• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Development of a beta radioluminescence nuclear battery?

    2014-03-07 12:24:30XUZhiHeng許志恒TANGXiaoBin湯曉斌HONGLiang洪亮LIUYunPeng劉云鵬andCHENDa陳達(dá)
    Nuclear Science and Techniques 2014年4期
    關(guān)鍵詞:洪亮

    XU Zhi-Heng(許志恒),TANG Xiao-Bin(湯曉斌),, HONG Liang(洪亮),LIU Yun-Peng(劉云鵬),and CHEN Da(陳達(dá))

    1Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China

    Development of a beta radioluminescence nuclear battery?

    XU Zhi-Heng(許志恒),1TANG Xiao-Bin(湯曉斌),1,HONG Liang(洪亮),1LIU Yun-Peng(劉云鵬),1and CHEN Da(陳達(dá))1

    1Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China

    A nuclear battery consisting of a beta source,a phosphor layer and a photovoltaic device was prepared. Planar phosphor layers were synthesized through physical precipitation of ZnS:Cu,ZnS:Ag or SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+phosphors.The radioluminescence(RL)spectra were used to analyze the RL effects of the phosphor layers under beta-particle excitation.Feasibility of using the materials as intermediate absorbers in the beta batteries was studied.The I–V characteristics of beta RL nuclear batteries with different phosphor layers were tested using63Ni or147Pm beta sources.The output power of zinc sulfide matrix phosphor layer was better than that of rare-earth element oxides.In addition,a thin aluminum reflective layer was vacuum-evaporated on the phosphor layers to improve the efficiency of beta RL nuclear batteries,and the results were discussed.

    Beta radioluminescence nuclear battery,Phosphor layer,Radioluminescence spectra,Current-voltage characteristic

    I.INTRODUCTION

    Stable and efficient power systems with a long lifetime have tremendous potential applications in many fields,including ultra-low-power devices,autonomous systems,and aerospace electronics.In particular,the power sources can be used in places where their maintenance and replacement is extremely difficult or even impossible.Prime candidates for such power systems are radioisotope-motivated generators.A nuclear battery can convert nuclear power into usable electrical power for years,or even decades(depending on the radioactive isotope used).Other advantages of radioisotope power sources include small size,low weight,high adaptability,stable power output,and high reliability[1–6].

    Performance of a beta-voltaic battery,based on ionization trails of high-energy electrons in a semiconductor,is limited by radiation damage to the semiconductor.An alternative to direct conversion of beta-voltaic batteries is to add a phosphor layer to absorb the beta-rays.The radiation energy is converted into luminescence energy,which is then converted into electricity[6,7].In this type of nuclear battery,a beta source is placed adjacent to the phosphor layer which absorbs energy of the beta particles and emits visible luminescence,which is immediately absorbed and converted into electricity by photovoltaic(PV)devices.Thebatteryisadvantageousinthatthe semiconductor itself no longer needs to be exposed directly to the ionizing radiations,hence the feasibility to minimize or eliminate radiation damage.Besides,the phosphor layers are more stable than PV devices[8].So beta radioluminescence(RL)nuclear battery can adopt a radioisotope emittinghigher energy of beta particles.Even though the initial overall efficiency is lower,over a long term,the indirect power out is higher and the service life is longer than that of direct betavoltaics.

    A schematic of the battery structure is shown in Fig.1. Indirect energy conversion achieves two critical goals in nuclear batteries design:1)high tolerance to ionizing radiations and high RL efficiency,and 2)appropriate matching of the emission wavelength to the spectral response of the PV device[9,10].Although the beta RL nuclear battery is still a long way from commercialization,research on this battery type is of significance.In this paper,we report the design, fabrication,and performance of beta RL nuclear batteries, which consist of(1)63Ni or147Pm beta emitter,(2)ZnS:Cu, ZnS:Ag or SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+phosphor layers,and(3)In-GaP/GaAs/Ge PV devices.The feasibility is examined for using different luminescent materials as phosphor layers of beta RL nuclear batteries,and batteries of different combinations are studied.In particular,performance of the batteries evaporated with an aluminum reflector on surface of the phosphor layer is presented.

