非謂語動(dòng)詞之我見

張小青　單璇珺

【摘要】動(dòng)詞，英語學(xué)習(xí)中一種十分活躍的詞，當(dāng)其作謂語時(shí)，既反映了不同時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，又由于其主語的執(zhí)行與接受，而體現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)；然而動(dòng)詞還可作除謂語以外的其他任何語言成分--即非謂語，從而將非謂語動(dòng)詞to do/V-ing/V-pp的各種形式展現(xiàn)在我們面前。為了幫助學(xué)生正確使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)將學(xué)生使用中易混淆的知識(shí)列舉出來，以供參考。

【關(guān)鍵詞】非謂語 to do/ V-ing / V-pp

研究背景： 在如今的新課標(biāo)英語教學(xué)考試中，非謂語動(dòng)詞仍然是熱點(diǎn)聚焦，出現(xiàn)在單選、完型、改錯(cuò)、書面表達(dá)等試題中，對(duì)此很多同學(xué)因無法把握其語法現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律，從而導(dǎo)致答題的正確率較低。

1. 易混淆的謂語和非謂語

1. Joe won the 1st prize on Sunday and， tears rolling down his cheeks， it _______ a turning point for him.

A. called B.calling C.having called D.was called

注釋：此題答案為A ，（謂語）因加了"tears...cheeks" 而干擾了學(xué)生的選擇，且又因又忽略了并列連詞and誤判為非謂語的B

若此題變?yōu)?/p>

Joe won the 1st prize on Sunday， tears rolling down his cheeks，it _______a turning point for him.

則應(yīng)選B（非謂語）構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的B.

2. Whom would you rather _______ with your sister？

A. have gone B.have to do C.have go D.have going

注釋：此題答案為C，既考了謂語--would rather do sth.，又考了非謂語--have somebody do sth.

3. A senior official met with netizens on Tuesday， ______ them he used micro blogs to get information and communicate with the public.

A.told B.telling C.and telling D.to do

注釋：此題應(yīng)選B（非謂語）表伴隨動(dòng)作

若此題變?yōu)?/p>

① A senior official met with netizens on Tuesday，and ______ them he used micro blogs to get information and communicate with the public.

則應(yīng)選并列謂語A

② A senior official met with netizens on Tuesday ______ them he used micro blogs to get information and communicate with the public.

則選D作目的狀語

2.錯(cuò)將目的狀語當(dāng)做賓語用

1. The boy has been looking forward to _____ his present for a whole day， so now he's looing forward to _____ whether is father is back home.

A.see；seeing B.seeing；seeing C.seeing；see D.see；see

注釋：此答案為C，既考了look forward to表 期盼跟Ving作賓語， 又考了目的狀語look forward表我向前望去，以確定父親是否已經(jīng)回來。

2.Which do you prefer ______ your weekend， swimming or seeing a film？

A.spending B. to spend C.spend D.to have spent

注釋：此題考查不定式作目的狀語的用法。容易受prefer后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的影響而誤選A。prefer的賓語是which， to spend…是目的狀語。答案為B

3.The old professor told us that every part of the materials should be made use of _____ the station.

A.building B. Build C.to build D.being built

注釋：此答案為C，作目的狀語

3.外表形式似V-ing和V-pp，實(shí)則為形容詞

1. _______ a strange nose， the poor man， _______， ran out of the dark cave.

A. Heard；trembled and frightened B. Hearing；trembling and frightening

C.Having heard；trembled and frightening D. To hear；trembling and frightening

注釋：此答案為B Hearing 作原因狀語，trembling和frightened均為形容詞，分別表示發(fā)抖的和害怕的。

2.Mr Smith，______ of the _____ speech， started to read a novel

A. tired；boring B.tiring；bored C.tired；bored D.tiring；boring

注釋：此答案為A。 tired（疲倦的），boring （枯燥的）

3. I like teachers who are ______ and can laugh with their students.

A. amusing B.amused C.to amuse D.have amused

注釋：此答案為A. 句意為 我喜歡那些有趣的，并能和他們的學(xué)生一起笑的老師。amuse v. 意為娛樂 amusing adj. 使人感到有意思的，覺得好笑的 符合題意。

4. 詞性混用

1.When I turned to the person _____ next to me， I recognized that he was my schoolmate.

A. seating B.being sat C.sit D.seated

注釋：此答案為D. 考查分詞作后置定語的用法及詞語辨析。此處相當(dāng)于the person who is seated next to me，易誤選C， C 應(yīng)為sitting 才正確

2.The church _____ from the 18th century is under repair now.

A. dates B. to date C. dated D. dating

注釋：此答案為D 考察分詞作后置定語，此處相當(dāng)于 the church which dates from the 18th century.

若此題變?yōu)?/p>

The church ，which _____ from the 18th century， is under repair now.

A. dates B. to date C. dated D. dating

則答案為A 在非限制性定語從句中作謂語。

5. but 后的非謂語形式

1.Mike， keep calm. You have no choice but _____.

A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.to be waiting

注釋：此答案為B. 除了做...別無選擇 的表達(dá)如下

have nothing to do/do nothing but do

have no choice/choose nothing but to do

Have no alternative but to do

通過以上歸納，希望起到拋磚引玉的作用，提高解題的正確性。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]丁金海.高中英語語法新體驗(yàn)[M].武漢大學(xué)出版社，2009

[2]DeWitt H. Scott.高級(jí)實(shí)用英語 [M].外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2008

[3]劉增利.高三英語教材知識(shí)詳解[M]. 北京教育出版社，2006