郭曉紅邊云飛梁 斌白 瑞肖傳實(shí)
(1 山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院心內(nèi)科,山西 太原030001;2 山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院心內(nèi)科,山西 太原 030001)
脂聯(lián)素對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞源性泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1及膽固醇含量的影響及機(jī)制
郭曉紅1邊云飛2梁 斌1白 瑞2肖傳實(shí)1
(1 山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院心內(nèi)科,山西 太原030001;2 山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院心內(nèi)科,山西 太原 030001)
目的探討脂聯(lián)素對(duì)RAW264.7巨噬細(xì)胞源性泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1及膽固醇含量的影響及其可能的機(jī)制。方法體外培養(yǎng)RAW264.7細(xì)胞,加入20 mg/L氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)共同孵育48 h,將其誘導(dǎo)成泡沫細(xì)胞,加入不同濃度(0、1、5、10 μg/mL)的脂聯(lián)素干預(yù)24 h,RT-PCR測(cè)定ABCA1 mRNA的表達(dá),高效液相色譜測(cè)定細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇含量。觀察脂聯(lián)素對(duì)泡沫細(xì)胞中ABCA1表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果脂聯(lián)素顯著增加RAW264.7巨噬細(xì)胞源性泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1 mRNA的表達(dá)(P<0.05),并增加細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇含量,且呈濃度依賴性(P<0.05)。結(jié)論脂聯(lián)素可以增加巨噬源性泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,促進(jìn)膽固醇流出,延緩AS的發(fā)生發(fā)展。
脂聯(lián)素;巨噬細(xì)胞源性泡沫細(xì)胞;ABCA1;膽固醇含量
動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是一種影響動(dòng)脈血管的綜合征。巨噬細(xì)胞攝入大量脂質(zhì)形成泡沫細(xì)胞是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的一個(gè)早期重要特征,因此促使細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)流出即膽固醇逆轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)(reverse cholesterol transport,RCT)對(duì)防治AS具有重要作用。ATP結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)子A1(ATP binding cassettetransporter A1, ABCA1)是該過(guò)程中的一種重要轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體,已有研究表明ABCA1在RCT過(guò)程中與載脂蛋白結(jié)合參與高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)的形成,促使細(xì)胞內(nèi)多余脂質(zhì)流出并運(yùn)輸至肝臟排出,在細(xì)胞膽固醇代謝中起著關(guān)鍵的調(diào)控作用,是RCT中的第一步也是關(guān)鍵的一步。脂聯(lián)素(Adiponectin,ADN)是脂肪細(xì)胞分泌的特異性細(xì)胞因子,它能抑制內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的炎性反應(yīng)及血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖,同時(shí)抑制巨噬細(xì)胞向泡沫細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化[1-5],在肥胖相關(guān)疾病及多種心血管疾病中起保護(hù)作用。本研究旨在觀察脂聯(lián)素對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞源性泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1表達(dá)的影響及膽固醇流出的作用,并進(jìn)一步探討其可能的作用機(jī)制。
1.1 細(xì)胞:巨噬細(xì)胞株(RAW264.7細(xì)胞)來(lái)自本實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
1.2 主要材料、試劑及儀器:人重組脂聯(lián)素購(gòu)自Sigma公司, RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自武漢博士德生物工程有限公司,胎牛血清購(gòu)自杭州四季青公司,氧化低密度脂蛋白購(gòu)自北京協(xié)和三友科技開發(fā)有限公司;RT-PCR逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒和RNAiso購(gòu)自TaKaRa公司;ABCA1引物購(gòu)自Abcam公司,β-actin(內(nèi)參)購(gòu)自上海生物工程有限公司。
1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.3.1 泡沫細(xì)胞的制備及鑒定[6,7]:泡沫細(xì)胞模型的建立參照文獻(xiàn)[9,10]進(jìn)行:用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基,于37 ℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中靜置培養(yǎng)。待細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)到80%滿的時(shí)候,進(jìn)行傳代,傳至4-5代時(shí)將生長(zhǎng)良好的RAW 264.7細(xì)胞以2×104個(gè)/L的密度接種于6孔培養(yǎng)板,培養(yǎng)24 h,細(xì)胞貼壁后棄細(xì)胞液,加入20 mg/Lox-LDL共培養(yǎng)48 h建立泡沫細(xì)胞模型。用油紅O染色15 min,再用60%油紅O異丙醇清洗,再立即用PBS清洗3遍,顯微鏡下觀察泡沫細(xì)胞形態(tài),顯微鏡下可見胞內(nèi)亮紅色脂滴即為泡沫細(xì)胞。
1.3.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組:實(shí)驗(yàn)分為4組:①對(duì)照組;②加入1 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組;③加入5 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組;④加入10 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組,干預(yù)24 h。每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。
1.3.3 RT-PCR法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞中ABCA1 mRNA的表達(dá):采用Trizol法提取各組細(xì)胞總mRNA,合成cDNA第一鏈,以其為模板進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,以β-actin為內(nèi)參,引物由生工生物工程(上海)有限公司合成。ABCA1上游引物序列為:TGGATGGATTAGATTGGACTG,下游引物序列為TGTTGATGAGCCTGACTTC,bp為201,β-actin上游引物序列為GTCAGGTCATCACTATCGGCAAT,下游引物序列為AGAGGTCTTTACGGATGTCAACGT,bp為184。ABCA1 反應(yīng)條件為:94 ℃預(yù)變性2 min;94 ℃變性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 延伸30 s,共35個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃再延伸5 min。PCR產(chǎn)物經(jīng)瓊脂糖凝膠電泳鑒定,并用Quantitity One凝膠圖像分析系統(tǒng)分析,以目的基因與β-actin基因區(qū)帶面積積分灰度值的比值表示目的基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。試驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.3.4 細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇含量的測(cè)定:酶法結(jié)合高效液相色譜法測(cè)定各組細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇含量。RIPA裂解液裂解細(xì)胞,使蛋白含量在100~200 mg/L。取2份各100 μL,采用酶法結(jié)合高效液相色譜法測(cè)定各組細(xì)胞內(nèi)總膽固醇(total cho-lesterol,TC)和游離膽固醇(free cholesterol,FC),TC與FC的差值為膽固醇酯(cholesterol ester,CE),膽固醇酯與總膽固醇的比值(CE/ TC),實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)2次。