    II.EXPERIMENTAL

    A.Materials

    In this work,we used thin circular plate beta source of63Ni and147Pm,in initial activity of 5mCi/cm2on 11 August and 20 October,2011,respectively.The63Ni and147Pm sources were selected with the following considerations.63Ni emits just 66.9keV electrons,with a half-life of 100.2y,while147Pm emits 224keV electrons and weak low energy γ-ray, with a half-life of 2.6y[11].These provide better results comparison between them,easy shielding,and long-term use without significant performance degradation.

    The RL phosphor layers were fabricated with ZnS:Cu, ZnS:Ag and SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+.These materials have been widely studied for field emission display and fluorescent lighting applications.They have been reported to function as RL phosphors under radioactive particle excitation[6,7]. ZnS:Cu and ZnS:Ag are Cu2+-and Ag+-doped A2B6-based phosphor materials,respectively.ZnS-based phosphors have wide band gap and good conductivity.Their RL characteristics depends on the doping element,concentration and other factors[12].The ratio of luminescence intensity between irradiated and non-irradiated ZnS:Cu phosphors is 0.95 by using 5.69keV electrons.For ZnS:Ag phosphors,the ratio is 1 under the same beta source[7].SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+phosphors are high-quality rare-earth-doped SrAl2O4-based material,with strontium aluminate as the matrix,and Eu2+and Dy3+as the activator systems[13].The activator can change the band structure of the matrix and generate various RL energy levels.In the experiment,we used five kinds of phosphors:ZnS:Cu,ZnS:Ag and SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+of 200,300 and 600 mesh,in particle sizes of 38μm,6.2μm, 75μm,48μm and 23μm,respectively.

    Given that different phosphor layers exhibit different luminescent performance,the emission wavelength range of the RL spectra is wide and inconsistent. Therefore,In-GaP/GaAs/Getriple-junctionPVdevicesarenecessaryto satisfy the wide range of RL emission spectra.The fabricated PV devices measured at 0.5cm 0.5cm.

    B.Design and fabrication

    A physical precipitation technique was performed to prepare different planar phosphor layers.The RL phosphors were deposited on quartz glass substrates in light transmittance of nearly 95%.The layer size was 3cm 3cm(Fig.2). For a planar geometry,the optimal phosphor layer must be of sufficient thickness to absorb most of beta particles and still allow for high-efficient transmission of the emitted luminescence.The relationship of the beta range and the phosphor layer thickness is the key to optimizing beta RL nuclear battery.

    Fig.1.Schematics of a beta RL nuclear battery.

    The beta range of63Ni and147Pm was calculated with an empirical formula modified from Katz and Penfld[14]:

    where R is the beta range in the phosphor layers(cm),E is the maximum energy of the beta source(MeV),and ρ is density of the phosphors(g/cm3).For63Ni,E=66.9keV, and ρ=4.102g/cm3,then R=16.33μm.

    Thickness of the phosphor layer was calculated by the following empirical formula:

    where,d is thickness of the phosphor layer,Δm is the weight difference between the starting and final glass,S is the surface area,and ρ is the density.Based on the preceding analysis,the thickness of ZnS:Cu phosphor layer was27μm,which was between the beta ranges of63Ni and147Pm in the ZnS:Cu phosphor layers.

    Fig.2.Planar phosphor layer samples.

    The phosphor layers,which functioned as intermediates, the beta source,and the PV devices were arranged and laminated according to Fig.1.Design and fabrication were accomplished by arranging leads and encapsulating.The sequence of battery assembly is shown in Fig.3.Fig.3(d) shows the prototype of beta RL nuclear battery.

    C.Test method

    RL spectra of the phosphor layers were measured by using a Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer(Agilent Technologies,USA)with the 4.93mCi/cm263Ni and 2.83mCi/cm2147Pm beta sources.To obtain an accurate and steady spectra,different phosphor layers were exposed to beta-particle irradiation for a distinct amount of time.Given that the afterglow time of rare-earth-doped strontium aluminate is relatively long,the SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+phosphor layers were observed for one hour or more.During the test period,the entire test environment was kept in a dark condition. A dual-channel system(Model 2636A,Keithley,USA)was used to measure the current-voltage(I–V)and power-voltage (P–V)curves of various combinations with the63Ni or147Pm sources.Based on the test results,the following characteristics were determined:short-circuit current Isc,open-circuit voltage Uoc,and maximum power output Pmax.Moreover, external light interference should be avoided during the testing process to ensure that the phosphor layers would only be excited by the beta-particle source.All samples were tested at room temperatures and atmosphere.

