抓住規(guī)律，有的放矢

羅麗雯

英語聽說考試在廣東已實行三年，雖然這一考試是以考生“輸出”的“口語”為評分點，但聽說考試，“聽”與“說”同樣重要，如果考生的“輸入”即聽力不過關，無疑容易止步于角色扮演的翻譯部分。而從整份聽說考試難度分布來看，難點恰恰是角色扮演這一部分。“五答”的答案點是唯一的，沒有抓到有效信息則無法回答，因此，這一部分往往成為阻礙考生得到高分的難點。

但分析這幾年的高考題，我們還是能找到一些規(guī)律，幫助考生在聽錄音時更好地抓住要點，提高得分率。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，角色扮演部分有以下幾個?？键c。

考點一：時間、地點、數(shù)字

在聽說考試中，此三種信息依然考得最多，特別是數(shù)字（包含了年齡、金額、時間等）。2011年6套高考題中考查數(shù)字、時間、地點的就有8道題，2012年5套高考題中有12道，2013年有4道。

[例1]考時間（2011年B套）

錄音：

M： It is very important to set up a regular program like planning a few minutes every morning around the breakfast time.

W： But I have been learning Spanish for four years， and I havent become a good speaker of it.

M： We cant become fluent speakers in the matter of a few minute hearing that. We should follow a regular course of study.

問題：How long has the woman been learning Spanish？

答案：（She has been learning Spanish for）4 years.

[例2]考日期（2012年F套）

錄音：

W：What job are you applying for？

M： Im applying for the job of a salesman at the bookstore.

W：Oh， how did the interview go？

M：I think I did well. The man just said he would make a decision by Friday.

問題：When will the manager make a decision？

答案：（He will make a decision）by Friday.

[例3]考地點（2012年C套）

錄音：

W： Doctor Brown， do you have the book Sunset？

M： Yes， why do you ask， Mary？

W： Could I borrow it？ Ive been wanting to read it for a long time. Last Saturday， I went to the biggest bookstore in town， only to find that it had been sold out.

問題：Where did you go last Saturday？

答案：I went to the biggest bookstore in town.

[例4]考數(shù)字（2013年B套）

錄音：

W： Hi， Tom. You look worried.

M： Im having trouble with my work.

W： Whats the trouble？

M： Uh... Im in charge of a team， working with five other people on a project. But we are not very productive.

問題：How many people do you need to work with？

答案：5 people.

從前三年考點分布來看，有一半的題目是考“時間”和“地點”，特別是“時間”。而且這類考點大多出現(xiàn)在第一部分對話，對話只讀一次，速度相對較快，不少考生覺得還沒反應過來，對話已經結束了。所以在準備時，考生除了根據(jù)中文概要對內容進行預測外，還要盡快進入狀態(tài)，聽錄音時把精力集中于聽，當聽到數(shù)字和地點時迅速記錄。此部分的內容一般對應“五答”的前兩問，記下數(shù)字或地點一般都能答對一個問題。

這類信息一般不會對考生形成太大障礙，特別是數(shù)字信息。因為多數(shù)是直接提問文中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字，暫無考查考生的“加減”等運算能力，考生只要能抓住文中出現(xiàn)的信息，都可以直接答對問題。

但是考生在回答時依然得謹慎，比如數(shù)字 “十幾和幾十”，這兩種數(shù)字的發(fā)音，考生容易忽視，結果就是將兩種數(shù)字回答顛倒導致失分。

考點二：邏輯關系

對話中的轉折、遞進、因果等關系是聽說考試的熱門考點之一。此種信息一般出現(xiàn)在三個翻譯之后的回答之中。2011年至2013年總共考了9道題，其中2011年與2013年各有4題，2012年有1題。

[例5]轉折關系（2011年E套）endprint

錄音：We generally dont care much about clothes， some are quite proud that they find their clothes in second-hand shops. I guess this is mainly because in England what really matters is not clothes but background.

問題：What is really important in England？

答案：（In England what really matters is）background.

[例6]遞進關系（2012年A套）

錄音：My teacher also advises me to do so，but I just dont know how to say it to them. I feel its too direct to tell them they shouldnt behave that way. We Chinese people are always saying that “one should save face for others.” Whats more， sometimes they help me with my study. Im very grateful to them.

問題：Why is Jean grateful to her roommates？

答案：Because they help her with her study.

[例7]因果關系（2013年A套）

錄音：Students need to be creative because thats the key to success in the future. The purpose of learning is not about knowing knowledge but putting knowledge into practice.

問題：Why do students need to be creative？

答案：Because thats the key to success.

三個翻譯之后給出的回答信息相對較多，考生聽完之后不知道要記錄下什么信息。通過分析可知，當答語中出現(xiàn)“but， except， besides，whats more， because”等時，其后面的內容很可能是考點。例如2013年A，D兩份考題對于遞進、因果關系的考查的比重較大，考生如能抓住這一規(guī)律，即能夠在長篇的回答中找到關鍵的信息點，而不至于無的放矢。

考點三：最高級或序數(shù)詞

此類信息，特別是序數(shù)詞，可以看成是“數(shù)字”信息的近親，比如“the first one to do sth.” “第一個做某事的人”等，因此也是常考信息之一。2011年考查了2道題目，2012年考查了3道題目。

[例8]序數(shù)詞（2011年E套）

錄音：In fact， we love new cars. In England， people care much about the first letter of their car number.

問題：What do English people care about their cars？

答案：In England， people care much about the first letter of their car number.

[例9]序數(shù)詞（2012年A套）

錄音：Well， he tells me to make a suggestion of taking turns to clean the dormitory. He says I should be the first one in turn， and then maybe they will accept this idea. But if this does not work out， he says I can have a heart-to-heart， friend-to-friend talk with them.

問題：Who does the teacher advise to clean the dormitory first？

答案：Jane.

考點四：重復出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)

細節(jié)考點，有時可能只有一兩個詞，為了讓考生能關注到這一考點，錄音會在前后兩句重復出現(xiàn)這一信息，這種類型2012年考查了4道題目，2013年考查了2道題目。

[例10] （2013年C套）

錄音：

M： Tell me， Mary， what sports do you play？

W： Im absolutely mad about tennis.

M： I love watching tennis matches.

問題：What sport is Mary crazy about？

答案：Tennis.

[例11]（2012年B套）

錄音：Teenagers are not mature enough to drive carefully， especially when they are driving together. I mean， they speed， they ride for pleasure， and they drive around town while after midnight. What is more， who really needs a car when a bike can work？ I mean， life was different when I was your age. In fact， I used to go to school by bike.

問題：How did your father go to school when he was young？

答案：By bike.

[例12]（2013年A套）

錄音：

W：We know you are giving a new course this year. What is it about？

M：Im just giving a three-month course on the classroom of the future and the use of new technologies in the classroom.

W： How will a classroom develop in the future？

M：The future classroom will heavily depend upon new technology. But its still related to a traditional education. My course introduces what education experts think about the future classroom.

問題1：How long is Dr. Browns course？

答案：Three months.（注：考查數(shù)字）

問題2：What will the future classroom depend on？

答案：New technology. （注：題干的關鍵詞the future和答案new technology在對話中重復出現(xiàn)）

所以考生在聽錄音時，如果聽到重復的細節(jié)，注意記錄下來。

以上四種類型的信息點是近年?？键c，考生在練習聽力時，如若心中有數(shù)則能做到有的放矢，避免記錄太多冗余信息，忽略了?？夹畔ⅰ４送?，考生還要注意養(yǎng)成用簡要方式記筆記的習慣，為更好地完成聽說考試作好準備。

（作者單位：汕頭市下蓬中學）

責任編校 蔣小青endprint

錄音：We generally dont care much about clothes， some are quite proud that they find their clothes in second-hand shops. I guess this is mainly because in England what really matters is not clothes but background.

