李義啟
一、語法填空究竟考什么?
筆者通過仔細研讀2013年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(廣東卷)英語試題,我們發(fā)現,語法填空題主要考兩方面的內容:
一是語法,二是上下文的連貫性,而且語法是重點。它主要考查考生對高中英語大綱要求的基本語法知識、詞匯、習語和較為簡單的英語表達方式的掌握情況。
語法填空共10小題,每小題1.5分,滿分15分。它以語篇為載體,考查考生的語法和詞匯知識。文章長約200個詞,平均設空密度約為15詞一空,基本不影響對語境的把握,要求根據上下文意思填入恰當的具一定語法功能的詞。與完形填空題不同,完形填空題側重考查語篇能力,而語法填空側重考查的是語境加語法,而語法又占據了關鍵性的地位。詞匯的考查涉及動詞、代詞、連詞、冠詞、介詞、形容詞和副詞等。語法項目則包括非謂語動詞、定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句、并列句、系表結構等。每個空格應該以語法為單位,不一定只填一個詞(特別是謂語動詞或非謂語動詞形式),除謂語或非謂語動詞及派生詞給出提示詞外,其他空均不給提示詞。
二、命題探秘
1. 語法填空的短文特點。
結論:(1)短文材料的體裁年年都是記敘文;(2)長度在200個詞左右。
2. 語法填空的考查內容。
近四年高考具體考查項目詳見下表:
結論:(1)給出提示詞:包括動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、詞類詞義轉換等,解題時只需根據情況變化詞形。從最近四年的高考題來看,這類題都是4個小題。
(2)沒有提示詞:主要是要求考生填連詞(包括主從復合句和并列成分的連詞)、冠詞、介詞、代詞(包括人稱代詞和不定代詞等)等。
3. 語法填空的設題規(guī)律。
由以上表格可知命題有以下規(guī)律可循:
“純空格題”一般設6個小題,且四年來主要考查代詞、冠詞、關聯詞、介詞等四類詞,2013年還考查了一道疑問詞,具體分布為:
(1)代詞:0-2題;
(2)冠詞:1題;
(3)關聯詞:2-3題;
(4)介詞:1-2題。
(5)其它(如疑問詞):0-1題
有提示詞的題,即“用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空”,這類題一般設4題。
必考點是:
(1)謂語動詞(時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致): 1題;
(2)非謂語動詞:1題;
(3)冠詞:1題;
(4)詞類轉換:1-2題。
答案特點:
1. 純空格題:一個小題或者說一個空格只能填一個英語單詞。
2. 用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空:四年高考題的答案是填一個或兩個英語單詞。
溫馨提示:當所填詞位于句首時,第一個字母要大寫。
三、解題技巧
1. 純空格題的解題技巧。
純空格題是指“在空格處填入一個適當的詞”這類題,這類題主要考查代詞、冠詞、關聯詞和介詞。那么什么情況下填這類詞呢?