    Fig.3.Fabrication of beta RL nuclear battery:placing the PV device (a),and adding the support materials(b),phosphor layer(c),and beta source(d).

    III.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    A.Optical characterization

    RL performances of the phosphor layers,namely,ZnS:Ag, ZnS:Cu,200/300/600 mesh SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+,were measured under irradiation by 4.93mCi/cm263Ni and 2.83mCi/cm2147Pm sources,respectively.The RL spectra were recorded after excitation RL became stable and were shown together in Fig.4 for comparison.

    The RL effect is obvious.A high RL yield reflects a high degree of crystallinity[15].The phosphor layers exhibited different emission spectra for various luminescent materials.RL intensities of ZnS:Ag and ZnS:Cu are much higher than those of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+.Comparing Fig.4(a)with Fig.4(b),the RL intensity of ZnS:Ag phosphor layers exhibited by63Ni is much higher than the147Pm-excited.This indicates that low-energy beta particles are suitable for ZnS:Ag phosphor layers of small particle sizes(6.2μm).ZnS:Ag and ZnS:Cu are high-efficiency yellow-green-and blue-emitting phosphors,at approximately 530nm and 450nm,respectively,under excitation by beta particles.This is mainly attributed to recombination of the electron trap donor from sulfur vacancy and the hole trap acceptor from the doped metal elements[12].

    Fig.4.RL spectra of different phosphor layers under excitation by (a)63Ni and(b)147Pm sources.

    Comparing to ZnS:Cu and ZnS:Ag,RL intensity of the SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+phosphor layers is low under betaparticle excitation,peaked at approximately 520nm,too.The peak attitude increases with particle size of the phosphors to a certain extent.These can be explained by two factors. First,phosphors of bigger particle size exhibit good crystallization and high RL efficiency.Second,a small particle size increases internal scattering and reduces emission intensity. Therefore,the luminescence transmission of big particle sizes is more significant and effective.This is consistent with results of Ref.[16],in which the scattering coefficient is calculated by the particle size distribution,with Eq.(3):

    where s is the scattering coefficient,k is a constant,g is the average particle size of the phosphors,and J is the standard deviation of the averaged particle size.According to this formula,as the average particle size g increases,the scattering coefficient s decreases.

    Then,RL performance of the phosphors depends on the matrix material,doping element,and particle size.

    B. Electrical characterization

    From the measured I–V characteristic curves,we obtained the electronic performance parameters of the short-circuit current Isc,the open-circuit voltage Uoc,and the maximum output power Pmax.The fill factor FF can be calculated by Eq.(4):

    The energy conversion efficiency of the beta RL nuclear battery is

    where A is activity of the radioactive sources,and Eβis the average beta energy of 17.4keV and 62keV for63Ni and147Pm,respectively.

    Figure 5 shows performances of the beta RL nuclear batteries of different phosphor layers.The ZnS:Cu phosphor layer exhibits efficient and stable performance.A nuclear battery with the63Ni source,ZnS:Cu phosphor layer,and PV devices of InGaP/GaAs/Ge has with the following characteristics:Isc=1.0401nA,Uoc=0.3499V,and FF=0.34. The activity of the source is

    The total output power of the source is

    So,the energy conversion efficiency is

    The performances of batteries with different phosphor layers are given in Table 1. The metal doped zinc sulfide phosphors exhibit better electrical characteristics than rareearth-doped strontium aluminate.The RL emission wavelengths of ZnS:Ag phosphor layers are relatively short,and of high luminescence energy.However,the energy conversion efficiency of ZnS:Ag phosphor layers is significantly lower than that of ZnS:Cu phosphor layers.The peak emission of the phosphor layers matches peak response of the PV converter,and output performance of the battery is good.The luminescent energy(Eλ,in eV)can be related with the RL wavelength(λ,in nm)by:

    The luminescent energy of ZnS:Cu phosphor layers (~2.34eV)is lower than that of ZnS:Ag(~2.76eV).However,the ZnS:Cu phosphor layers have closer band gap to those of InGaP/GaAs/Ge PV devices(band gap = 1.90/1.46/0.7eV). The electrical characteristics improve with higher degree of coupling.For example,the peak emission of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+at 520nm,is suitable for conversion by InGaP/GaAs/Ge PV devices.Nevertheless,luminescence intensity of the SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+was extremely low,and the luminescence received by the PV converter was minimal,such that the output power of the battery was nearly zero.