問題：What is really important in England？

答案：（In England what really matters is）background.

[例6]遞進關系（2012年A套）

錄音：My teacher also advises me to do so，but I just dont know how to say it to them. I feel its too direct to tell them they shouldnt behave that way. We Chinese people are always saying that “one should save face for others.” Whats more， sometimes they help me with my study. Im very grateful to them.

問題：Why is Jean grateful to her roommates？

答案：Because they help her with her study.

[例7]因果關系（2013年A套）

錄音：Students need to be creative because thats the key to success in the future. The purpose of learning is not about knowing knowledge but putting knowledge into practice.

問題：Why do students need to be creative？

答案：Because thats the key to success.

三個翻譯之后給出的回答信息相對較多，考生聽完之后不知道要記錄下什么信息。通過分析可知，當答語中出現(xiàn)“but， except， besides，whats more， because”等時，其后面的內容很可能是考點。例如2013年A，D兩份考題對于遞進、因果關系的考查的比重較大，考生如能抓住這一規(guī)律，即能夠在長篇的回答中找到關鍵的信息點，而不至于無的放矢。

考點三：最高級或序數(shù)詞

此類信息，特別是序數(shù)詞，可以看成是“數(shù)字”信息的近親，比如“the first one to do sth.” “第一個做某事的人”等，因此也是?？夹畔⒅?。2011年考查了2道題目，2012年考查了3道題目。

[例8]序數(shù)詞（2011年E套）

錄音：In fact， we love new cars. In England， people care much about the first letter of their car number.

問題：What do English people care about their cars？

答案：In England， people care much about the first letter of their car number.

[例9]序數(shù)詞（2012年A套）

錄音：Well， he tells me to make a suggestion of taking turns to clean the dormitory. He says I should be the first one in turn， and then maybe they will accept this idea. But if this does not work out， he says I can have a heart-to-heart， friend-to-friend talk with them.

問題：Who does the teacher advise to clean the dormitory first？

答案：Jane.

考點四：重復出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)

細節(jié)考點，有時可能只有一兩個詞，為了讓考生能關注到這一考點，錄音會在前后兩句重復出現(xiàn)這一信息，這種類型2012年考查了4道題目，2013年考查了2道題目。

[例10] （2013年C套）

錄音：

M： Tell me， Mary， what sports do you play？

W： Im absolutely mad about tennis.

M： I love watching tennis matches.

問題：What sport is Mary crazy about？

答案：Tennis.

[例11]（2012年B套）

錄音：Teenagers are not mature enough to drive carefully， especially when they are driving together. I mean， they speed， they ride for pleasure， and they drive around town while after midnight. What is more， who really needs a car when a bike can work？ I mean， life was different when I was your age. In fact， I used to go to school by bike.

問題：How did your father go to school when he was young？

答案：By bike.

[例12]（2013年A套）

錄音：

W：We know you are giving a new course this year. What is it about？

M：Im just giving a three-month course on the classroom of the future and the use of new technologies in the classroom.

W： How will a classroom develop in the future？

M：The future classroom will heavily depend upon new technology. But its still related to a traditional education. My course introduces what education experts think about the future classroom.

問題1：How long is Dr. Browns course？

答案：Three months.（注：考查數(shù)字）

問題2：What will the future classroom depend on？

答案：New technology. （注：題干的關鍵詞the future和答案new technology在對話中重復出現(xiàn)）

所以考生在聽錄音時，如果聽到重復的細節(jié)，注意記錄下來。

以上四種類型的信息點是近年?？键c，考生在練習聽力時，如若心中有數(shù)則能做到有的放矢，避免記錄太多冗余信息，忽略了?？夹畔?。此外，考生還要注意養(yǎng)成用簡要方式記筆記的習慣，為更好地完成聽說考試作好準備。

（作者單位：汕頭市下蓬中學）

責任編校 蔣小青endprint

錄音：We generally dont care much about clothes， some are quite proud that they find their clothes in second-hand shops. I guess this is mainly because in England what really matters is not clothes but background.

