摘要:目的 探討手術(shù)室中對病情危重患者采取動脈置管,直接動脈血壓監(jiān)測法的重要性,以及在應(yīng)用中的觀察和護理。方法 動脈留置術(shù)后,先用無菌骨蠟,適量置于穿刺點,并增加對穿刺點的壓力,再拔除動脈置管。結(jié)果 骨蠟用于動脈留置患者,以防穿刺部位出血,效果較好。結(jié)論 骨蠟價格便宜,取材方便,在常溫下能制成任何形狀,軟硬適中,將其直接置于穿刺點,外用彈力繃帶加壓包扎,彈力繃帶加壓包扎的力量可以調(diào)節(jié),可以保證按壓部位的正確性和力度的一致,方便快捷,安全有效,預(yù)防血腫的發(fā)生,止血效果好,患者感覺舒適,且減輕護士工作量。
關(guān)鍵詞:動脈置管; 拔管; 止血;骨蠟
Abstract:Objective To investigate the operation room in the critically ill patients to arterial catheter, the importance of direct arterial blood pressure monitoring method, as well as in the application of observation and nursing. Methods Arterial indwelling, first with sterile bone wax, some on the puncture point, and increase the puncture point pressure, and removal of the artery catheterization. Results The bone wax used for artery indwelling patients, in order to prevent bleeding at the puncture sites, better. Conclusion The bone wax is cheap, convenient, can be made into any shape, at room temperature, soft hard moderate, be placed directly in the puncture point, external elastic bandage, elastic bandage force can be adjusted, to ensure the correctness and intensity of press parts of the agreement, convenient, safe and effective, prevention of hematoma, hemostatic effect is good, the patient feels comfortable, and reduce the workload of nurses.
Key words:Artery catheter; Extubation; Hemostasis; Bone wax
手術(shù)室是外科診治和搶救患者的重要場所,是醫(yī)院的重要技術(shù)部門。隨著臨床醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)的迅猛發(fā)展,外科手術(shù)越來越細(xì)微、難度越來越大,患者的病情大多比較危重,大多數(shù)術(shù)中需密切監(jiān)測生命體征。麻醉科醫(yī)生會給患者常規(guī)留置橈動脈或足背動脈,以保證術(shù)中準(zhǔn)確的血壓監(jiān)測和血氣分析。一般術(shù)畢患者神志清醒后,麻醉師要求拔除動脈留置針。若穿刺點處理不當(dāng),穿刺部位易出現(xiàn)滲血、血腫,給患者帶來生理心理創(chuàng)傷,影響護患關(guān)系。我科將骨蠟用于動脈留置患者,以防穿刺部位出血,效果較好,介紹如下:
1 材料與方法
動脈留置術(shù)后,先用無菌骨蠟,適量置于穿刺點,并增加對穿刺點的壓力,再拔除動脈置管,并用彈力繃帶局部再次繞圈固定,松緊以不出血為宜。觀察2~4h后可拆除骨蠟和彈力繃帶。敷貼貼于穿刺部位。骨蠟可以用術(shù)中止血后剩余部分,既方便又避免浪費。
2優(yōu)點
原先單純繃帶壓迫的缺點:容易出現(xiàn)滲血,壓迫效果不佳以致出現(xiàn)血腫,過緊導(dǎo)致肢體缺血。骨蠟價格便宜,取材方便,在常溫下能制成任何形狀,軟硬適中,將其直接置于穿刺點,外用彈力繃帶加壓包扎,彈力繃帶加壓包扎的力量可以調(diào)節(jié),可以保證按壓部位的正確性和力度的一致,方便快捷,安全有效,預(yù)防血腫的發(fā)生,止血效果好,患者感覺舒適,且減輕護士工作量。
3討論
在危重癥患者救治治療過程中能準(zhǔn)確連續(xù)、及時、監(jiān)測動脈血壓的變化,為臨床用藥和病情評估提供準(zhǔn)確可靠的數(shù)字依據(jù),及時預(yù)測疾病的發(fā)展趨勢及治療效果,為搶救贏得時間。同時也是采取動脈血標(biāo)本的理想途徑,既減少患者的痛苦,又可及時迅速取得標(biāo)本,大大減輕醫(yī)護人員的工作量,緩解了工作壓力,提高工作效率。有創(chuàng)血壓可避免了無創(chuàng)血壓測量的誤差,延誤病情的觀察。有創(chuàng)血壓具有它的優(yōu)越性,也有不足之處。如出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥較多,有的甚至?xí)鸷車?yán)重的后果,故做好預(yù)防工作是我們護理工作的重點。如提高穿刺技術(shù)、保持管道通暢、密切觀察穿刺部位是否有滲血和血腫,保證肢體遠端血供良好等。
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