    Also,the results illustrate that the RL emission wavelength and RL intensity of phosphor layers are important factors that affect performance of the beta RL nuclear battery.The RL from the phosphor layers is a critical step towards realizing the indirect energy conversion.The peak emission and band gap of the PV materials have a corresponding relation.By analyzing the RL spectra,appropriate band-gap range of the subsequent PV materials can be estimated.For beta RL nuclear battery,appropriate coupling among the radiation source,the phosphor layers and PV devices are required to achieve maximum nuclear-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency.

    Fig.5.I–V characteristic curves of the batteries of different phosphor layers using(a)63Ni and(b)147Pm sources.

    TABLE 1.Test data of the battery with different phosphor layers

    C.Technology improvement

    To improve performance of the beta RL nuclear battery, one should increase the RL efficiency and optimize the optical transmission properties.This involves depositing a thin reflective metal layer onto surface of the phosphor layers.Reducing the loss of photons,and increasing the luminescent intensity effectively,are helpful.Of all the phosphor layers tested,ZnS:Cu is the most stable and efficient.Aluminum reflector of 1μm thick was deposited on the ZnS:Cu phosphors by vacuum evaporation,and the batteries were excited by the63Ni or147Pm beta source.Performance of the beta RL nuclear batteries before and after aluminizing is shown in Fig.6 and Table 2.

    From the I–V and P–V characteristic curves,the maximum output power of the battery with a promethium source increased after aluminizing.However,for the nickel source, the energy conversion efficiency decreased obviously after aluminizing.The performance of the phosphor layers before and after aluminizing was affected by beta particle absorption and photon utilization.

    Given that light emission is isotropic in the phosphor layers,theintensityoflightemittedtowardthesourceisthesame as that emitted toward the PV device.The aluminum reflector increases the reflected luminescence from the phosphor layer towards the source,hence the increase of luminescent flux on the PV device.However,the aluminum reflector obstructs beta particles in the phosphor layers,hence the decrease of photon number and RL intensity.The foil also adds a certain thickness,extends photonic transport distance,and decreases the total output performance of the battery.147Pm emits the beta particles of higher energies than63Ni does, hence their longer ranges in the phosphor,of which the photon reflection increase effect can be stronger than its electron blocking and absorption effects.Therefore,performance of147Pm-excited beta RL nuclear battery with an aluminum reflector is improved,with a gain of about 14%in energy conversion efficiency.For an alpha RL nuclear battery with a238Pu source,the efficiency could be improved obviously by adding an aluminum reflector,with an increase of about 60% in the power output[8].Unlike the147Pm battery,aluminizing on the phosphor layer of63Ni-excited nuclear battery results in its performance degradation.Therefore,the beta-ray energy should be considered to decide the necessity of aluminizing on the surface of the phosphor layers in preparing of the beta RL nuclear battery.

    IV.CONCLUSION

    Fig.6.I–V(a)and P–V(b)curves of the batteries of ZnS:Cu before and after aluminizing(referred as BA and AA).

    TABLE 2.Test data of the phosphor layers before and after aluminizing(referred as BA and AA)

    Three types of phosphor layers for beta RL nuclear battery were investigated via the RL spectra.From the I–V characteristic curves,output performance of the batteries was largely determined by RL wavelength and intensity.Comparing the results from different combinations of beta sources andphosphorlayers,theRLperformanceofmetal-dopedzinc sulfide was better than that of rare-earth-doped strontium aluminate,and ZnS:Cu phosphor layers were more suitable than ZnS:Ag to coupling with the InGaP/GaAs/Ge PV devices of the beta RL nuclear battery.Efficiency of the beta RL nuclear battery was determined by the beta particle reflection, the thickness of the phosphor layers,the RL transmission efficiency,and the coupling degree of the RL spectra and the PV devices.Some of the factors were studied.

    [1]Qiao D Y,Chen X J,Ren Y,et al.Acta Phys Sin-Ch Ed,2011, 60:020701.

    [2]Tang X B,Liu Y P,Ding D,et al.Sci China Tech Sci,2012, 55:659–664.

    [3]Gao H,Luo S Z,Zhang H M,et al.Acta Phys Sin-Ch Ed,2012, 61:176101.

    [4]Peng Z X,Zhang P,He Z H.Nucl Tech,2010,33:308–311.

