上甘棠村古建筑群保護規(guī)劃，江永，湖南，中國

項目設(shè)計：湯羽揚/北京建工建筑設(shè)計研究院/北京建筑工程學院建筑與城市規(guī)劃學院

上甘棠村古建筑群保護規(guī)劃，江永，湖南，中國

項目設(shè)計：湯羽揚/北京建工建筑設(shè)計研究院/北京建筑工程學院建筑與城市規(guī)劃學院

上甘棠村古建筑群為2006年國務(wù)院公布的第六批全國重點文物保護單位，同時也是2007年建設(shè)部、國家文物局公布的第三批中國歷史文化名村。古村位于山水環(huán)抱的湘南地區(qū)，自唐太和二年（827）周姓族人遷入至今已有千余年的歷史。難能可貴的是這處“千年古村”至今保存完整，現(xiàn)有步瀛橋、文昌閣、忠厚祠、壽萱亭、門坊、家堂、碼頭、古驛道等古建筑，以及多達200余棟的古民居，特別是24方摩崖石刻，記述了宋、元、明、清以來村莊發(fā)展和地方文化精神。

保護規(guī)劃從現(xiàn)場調(diào)查研究入手，對古村落建筑群的現(xiàn)狀以及周邊環(huán)境進行了詳細的調(diào)查，對每處古建筑進行了評價。

保護規(guī)劃考慮了古村落的情況既完整地保存了傳統(tǒng)形式，同時還在延續(xù)現(xiàn)代使用功能，立足文化遺產(chǎn)保護的整體保護概念，結(jié)合文物保護規(guī)劃與歷史文化街區(qū)保護規(guī)劃的編制要求，對古村落的保護進行了全面思考。

目前，我國的文物保護規(guī)劃與歷史文化街區(qū)（含歷史文化村鎮(zhèn)）的保護規(guī)劃具有較強的行業(yè)管理特征，其間的銜接不夠完善。在保護區(qū)劃、保護措施等方面的要求不盡相同，因此對于具有雙重身份的保護對象（既是全國重點文物保護單位，又是國家歷史文化村鎮(zhèn)）在編制保護規(guī)劃時，會面臨許多需要綜合考慮的問題。本規(guī)劃力圖突出文化遺產(chǎn)保護的概念，盡力廓清保護對象，注重對上甘棠村有關(guān)歷史信息的保護，對文物建筑物、古街巷道路、傳統(tǒng)公共空間作為文物保護對象進行了認定。將古村落肌理、選址環(huán)境作為歷史環(huán)境給予了高度關(guān)注，并通過對選址的分析，確定了保護區(qū)劃，同時對新村的選點建設(shè)提出了相關(guān)要求，期望達到完整保存歷史信息目的。

與此同時，對提高村民生活質(zhì)量也提出了相應(yīng)的措施，如人畜分離、消防安全等。

The ancient architectural complex in Shanggantang Village is listed in the sixth batch of the important heritage sites under state protection by the State Council in 2006, and also in the third batch of famous historic and cultural villages of China by the Ministry of Construction and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage in 2007. The ancient village, located at southern Hunan area with mountains and rivers encircled, can be dated back to thousand years since the immigrants surnamed by Zhou removed here in the second year of the Taihe reign period in Tang Dynasty (827). It is rare that the "millennium village" is well preserved, and now has ancient architectures such as Buying Bridge, Wenchang Pavilion, Zhonghou Shrine, Shouxuan Pavilion, gate arch, family church, wharf, ancient post road, and more than 200 ancient dwellings. In particular, there are 24 cliff inscriptions, which record the village development and local culture spirits from the dynasties of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing.

Detailed investigations on current conditions of the architectural complex of the ancient village and surrounding environment, and evaluation on each ancient building have conducted on the basis of field research during the formulation of this Conversation Plan.

Seeing that the village is well preserved in traditional form and continuous for its modern functions, a concept of integrated cultural heritage conservation in combination with the requirements to formulate conversation planning of cultural relics and historical and cultural blocks is proposed in the Conservation Plan after taking a full consideration of the preservation of the ancient village.

At present, the conservation plans of cultural heritage, and historic conservation area (including historical and cultural towns and villages) are characteristic of industrial management and deficient in coordination. The requirements of protection zoning and conservation measures are different and so comprehensive consideration should be made when planning conservation scheme of the object which is doubly identified, that is, it is an important heritage sites under state protection as well as a famous historic and cultural villages. In this Conservation Plan, highlight is turned onto the concept of cultural heritage preservation, trying to clarify the object to be preserved, and onto the preservation of historical information related to Shanggantang Village. In addition, identification has made to the heritage buildings, ancient streets, roads and lanes, and traditional public spaces as preservation objects. Furthermore, high attention has given to the texture of and the environment for site selection of the ancient village and the preservation zoning is determined via analysis of site selection. Meanwhile, requirements over the construction of new village site are raised, expecting to achieve complete preservation of historical information.