1.3.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:應(yīng)用SPSS13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,組間比較采用析因設(shè)計(jì)資料的方差分析, P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 泡沫細(xì)胞的鑒定:細(xì)胞吞入脂質(zhì)形成的泡沫細(xì)胞經(jīng)油紅O染色,鏡下可見細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)染成亮紅色,見圖1、圖2。
2.2 細(xì)胞中ABCA1 mRNA的表達(dá):RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,不同濃度脂聯(lián)素干預(yù)組ABCA1 mRNA的表達(dá)均明顯升高,且呈濃度依賴性,見表1、圖3。
2.3 不同濃度脂聯(lián)素對(duì)泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇含量的影響:檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組比較,不同濃度的脂聯(lián)素干預(yù)組膽固醇含量,均明顯增高,且呈濃度依賴性,見表2。
圖1 RAW264.7巨噬細(xì)胞
圖2 RAW264.7巨噬細(xì)胞源性泡沫細(xì)胞。圖中箭頭所指即為泡沫細(xì)胞
圖3 RT-PCR測(cè)定RAW264.7巨噬細(xì)胞源性泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1基因mRNA的表達(dá)水平
1為DNAMaker,2為對(duì)照組,3為β-actin(184bp),4為1 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組,5為5 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組,6為10 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組。
表1 各組RAW264.7源性泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1mRNA的表達(dá)水平(相對(duì)表達(dá)量,,n=3)
表1 各組RAW264.7源性泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1mRNA的表達(dá)水平(相對(duì)表達(dá)量,,n=3)
注:與同時(shí)間點(diǎn)對(duì)照組比較,aP<0.05;與同時(shí)間點(diǎn)1 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組比較,bP<0.05;與同時(shí)間點(diǎn)5 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組比較,cP<0.05
膽固醇逆轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)(RCT)是指膽固醇從外周細(xì)胞中流出[11-16],與載脂蛋白A-Ⅰ(ApoA-I)結(jié)合,形成HDL,轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至肝臟排出的過(guò)程,是體內(nèi)抗動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化(AS)的生理性保護(hù)機(jī)制,也是防止泡沫細(xì)胞形成的重要途徑。ABCA1是ATP結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)子超家族的成員,是RCT過(guò)程中的一種重要轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白,介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇流出,是起始步驟的關(guān)鍵。脂聯(lián)素在心血管疾病中起保護(hù)作用,大量研究顯示脂聯(lián)素具有廣泛的抗AS作用,能抑制巨噬細(xì)胞清道夫受體的表達(dá),促使細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇外流。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的嚴(yán)重程度與脂聯(lián)素水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)。還有研究提示,脂聯(lián)素可能對(duì)心肌肥厚具有抑制作用。在抗AS中,脂聯(lián)素可抑制血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移,促使巨噬泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇流出,抑制動(dòng)脈斑塊形成及穩(wěn)定斑塊。但脂聯(lián)素促使細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇流出上調(diào)ABCA1表達(dá),其機(jī)制尚不明確[17-19]。
表2 各組RAW264.7源性泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇含量的表達(dá)量
表2 各組RAW264.7源性泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇含量的表達(dá)量
注:與同時(shí)間點(diǎn)對(duì)照組比較,aP<0.05;與同時(shí)間點(diǎn)1 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組比較,bP<0.05;與同時(shí)間點(diǎn)5 μg/mL脂聯(lián)素組比較,cP<0.05
本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,脂聯(lián)素能呈濃度依賴性地上調(diào)巨噬細(xì)胞源性泡沫細(xì)胞中ABCA1基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,提示脂聯(lián)素可能通過(guò)上調(diào)ABCA1的表達(dá)[20],增加細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇流出率,促進(jìn)膽固醇外流,從而延緩AS的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。
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Adiponectin Effects on Macrophage Derived Foam Cells and Cholesterol Content and Mechanism of ABCA1
GUO Xiao-hong1, BIAN Yun-fei2, LIANG Bin2, BAI Rui2, XIAO Chuan-shi1
(1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; 2 Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China)
ObjectiveEffects of adiponectin on RAW264.7 macrophage derived foam cells and cholesterol content to ABCA1) objective and its possible mechanisms.MethodsRAW264.7 cells cultured in vitro, joined the 20mg/L oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were incubated for 48 h, the induced into foam cells, with different concentrations (0,1,5,10 μg/mL) of adiponectin 24h expression of RT-PCR ABCA1 mRNA, determination, HPLC determination of intracellular cholesterol content. To observe the effects of adiponectin on the expression of ABCA1 in foam cells.ResultsThe expression of adiponectin was significantly increased in RAW264.7 macrophage derived foam cells in ABCA1 mRNA (P<0.05), and increased cellular cholesterol content, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).ConclusionAdiponectin can increase the macrophage derived foam cell ABCA1 transcription level, promote cholesterol efflux, delay the occurrence and development of AS.
Adiponectin; Macrophage derived foam cells; ABCA1; Cholesterol
R54
B
1671-8194(2014)25-0046-03