    [5]Rivenburg H C,Bilhuber P,Divers III E F,et al.US Patent 5 443 657,Power source using a photovoltaic array and self–luminous microspheres,1995.

    [6]Sims P E,Dinetta L C,Barnett A M.13thSpace Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference Cleveland,Ohio, Jun.14–16,1994.

    [7]Bower K E,Barbanel Y A,Shreter Y G,et al.Polymers,phosphors,and voltaics for radioisotope microbatteries.Boca Raton (USA):CRC Press,2002,210–348.

    [8]Sychov M,Kavetsky A,Yakubova G,et al.Appl Radiat Isotopes,2008,66:173–177.

    [9]Renschler C L,Clough R L,Shepodd T J.J Appl Phys,1989, 66:4542–4544.

    [10]Cress C D,Redino C S,Landi B J,et al.J Solid State Chem, 2008,181:2041–2045.

    [11]Sun S Z.Radioisotope handbook.Beijing(CHINA):Atomic Energy Press,2011,53–76.

    [12]Cress C D.Ph.D.Thesis,Rochester Institute of Technology, 2008.

    [13]Xiao Z G and Luo X X.Light-Storing Material and Products. Beijing(CHINA):Chemical industry press,2002,74–81.

    [14]Liu Q C,Jia B S,Wan J.Overview of Nuclear Science.Harbin (CHINA):Harbin Institute of Technology Press,1988,32–33. [15]Yen W M and Yamamoto H.Phosphor handbook.Boca Raton (USA):CRC Press,2012,388–618.

    [16]Butler K H.Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors:Theory and Technology.Pennsylvania State(USA):Pennsylvania State University Press,1980,132–168.

    (Received December 18,2013;accepted in revised form February 13,2014;published online July 7,2014)

    10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.25.040603

    ?Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11205088),the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No. 2012ZB52021),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Foundation of Graduate Innovation Center in NUAA(No. kfjj130125)