Corresponding measures for improving the life quality of the villagers, such as separating the animals from humans, fire safety are also proposed at the same time.

項目信息/Credits and Data

委托單位/Client：湖南省江永縣文化局/Hunan Provincial Yongjiang County Bureau of Culture

項目負責/Project Manager：湯羽揚/TANG Yuyang

設(shè)計團隊/Project Team：韓真元，張亳，郜華，劉磊，

王勇，吳瓊/HAN Zhenyuan, ZHANG Hao, GAO Hua, LIU Lei, WANG Yong, WU Qiong

項目時間/Project Period：2007-2008

評論

劉伯英：我國的文物保護規(guī)劃與歷史文化名村的保護規(guī)劃具有較強的行業(yè)管理特征，我理解上甘棠村古建筑群保護規(guī)劃是側(cè)重文物保護規(guī)劃的，更多地關(guān)注文物本體與周邊環(huán)境等物質(zhì)的要素；由于是古建筑群，所以又呈現(xiàn)出歷史文化名村保護規(guī)劃的特征，但對人和人的活動（民俗）等非物質(zhì)的要素并沒有過多涉及。

對于還在使用中的“活的遺產(chǎn)”，保護更加復雜。比如市政管線的鋪設(shè)與建筑、街巷的關(guān)系，提高生活品質(zhì)或者功能提升對建筑的改造，甚至經(jīng)營需要的招牌對文物建筑和環(huán)境都會產(chǎn)生影響。保護必須是持續(xù)性的，對村民的教育和科學的管理可能更重要。

魏浩波：古建筑群村落保護在當代意識下更傾向于綜合遺產(chǎn)概念，非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)或文化景觀等無形環(huán)境已成為重要的保護條目，保護對象已經(jīng)擴展到環(huán)境中的建筑、社會結(jié)構(gòu)、習慣以及與之相應(yīng)的景觀，換言之即次文化圈層的系統(tǒng)保護。上甘棠村古建筑群保護就此嘗試了：（1）古建筑的年代分野與形制特征正本清源，建立了適合國內(nèi)現(xiàn)實制度下的有效的梯次保護結(jié)構(gòu)；（2）通過對影響聚落成群的山水格局關(guān)系、路徑體系的整理與公共空間的梳理，試圖通過穩(wěn)定物化的聚落生成肌理固定傳統(tǒng)社會結(jié)構(gòu)投射下的物質(zhì)空間關(guān)系；（3）透過對傳統(tǒng)立面原型的重拾，并將之更新為村落形態(tài)發(fā)展的基本控制標準等等多樣化的技術(shù)手段；如若有緣更多關(guān)注社會模型+體系景觀的動態(tài)性穩(wěn)固，當有范式意義。

Comments

LIU Boying: In the first placed, the planning for cultural relic and historic village protection in China has a strong "industrial management" feature. As far as I can see, the ancient buildings protection in Shanggantang Village belongs to the category of cultural relic planning, and therefore concerns more about physical elements such as cultural relics per se and their surrounding environment. But as they are also ancient buildings, the protection entails a feature of historic village planning, and it does not emphasize those non-physical elements such as human and human activities (e.g., folk customs).

For those "living heritage" in use, protection should be diversified and tailored. For instance, municipal pipelines should be deployed in specific relation to architecture and lanes; the improvement of living quality and building function could facilitate the transformation of architecture; even certain demanded commercial brands could have an impact on both heritage buildings and the environment. It is also important to note that, while protection must be sustained, education and scientific management, which are even more important, could not be neglected.

WEI Haobo: In contemporary sense, ancient buildings fall under the category of comprehensive heritage. Intangible environments including non-physical cultural heritage and cultural landscape have become important items for protection. Protection objects also expand to include buildings, social structure, customs and their relevant landscape within that environment, or what might be called the system of cultural sphere. In this regard, the Ancient Buildings Protection in Shanggantang Village has taken the following specific measures: (1) To sort out ancient buildings based on their built time and mode characteristics, a hierarchic protection structure is set up in line with current domestic systems. (2) By sorting out the mountain-water pattern, route system and public space that influence the formation of settlement, it tries to stabilize the materialized texture that generates settlements, so as to fix the physical spatial relation under the traditional social structure. (3) The traditional facade prototype is re-utilized and renewed into a basic criterion, among a diversity of other technical approaches, that functions to regulate the villages' morphological development. The scheme has the potential to serve as a paradigm provided it attends to the dynamic stability of social models and system landscape.

Conservation Planning of the Ancient Architectural Complex at Shanggantang Village, Jiangyong, Hunan, China, 2008

Project Design: TANG Yuyang/Beijing Jiangong Architectural Design and Research Institute/School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture