唐天萍
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G63341 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
摘要:在我們所了解 的對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)的交易中,國(guó)際貿(mào)易的合同是整個(gè)商業(yè)活動(dòng)的必經(jīng)環(huán)節(jié),商務(wù)合同的中文還有英文翻譯文本,起到了很大的作用。整個(gè)商務(wù)合同的特征就是他們所需要表達(dá)的對(duì)象,而且對(duì)于商務(wù)合同的翻譯流程還有翻譯的原則都需要經(jīng)過(guò)細(xì)致的描述,還可以對(duì)如何才能進(jìn)一步的提高商務(wù)合同的翻譯質(zhì)量問(wèn)題作出了較為具體的解決方法。
關(guān)鍵詞:商務(wù)合同;原則;對(duì)外貿(mào)易
我們所了解的商務(wù)合同是來(lái)自于各個(gè)方面之間為了他們自己的權(quán)利還有各自的義務(wù),在商務(wù)合作的進(jìn)行之中,還有依法制定的,需要經(jīng)過(guò)公證的需要雙方共同遵守的條文。在英譯商務(wù)合同和協(xié)議時(shí),須對(duì)其上述三項(xiàng),特別是后兩項(xiàng)特征需特別留意,否則就會(huì)失之毫厘,謬以千里,給當(dāng)事的一方或雙方造成不可挽回的損失。
一、商務(wù)合同文本特征概述
(一)使用公文的語(yǔ)言的時(shí)候,需要我們語(yǔ)句短小精煉,文章的構(gòu)思嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)縝密
公文語(yǔ)副詞是由副詞here、there、where等分別加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副詞,構(gòu)成的復(fù)合公文語(yǔ)副詞。如:hereafter,thereafter,thereon,thereupon,hereinafter等。
例1.本合同自買(mǎi)方和建造方簽署之日生效:This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例2.茲特由雙方授權(quán)的代表,和上面的日期還有簽署的合同作為合同依據(jù)。IN WITNESS WHEREOF the panties hereto have executed this Contract by their authorized representatives as of the date first above written.
(二)良好準(zhǔn)確的使用商務(wù)合同它是一種特殊的應(yīng)用文體,用詞語(yǔ)或者文章的特點(diǎn)都是準(zhǔn)確還有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?/p>
英語(yǔ)翻譯合同的時(shí)候,就會(huì)造成選詞的不恰當(dāng)還有意思的不確定或者詞匯錯(cuò)誤。例1雙方需要遵守合同。/雙方遵守合同的規(guī)定:Both parties shall abide by the contractual stipulations./All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.
英語(yǔ)中abide by與comply with均意味“遵守”。Both parties agree to change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar intoHong Kong dollar.翻譯時(shí)需注意 change A to B與 change A into B的差異。前者意指“把A改為B”,后者意為“把A折合成/兌換成B”。
(三)句子為了保證商務(wù)合同還有翻譯的準(zhǔn)確,不會(huì)引起誤會(huì),商務(wù)合同還有協(xié)議的英文翻譯句子通常都是較為繁雜的
例1. The Customer and NEXPRESS each agree and undertake that during the Term and Thereafter it will keep confidential and will not use for its own purposes or without the prior written consent of the other party disclose to any third party any part or all information concerning the terms of this Agreement unless such information is in the public domain other than as a result of a breach of this clause.
例2. If no written objection is raised by either party one month before its expiry,this Agreement will be automatically extended for another year.在期滿前一個(gè)月,如果雙方未用書(shū)面提出異議,本協(xié)議將自動(dòng)延長(zhǎng)一年。商務(wù)合同及協(xié)議中常用的連接詞有:if,in case that,in the event that,unless等。
例3. Should one of the parties fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this Agreement,he other party is entitled to terminate this Agreement.如果一方未按本協(xié)議條款執(zhí)行,另一方有權(quán)中止協(xié)議。should可放在句首引出倒裝條件句。
例4.It is agreed that a margin of 2 percent shall be allowed for over or short count.雙方同意,允許的誤差為正負(fù)2%。it作形式主語(yǔ)。例如:從此以后、今后:hereafter;此后;后:thereafter;thereon/thereupon;在其下:thereunder;對(duì)于這個(gè):hereto;對(duì)于那個(gè):whereto;在上文:hereinabove/hereinbefore;在下文:hereinafter/hereinbelow;在上文中、在上一部分中:thereinbefore;現(xiàn)用兩個(gè)實(shí)例,說(shuō)明在英譯合同中如何酌情使用上述副詞。
例 1:這個(gè)合同在簽署日期后生效。This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.
例 2:以下的簽署者同意在中國(guó)生產(chǎn)商品。The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.shipping advice 與 shipping instructions
另外要注意區(qū)分 vendor(賣(mài)主)與 vendee(買(mǎi)主),consignor(發(fā)貨人)與 consignee(收貨人)。
abide by 與 comply with.Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.
change A to B 與 change A into B;英譯“把 A 改為 B”用“change A to B”,英譯“把 A 折合成/兌換成 B”用“change A into B”,兩者不可混淆。
The last batch per/ex/by S.S.“Victoria” will arrive at London on October (S.S. = Steamship)The good shall be shipped per M.V.“Dong Feng” on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rottedaml in 140 days. (M.V.= motor vessel)on/upon 與 after (BR) (BR) 當(dāng)英譯.“…到后,就…時(shí),用介詞 on/upon,而不用 after,因?yàn)?after 表示“之后”的時(shí)間不明確。
發(fā)貨的錢(qián)需要到付。
(BR) The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods. by 與 before當(dāng)英譯終止時(shí)間時(shí),比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所寫(xiě)日期時(shí),就用介詞 by;如果不包括所寫(xiě)日期,即指到所寫(xiě)日期的前一天為止,就要用介詞 before。
二、關(guān)鍵地方重視處理
我們?cè)趯?shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn),英語(yǔ)合同翻譯的時(shí)候經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些個(gè)差錯(cuò),不是陳述性條款有錯(cuò)誤。而是一些關(guān)鍵的地方例如:時(shí)間,金錢(qián),數(shù)量。為了避免出現(xiàn)失誤,應(yīng)該詳細(xì)認(rèn)真的寫(xiě)出文章的大小寫(xiě)還有語(yǔ)句。
例 :聘方須每月付給受聘方美元 500 元整。Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
總結(jié),我們國(guó)家的不斷進(jìn)步之中,有著很多的存在的漏洞與問(wèn)題,商務(wù)合同的簽訂時(shí)每天必不可少的,因此對(duì)于我們合同的翻譯也有很大的要求,作為一個(gè)翻譯人員應(yīng)該了解合同的特點(diǎn),掌握合同所需要的準(zhǔn)則,才會(huì)很好的完成工作任務(wù),為社會(huì)發(fā)展做貢獻(xiàn)。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]賈文應(yīng)用翻譯功能論[M]北京中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版2004.
[2]林超 實(shí)戰(zhàn)筆譯(英譯漢分冊(cè))[M]北京外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版2011.