    ?Corresponding author,tangxiaobin@nuaa.edu.cn

    猜你喜歡
    洪亮
    清朝乾嘉時(shí)期名人洪亮吉
    公民與法治(2023年1期)2023-03-31 06:03:32
    Improving the surface flashover performance of epoxy resin by plasma treatment: a comparison of fluorination and silicon deposition under different modes
    Improving the surface insulation of epoxy resin by plasma etching
    Effect of plasma step gradient modification on surface electrical properties of epoxy resin
    Raman investigation of hydration structure of iodide and iodate?
    李洪亮作品
    僑胞任洪亮率團(tuán)斬獲全球醫(yī)學(xué)工程創(chuàng)新大賽金獎(jiǎng)等
    表內(nèi)除法的巧算
    柔筆飛揚(yáng)書心志——書法家李洪亮側(cè)記
    CAN 總線壓裂車控制系統(tǒng)研制與應(yīng)用
    黄色视频不卡| 最黄视频免费看| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 激情五月婷婷亚洲| 免费日韩欧美在线观看| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 成年人免费黄色播放视频| a级毛片在线看网站| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 国产高清videossex| 热re99久久国产66热| 黄网站色视频无遮挡免费观看| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 欧美激情高清一区二区三区| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 两个人看的免费小视频| 亚洲欧美激情在线| 国产一卡二卡三卡精品| 美女大奶头黄色视频| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码 | 手机成人av网站| 亚洲图色成人| 中文字幕人妻丝袜制服| 一级片'在线观看视频| 高清欧美精品videossex| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 99香蕉大伊视频| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 午夜两性在线视频| 亚洲精品美女久久av网站| 青草久久国产| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 97在线人人人人妻| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 国产精品欧美亚洲77777| 美女国产高潮福利片在线看| 免费看不卡的av| 久久精品成人免费网站| 天堂8中文在线网| 黄网站色视频无遮挡免费观看| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 视频区欧美日本亚洲| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| 91精品国产国语对白视频| 精品国产超薄肉色丝袜足j| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 久久精品成人免费网站| 国产一区二区 视频在线| 亚洲精品第二区| 国产午夜精品一二区理论片| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说| 多毛熟女@视频| 久久久久国产精品人妻一区二区| 人人妻人人爽人人添夜夜欢视频| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜爱| 黄色 视频免费看| 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 50天的宝宝边吃奶边哭怎么回事| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 深夜精品福利| 亚洲av成人精品一二三区| 国产1区2区3区精品| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| av有码第一页| 极品人妻少妇av视频| 美国免费a级毛片| 日本91视频免费播放| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 精品久久久久久电影网| 男人爽女人下面视频在线观看| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 人人妻人人添人人爽欧美一区卜| 蜜桃国产av成人99| www.av在线官网国产| 欧美日韩福利视频一区二区| 国产在视频线精品| 搡老岳熟女国产| 大话2 男鬼变身卡| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 啦啦啦啦在线视频资源| 99精国产麻豆久久婷婷| 成人国语在线视频| 秋霞在线观看毛片| 亚洲中文av在线| 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 久久久久网色| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 麻豆av在线久日| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 欧美国产精品一级二级三级| 一本综合久久免费| 亚洲精品国产av蜜桃| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 80岁老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 久久久精品免费免费高清| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 午夜福利乱码中文字幕| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 一级,二级,三级黄色视频| 精品国产一区二区久久| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品不卡| 亚洲成人手机| 国产日韩欧美视频二区| 丝袜喷水一区| 成年人免费黄色播放视频| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 中文字幕色久视频| 好男人视频免费观看在线| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 国产成人啪精品午夜网站| 亚洲精品成人av观看孕妇| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 99热国产这里只有精品6| 亚洲国产最新在线播放| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免| 婷婷色麻豆天堂久久| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 久久久久久久大尺度免费视频| 老司机影院毛片| 亚洲精品乱久久久久久| 老司机深夜福利视频在线观看 | 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频 | 亚洲中文av在线| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区 | 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 中文字幕高清在线视频| 午夜福利乱码中文字幕| 少妇人妻 视频| 一本综合久久免费| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索 | 国产在线视频一区二区| 18禁裸乳无遮挡动漫免费视频| 久久久久久久精品精品| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网 | 中文字幕色久视频| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 国产福利在线免费观看视频| xxxhd国产人妻xxx| 男人添女人高潮全过程视频| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 一本综合久久免费| 99国产精品免费福利视频| 亚洲国产av新网站| 在线观看www视频免费| 亚洲成色77777| 日韩av免费高清视频| 久久精品久久久久久久性| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 搡老乐熟女国产| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| 