2. 給詞題的解題技巧。
給詞題是指“使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空”這類題,通??疾橹^語動詞(時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、詞類轉化等四種情況。
四、備考策略
(1)夯實基礎,學好語法。英語的基礎知識瑣碎繁雜,不是一朝一夕就能掌握的,它要求我們平時多聽、多讀、多記,夯實自己的基礎知識;尤其高三很有必要把高中三年所學語法知識系統(tǒng)梳理一遍。同時還要堅定不移地加強語法的學習,尤其是對于長句、難句、復雜句的分析。只有這樣,才能為綜合能力的提高打下堅實的基礎。
(2)不斷記憶,積累詞匯。語法填空題對單詞提出了比以前更高的要求,它不但要求考生認識單詞,還要求能寫出帶有某種要求的單詞。這就要求考生平時不斷地記憶單詞,不斷地積累詞匯,千方百計地把我們的詞匯量提高上去??荚嚂r才能隨心如愿地拼寫出所需單詞,填出固定搭配。
(3)大聲朗讀,培養(yǎng)語感。語感是一種對語言、語段或詞句的感受能力,是一種看不見摸不著的東西,但在解題時又是必不可少的東西。嫻熟的語感的形成不是一蹴而就的,要在平時的學習過程中多積累輸入,尤其是大聲朗讀猶為重要。在早讀或晚讀時間,拋開顧忌,大聲朗讀,對培養(yǎng)語感是非常重要的。如果通過朗讀能夠多背誦一些課文、名言佳句是再好不過的了。語感會在朗讀和背誦課文的過程中,不知不覺地逐步形成。
(4)堅持不懈,多做練習。語法填空在高考中占了不少比例,非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段時間要大量練習這種題型,只有堅持練習,不斷總結,不斷提高,高考時才能處變不驚,輕松應對。
總之,“冰凍三尺,非一日之寒?!眰淇颊Z法填空題,平時既要積累扎實的基本功,又要掌握一定的解題技巧。只有這樣,在高考中我們才能旗開得勝。
五、即時練習
閱讀下面短文,根據上下文填入一個適當的詞,或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空。
(一)
Fifteen years ago, the Internet was unheard of by most people. Today, the Internet is one of the____1____powerful tools throughout the world. The Internet is a____2____(collect)of various services and resources.
Many fear the Internet because of its disadvantage. They claim(主張)not to use the Internet because they are____3____(simple)not interested or are afraid of the possible consequences . Children using the Internet has become____4____big concern.____5____children talk to others online,they do not realize they could actually be talking to a person who may harm____6____later. There are many examples that children have been convinced to meet people they have talked with online.endprint
The most common thing the Internet is used____7____is research. Children and students are among the top ones____8____use the Internet for research. Today,it is almost required that students use the Internet for research.____9____popular thing to do on the Internet is____10____(check)out the news. Almost all-local news can be got through the Internet.
(二)
Besides their habit of changing addresses,Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commutes to work____1____(day). Their jobs may even require them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide____2____annual vacation for their employees,and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states.
3____go on low-budget weekend excursions and stay in economy motels. Those____4____more expensive tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Camping out in the great outdoors appeals____5____adventurous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles(RVs)to camp out in comfort,____6____others“rough it”by sleeping in tents.
Most Americans prefer to travel within their nations borders. Why?For one thing,its cheaper than____7____(travel) abroad,and theres no language problem. But____8____that,the vast American territory offers____9____(number)tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches,mountains,canyons,lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. Major cities offer____ 10____
(visit)a multitude of urban delights. The convenience of modern freeways,railways and airplanes makes travel in America as easy as pie.
答案與解析
(一)
1. most 此處為powerful的最高級。
2. collection 本詞的前面有不定冠詞,后有of結構,構成a collection of 。
3. simply 此處缺乏副詞。
4. a 此處為不定冠詞。
5. When 時間狀語從句。
6. them 填代詞they的賓格。
7. for 固定詞組 be used for。
8. who 定語從句指代人,作從句的主語。
9. Another 從上文理解可看出此處為另外一件受歡迎的事。
10. (to) check 動詞不定式作表語,前面有do, 可以省略to。
(二)
1. daily 每天地,副詞。
2. an 每年一度的假期。
3. Others 代詞,前面已經出現了some。
4. with 介詞,意思是“有”。
5. to 因appeal to是固定結構,表示“吸引”。
6. while 此處為轉折,“而”的意思。
7. traveling/to travel
8. besides 介詞,從前文看應該是除此之外,還有一個原因。
9. numerous 形容詞,意為“眾多的,許多的”。
10. visitors 為復數名詞,許多的游客。
(作者單位:廣州市47中學)
責任編校 蔣小青 陳陽春endprint
The most common thing the Internet is used____7____is research. Children and students are among the top ones____8____use the Internet for research. Today,it is almost required that students use the Internet for research.____9____popular thing to do on the Internet is____10____(check)out the news. Almost all-local news can be got through the Internet.
