陳佩文 陳欣林 趙勝 楊小紅
(湖北省婦幼保健院超聲診斷科,湖北武漢 430070)
“染色體核型正常的胎兒頸部透明帶增厚和嚴(yán)重的先天性心臟缺陷循證分析”點(diǎn)評(píng)
陳佩文 陳欣林 趙勝 楊小紅
(湖北省婦幼保健院超聲診斷科,湖北武漢 430070)
Objective To pool published data regarding the sensitivity and specificity of nuchal translucency(NT)in the diagnosis of major congenital heart defects(CHDs)in fetuses with normal karyotype.
Methods MEDLINE and Scopus searches using combinations of the terms‘nuchal’and‘cardiac’were complemented by perusal of references of the retrieved articles and an additional automated search using the‘search for related articles’function on Pub Med.Only fetuses with normal karyotype and major CHDs were analyzed.Weighted estimates were made and summary receiver-operating characteristics curves were constructed.
Results The analysis included 20 studies(205 232 fetuses;537 cases with major CHDs). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of NT>95th centile for diagnosis of major CHDs was 44.4%(95%CI,39.5~49.5)and 94.5%(95%CI,94.4~94.6),respectively.The pooled sensitivity and specificity of NT>99th centile was 19.5%(95%CI,15.9~23.5)and 99.1%(95%CI,99.1~99.2),respectively.For the subgroup of studies in which NT was measured by Fetal Medicine Foundation-certified operators,the pooled sensitivity and specificity of NT>95th centile was 45.6%(95%CI,39.6~51.7)and 94.7%(95% CI,94.6~94.9),respectively.The corresponding estimates for NT>99th centile were 21.0%(95% CI,16.5~26.1)and 99.2%(95%CI,99.2~99.3).The pooled positive likelihood ratio for NT>99th centile was 30.5(95%CI,24.3~38.6). There was high across-studies heterogeneity for most estimates.
Conclusion Approximately 44%of chromosomally normal fetuses with CHDs have NT>95th centile and 20%have NT>99th centile.However,there is high heterogeneity across studies,which largely remains even in subgroup analyses of studies of apparently similar design,potentially indicating the presence of some residual unidentified bias.
該文章2013年9月于《Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol》雜志的網(wǎng)上發(fā)表。在該研究中,作者通過在胎兒核型正常、頸部透明帶(NT)增厚、診斷為嚴(yán)重的先天性心臟缺陷(CHDs)的敏感性和特異性,對(duì)已發(fā)表數(shù)據(jù)的薈萃分析。主要內(nèi)容如下:
這是一項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)匯集的循證分析研究。作者應(yīng)用‘nuchal’and‘cardiac’的組合在MEDLINE和Scopus進(jìn)行搜查,輔之以檢索文章的參考文獻(xiàn),并應(yīng)用Pub Med上的“搜索相關(guān)的文章”的功能。僅對(duì)胎兒正常核型及嚴(yán)重CHDs的進(jìn)行了分析。進(jìn)行加權(quán)評(píng)估,建立ROC曲線(受試者工作特征曲線)。
該分析包括20項(xiàng)研究(205 232個(gè)胎兒;537例有嚴(yán)重CHDs胎兒)。作者通過數(shù)據(jù)匯總,得出當(dāng)NT值>第95位百分位數(shù)診斷嚴(yán)重CHDs的敏感性和特異性為分別44.4%(95%可信區(qū)間為39.5~49.5)和94.5%(95%可信區(qū)間為94.4~94.6)。NT值>第99位百分位數(shù),診斷嚴(yán)重CHDs的敏感性和特異性為分別為19.5%(95%CI15.9~23.5)和99.1%(95%CI99.1~99.2)。其中由胎兒醫(yī)學(xué)基金會(huì)認(rèn)證的檢查者測(cè)量的NT值,NT值>第95位百分位數(shù),敏感性和特異性分別為45.6%(95%CI39.6~51.7)和94.7%(95%CI94.6~94.9)。相應(yīng)的NT值>第99位百分位數(shù)敏感性和特異性分別為21.0%(95%CI16.5~26.1)和99.2%(95%CI99.2~99.3)。陽性似然比為NT值>第99位百分位數(shù)為30.5(95%CI24.3~38.6)。對(duì)于大多數(shù)的評(píng)估結(jié)果具有極大的變異性。
由此作者認(rèn)為,染色體正常胎兒合并CHDs,約44%的其NT值>第95百分位數(shù),約20%的NT值>第99百分位數(shù)。然而在相似設(shè)計(jì)的不同研究分析,仍然存在很大程度的變異性,表明其中存在一些潛在、不確定的偏差。
有充分的證據(jù)表明,在胎兒染色體核型正常,頸部半透明層(NT)增厚與胎兒結(jié)構(gòu)異常的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加,最常見的先天性心臟缺陷(CHDs),嚴(yán)重先天性心臟結(jié)構(gòu)異常與NT增厚呈指數(shù)相關(guān)。在以前的薈萃分析中,NT值>第95位百分位數(shù)和>第99位百分位數(shù)可以預(yù)測(cè)37%和31%的嚴(yán)重的CHDs。在確診嚴(yán)重先天性心臟異常的四大胎兒超聲心動(dòng)圖匯總分析中心,NT值的增厚使CHDs早期診斷提早了約6周。由于已經(jīng)積累了大量的數(shù)據(jù),且NT測(cè)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化及更優(yōu)化,使我們?cè)谠性缙趯?duì)胎兒心臟解剖進(jìn)行仔細(xì)觀察,能更早的檢測(cè)嚴(yán)重CHDs。因此,這一薈萃分析的目的是更新的證據(jù),提示NT增厚和嚴(yán)重CHDs早孕期之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。指導(dǎo)我們?cè)谂R床中,早孕測(cè)量NT,更要關(guān)注胎兒的結(jié)構(gòu)。