99久久综合免费| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 久久99精品国语久久久| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 亚洲激情五月婷婷啪啪| 精品国产国语对白av| 午夜福利乱码中文字幕| 观看av在线不卡| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 国产成人一区二区在线| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 国产亚洲欧美在线一区二区| 中文字幕最新亚洲高清| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| 午夜日韩欧美国产| 80岁老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 久久久久国产精品人妻一区二区| 欧美激情高清一区二区三区| 一区二区三区四区激情视频| 国产午夜精品一二区理论片| 少妇人妻 视频| 一级黄色大片毛片| 免费女性裸体啪啪无遮挡网站| 最新美女视频免费是黄的| 此物有八面人人有两片| 国产亚洲av嫩草精品影院| 欧美日本视频| 欧美激情 高清一区二区三区| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 老司机午夜福利在线观看视频| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 亚洲av电影不卡..在线观看| 精品人妻1区二区| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看 | 中文字幕久久专区| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 国产亚洲欧美98| 久久香蕉精品热| 香蕉丝袜av| 久久人妻av系列| 亚洲自拍偷在线| 久久性视频一级片| 手机成人av网站| 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看| 校园春色视频在线观看| 99国产极品粉嫩在线观看| 久久精品91无色码中文字幕| 熟妇人妻久久中文字幕3abv| 欧美性猛交黑人性爽| 高清在线国产一区| 午夜福利欧美成人| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 午夜免费激情av| 国产伦在线观看视频一区| 国产成年人精品一区二区| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 丝袜在线中文字幕| 高清毛片免费观看视频网站| 国产乱人伦免费视频| av有码第一页| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 在线观看日韩欧美| 久久精品91蜜桃| 黄频高清免费视频| 精品国产国语对白av| 精品乱码久久久久久99久播| www.精华液| 男人舔奶头视频| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频 | 国产一区在线观看成人免费| 在线看三级毛片| 成年版毛片免费区| av欧美777| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 国产单亲对白刺激| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av| 亚洲av美国av| 在线观看免费午夜福利视频| 国产片内射在线| 午夜视频精品福利| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 制服诱惑二区| 国内久久婷婷六月综合欲色啪| 国产免费男女视频| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 成人午夜高清在线视频 | 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 一个人观看的视频www高清免费观看 | 母亲3免费完整高清在线观看| 日本在线视频免费播放| 午夜两性在线视频| 国产三级黄色录像| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看| 久久人人精品亚洲av| 久久九九热精品免费| 曰老女人黄片| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 在线国产一区二区在线| 色综合站精品国产| 啦啦啦韩国在线观看视频| 国产精品久久久人人做人人爽| 性欧美人与动物交配| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 一夜夜www| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 88av欧美| 黄片播放在线免费| 久久中文看片网| 校园春色视频在线观看| 午夜福利欧美成人| 成人三级做爰电影| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆 | 999精品在线视频| 久久精品91无色码中文字幕| 国产精品98久久久久久宅男小说| 免费人成视频x8x8入口观看| 日韩精品中文字幕看吧| 18禁美女被吸乳视频| 9191精品国产免费久久| 亚洲狠狠婷婷综合久久图片| 亚洲国产欧美网| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 91老司机精品| 久久久久久久久久黄片| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 岛国视频午夜一区免费看| √禁漫天堂资源中文www| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 成人国语在线视频| 久久国产乱子伦精品免费另类| 午夜老司机福利片| 91字幕亚洲| 久久九九热精品免费| 麻豆成人av在线观看| 国产成人精品无人区| 国产伦在线观看视频一区| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 国内精品久久久久精免费| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 亚洲第一av免费看| 亚洲第一欧美日韩一区二区三区| 美女免费视频网站| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 女人高潮潮喷娇喘18禁视频| 国产97色在线日韩免费| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| www国产在线视频色| 国产av在哪里看| 热99re8久久精品国产| ponron亚洲| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看| 18美女黄网站色大片免费观看| 色老头精品视频在线观看| 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 91成年电影在线观看| 999精品在线视频| 亚洲国产精品成人综合色| 欧美 亚洲 国产 日韩一| av在线天堂中文字幕| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 久久久精品欧美日韩精品| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频| av有码第一页| 在线国产一区二区在线| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 精品国产国语对白av| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 亚洲 欧美一区二区三区| av欧美777| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 看黄色毛片网站| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 久久久久久久精品吃奶| 9191精品国产免费久久| 久久久久久久久久黄片| 国产区一区二久久| 午夜两性在线视频| 国产精品自产拍在线观看55亚洲| av片东京热男人的天堂| 曰老女人黄片| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 国产午夜福利久久久久久| 日韩欧美免费精品| 亚洲人成网站高清观看| 91成人精品电影| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| ponron亚洲| 一级片免费观看大全| 在线国产一区二区在线| 免费av毛片视频| aaaaa片日本免费| 日韩欧美 国产精品| 中文字幕人妻熟女乱码| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人| 久久精品人妻少妇| а√天堂www在线а√下载| 欧美绝顶高潮抽搐喷水| cao死你这个sao货| 国产精品免费视频内射| 久久精品91无色码中文字幕| 亚洲精品在线美女| av福利片在线| 2021天堂中文幕一二区在线观 | 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 校园春色视频在线观看| 国产一卡二卡三卡精品| 看免费av毛片| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看| 