(二)
Besides their habit of changing addresses,Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commutes to work____1____(day). Their jobs may even require them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide____2____annual vacation for their employees,and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states.
3____go on low-budget weekend excursions and stay in economy motels. Those____4____more expensive tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Camping out in the great outdoors appeals____5____adventurous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles(RVs)to camp out in comfort,____6____others“rough it”by sleeping in tents.
Most Americans prefer to travel within their nations borders. Why?For one thing,its cheaper than____7____(travel) abroad,and theres no language problem. But____8____that,the vast American territory offers____9____(number)tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches,mountains,canyons,lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. Major cities offer____ 10____
(visit)a multitude of urban delights. The convenience of modern freeways,railways and airplanes makes travel in America as easy as pie.
答案與解析
(一)
1. most 此處為powerful的最高級。
2. collection 本詞的前面有不定冠詞,后有of結構,構成a collection of 。
3. simply 此處缺乏副詞。
4. a 此處為不定冠詞。
5. When 時間狀語從句。
6. them 填代詞they的賓格。
7. for 固定詞組 be used for。
8. who 定語從句指代人,作從句的主語。
9. Another 從上文理解可看出此處為另外一件受歡迎的事。
10. (to) check 動詞不定式作表語,前面有do, 可以省略to。
(二)
1. daily 每天地,副詞。
2. an 每年一度的假期。
3. Others 代詞,前面已經出現了some。
4. with 介詞,意思是“有”。
5. to 因appeal to是固定結構,表示“吸引”。
6. while 此處為轉折,“而”的意思。
7. traveling/to travel
8. besides 介詞,從前文看應該是除此之外,還有一個原因。
9. numerous 形容詞,意為“眾多的,許多的”。
10. visitors 為復數名詞,許多的游客。
(作者單位:廣州市47中學)
責任編校 蔣小青 陳陽春endprint
The most common thing the Internet is used____7____is research. Children and students are among the top ones____8____use the Internet for research. Today,it is almost required that students use the Internet for research.____9____popular thing to do on the Internet is____10____(check)out the news. Almost all-local news can be got through the Internet.
(二)
Besides their habit of changing addresses,Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commutes to work____1____(day). Their jobs may even require them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide____2____annual vacation for their employees,and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states.
3____go on low-budget weekend excursions and stay in economy motels. Those____4____more expensive tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Camping out in the great outdoors appeals____5____adventurous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles(RVs)to camp out in comfort,____6____others“rough it”by sleeping in tents.
Most Americans prefer to travel within their nations borders. Why?For one thing,its cheaper than____7____(travel) abroad,and theres no language problem. But____8____that,the vast American territory offers____9____(number)tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches,mountains,canyons,lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. Major cities offer____ 10____
(visit)a multitude of urban delights. The convenience of modern freeways,railways and airplanes makes travel in America as easy as pie.
答案與解析
(一)
1. most 此處為powerful的最高級。
2. collection 本詞的前面有不定冠詞,后有of結構,構成a collection of 。
3. simply 此處缺乏副詞。
4. a 此處為不定冠詞。
5. When 時間狀語從句。
6. them 填代詞they的賓格。
7. for 固定詞組 be used for。
8. who 定語從句指代人,作從句的主語。
9. Another 從上文理解可看出此處為另外一件受歡迎的事。
10. (to) check 動詞不定式作表語,前面有do, 可以省略to。
(二)
1. daily 每天地,副詞。
2. an 每年一度的假期。
3. Others 代詞,前面已經出現了some。
4. with 介詞,意思是“有”。
5. to 因appeal to是固定結構,表示“吸引”。
6. while 此處為轉折,“而”的意思。
7. traveling/to travel
8. besides 介詞,從前文看應該是除此之外,還有一個原因。
9. numerous 形容詞,意為“眾多的,許多的”。
10. visitors 為復數名詞,許多的游客。
(作者單位:廣州市47中學)
責任編校 蔣小青 陳陽春endprint