問題：What is really important in England？

答案：（In England what really matters is）background.

[例6]遞進關系（2012年A套）

錄音：My teacher also advises me to do so，but I just dont know how to say it to them. I feel its too direct to tell them they shouldnt behave that way. We Chinese people are always saying that “one should save face for others.” Whats more， sometimes they help me with my study. Im very grateful to them.

問題：Why is Jean grateful to her roommates？

答案：Because they help her with her study.

[例7]因果關系（2013年A套）

錄音：Students need to be creative because thats the key to success in the future. The purpose of learning is not about knowing knowledge but putting knowledge into practice.

問題：Why do students need to be creative？

答案：Because thats the key to success.

三個翻譯之后給出的回答信息相對較多，考生聽完之后不知道要記錄下什么信息。通過分析可知，當答語中出現(xiàn)“but， except， besides，whats more， because”等時，其后面的內容很可能是考點。例如2013年A，D兩份考題對于遞進、因果關系的考查的比重較大，考生如能抓住這一規(guī)律，即能夠在長篇的回答中找到關鍵的信息點，而不至于無的放矢。

考點三：最高級或序數(shù)詞

此類信息，特別是序數(shù)詞，可以看成是“數(shù)字”信息的近親，比如“the first one to do sth.” “第一個做某事的人”等，因此也是常考信息之一。2011年考查了2道題目，2012年考查了3道題目。

[例8]序數(shù)詞（2011年E套）

錄音：In fact， we love new cars. In England， people care much about the first letter of their car number.

問題：What do English people care about their cars？

答案：In England， people care much about the first letter of their car number.

[例9]序數(shù)詞（2012年A套）

錄音：Well， he tells me to make a suggestion of taking turns to clean the dormitory. He says I should be the first one in turn， and then maybe they will accept this idea. But if this does not work out， he says I can have a heart-to-heart， friend-to-friend talk with them.

問題：Who does the teacher advise to clean the dormitory first？

答案：Jane.

考點四：重復出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)

細節(jié)考點，有時可能只有一兩個詞，為了讓考生能關注到這一考點，錄音會在前后兩句重復出現(xiàn)這一信息，這種類型2012年考查了4道題目，2013年考查了2道題目。

[例10] （2013年C套）

錄音：

M： Tell me， Mary， what sports do you play？

W： Im absolutely mad about tennis.

M： I love watching tennis matches.

問題：What sport is Mary crazy about？

答案：Tennis.

[例11]（2012年B套）

錄音：Teenagers are not mature enough to drive carefully， especially when they are driving together. I mean， they speed， they ride for pleasure， and they drive around town while after midnight. What is more， who really needs a car when a bike can work？ I mean， life was different when I was your age. In fact， I used to go to school by bike.

問題：How did your father go to school when he was young？

答案：By bike.

[例12]（2013年A套）

錄音：

W：We know you are giving a new course this year. What is it about？

M：Im just giving a three-month course on the classroom of the future and the use of new technologies in the classroom.

W： How will a classroom develop in the future？

M：The future classroom will heavily depend upon new technology. But its still related to a traditional education. My course introduces what education experts think about the future classroom.

問題1：How long is Dr. Browns course？

答案：Three months.（注：考查數(shù)字）

問題2：What will the future classroom depend on？

答案：New technology. （注：題干的關鍵詞the future和答案new technology在對話中重復出現(xiàn)）

所以考生在聽錄音時，如果聽到重復的細節(jié)，注意記錄下來。

以上四種類型的信息點是近年?？键c，考生在練習聽力時，如若心中有數(shù)則能做到有的放矢，避免記錄太多冗余信息，忽略了常考信息。此外，考生還要注意養(yǎng)成用簡要方式記筆記的習慣，為更好地完成聽說考試作好準備。

（作者單位：汕頭市下蓬中學）

責任編校 蔣小青endprint