国产伦在线观看视频一区| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av| 在线观看午夜福利视频| 国产成人欧美| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 精品久久久久久久久久免费视频| 国产成年人精品一区二区| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人| 亚洲狠狠婷婷综合久久图片| 亚洲最大成人中文| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 身体一侧抽搐| 国产真实乱freesex| 熟女电影av网| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av| 非洲黑人性xxxx精品又粗又长| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 97碰自拍视频| 99久久国产精品久久久| 久久久久久人人人人人| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| 最近最新免费中文字幕在线| 岛国在线观看网站| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| a级毛片a级免费在线| 免费在线观看日本一区| 亚洲熟妇中文字幕五十中出| 亚洲在线自拍视频| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 亚洲国产中文字幕在线视频| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| 国产精品免费视频内射| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 亚洲va日本ⅴa欧美va伊人久久| 国产精品自产拍在线观看55亚洲| 国产99久久九九免费精品| 亚洲国产看品久久| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3 | 久99久视频精品免费| 欧美又色又爽又黄视频| 校园春色视频在线观看| 天堂动漫精品| 香蕉久久夜色| 1024视频免费在线观看| 久久久久久人人人人人| 免费看日本二区| 久久婷婷人人爽人人干人人爱| 亚洲在线自拍视频| 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 欧美不卡视频在线免费观看 | 日韩大尺度精品在线看网址| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 白带黄色成豆腐渣| 欧美色视频一区免费| 日本五十路高清| 精品久久久久久成人av| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 淫妇啪啪啪对白视频| 亚洲熟妇中文字幕五十中出| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 最近最新免费中文字幕在线| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| 少妇的丰满在线观看| 精品国产美女av久久久久小说| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 搡老妇女老女人老熟妇| 熟女电影av网| 免费在线观看成人毛片| 一区二区日韩欧美中文字幕| 人妻丰满熟妇av一区二区三区| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 真人一进一出gif抽搐免费| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 满18在线观看网站| 国产亚洲精品av在线| 色综合站精品国产| 丁香六月欧美| 黄色视频不卡| xxx96com| 国产成年人精品一区二区| 国产精品永久免费网站| 久久久久亚洲av毛片大全| 国产精品美女特级片免费视频播放器 | 在线免费观看的www视频| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 国产高清激情床上av| 国产v大片淫在线免费观看| 成人三级黄色视频| 国产单亲对白刺激| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 午夜福利18| 在线av久久热| 村上凉子中文字幕在线| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 中文亚洲av片在线观看爽| 午夜福利在线观看吧| 精品福利观看| 亚洲精华国产精华精| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 色播亚洲综合网| 免费无遮挡裸体视频| 男女视频在线观看网站免费 | 国产黄片美女视频| 国产精品久久视频播放| 国产精品一区二区精品视频观看| a级毛片在线看网站| 少妇 在线观看| 久久久久九九精品影院| 亚洲国产高清在线一区二区三 | 午夜免费鲁丝| 国产一区二区在线av高清观看| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| videosex国产| 亚洲国产欧美网| av在线天堂中文字幕| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 欧美人与性动交α欧美精品济南到| 一级a爱片免费观看的视频| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看| av在线天堂中文字幕| 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| 桃色一区二区三区在线观看| 国产精品免费一区二区三区在线| av电影中文网址| 久久久久九九精品影院| 无遮挡黄片免费观看| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3 | 成人一区二区视频在线观看| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 国产久久久一区二区三区| videosex国产| 女同久久另类99精品国产91| 国产亚洲欧美98| 久久久久久久久久黄片| 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲| 一本一本综合久久| 99re在线观看精品视频| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频| 日本 欧美在线| 亚洲 国产 在线| 在线播放国产精品三级| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 麻豆成人av在线观看| 国产视频内射| 99精品欧美一区二区三区四区| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 亚洲国产看品久久| 一区二区三区国产精品乱码| 免费看十八禁软件| 亚洲自拍偷在线| 50天的宝宝边吃奶边哭怎么回事| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 亚洲全国av大片| 国产片内射在线| 听说在线观看完整版免费高清| 一区二区三区激情视频| 99久久综合精品五月天人人| 久久久水蜜桃国产精品网| 午夜激情av网站| 亚洲五月婷婷丁香| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| 国产视频内射| 美女午夜性视频免费| 日本一本二区三区精品| 女生性感内裤真人,穿戴方法视频| 欧美日本视频| 免费女性裸体啪啪无遮挡网站| 手机成人av网站| 日韩高清综合在线| 欧美一区二区精品小视频在线| 午夜成年电影在线免费观看| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2 | 亚洲美女黄片视频| 99热这里只有精品一区 | 夜夜夜夜夜久久久久| 国产不卡一卡二| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 青草久久国产| 日韩精品免费视频一区二区三区| 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 国产又爽黄色视频| 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| 国产精华一区二区三区| 精华霜和精华液先用哪个| 国产1区2区3区精品| 一本久久中文字幕| 中文字幕人成人乱码亚洲影| 一区二区三区国产精品乱码| 91国产中文字幕| 国产一区在线观看成人免费| 人人妻人人看人人澡| 给我免费播放毛片高清在线观看| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜 | 久久久水蜜桃国产精品网| 黄色成人免费大全| 国产单亲对白刺激| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 夜夜看夜夜爽夜夜摸| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女| 亚洲国产高清在线一区二区三 | 波多野结衣av一区二区av| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说|