筆者在高考備考過(guò)程中,使用“三步法(一審二譯三合并)”訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作,收到顯著的教學(xué)效果。這里談?wù)勎业囊恍w會(huì),希望有助于考生基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作的提高。
一、認(rèn)真審題
審題是基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作的第一步,審題需要針對(duì)基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作的具體內(nèi)容明確具體的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、要點(diǎn)、體裁,做到具體問(wèn)題具體分析。以2013年廣東高考基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作為例說(shuō)明如何審題。
基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作
你接受了一項(xiàng)任務(wù),要為英語(yǔ)校報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇時(shí)事快訊。
【寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容】
請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下信息,寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于移民火星的快訊。
志愿者的選拔
到2015年,在全世界選出約30名去火星的志愿者。
志愿者的條件
至少18歲;
做好不回地球的準(zhǔn)備;
愿與他人保持良好的關(guān)系。
專家觀點(diǎn)
火星生活條件太艱苦;
面臨嚴(yán)寒氣候、孤獨(dú)和恐懼。
志愿者觀點(diǎn)
厭倦地球生活、想體驗(yàn)火星生活;
如果成功,就是人類英雄。
本文是寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于征集移民火星志愿者的快訊,關(guān)于“志愿者的選拔”要用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài);“志愿者的條件、專家觀點(diǎn)、志愿者觀點(diǎn)”是陳述性內(nèi)容要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。本文用第三人稱?!皩?xiě)作內(nèi)容”是全部要點(diǎn)。體裁是時(shí)事快訊。
二、要點(diǎn)翻譯
要點(diǎn)翻譯是基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作的第二步,即把寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容中的要點(diǎn)逐一翻譯為英語(yǔ)句子。翻譯時(shí)要領(lǐng)悟各要點(diǎn)的內(nèi)涵意境,寫(xiě)出忠實(shí)于原文語(yǔ)境的英語(yǔ)句子,達(dá)到“神似”的翻譯效果。翻譯前務(wù)必先確定主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)然后選擇句型,這樣才可保證句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整。下面是筆者對(duì)2013年廣東高考基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作的要點(diǎn)翻譯:
(1)By 2015, about 30 volunteers for the immigration to the Mars will have been selected from all over the world.
(2)The volunteers are expected to be at least 18 years old.
(3)The volunteers are expected to face the fact that they cannot return to the earth.
(4)The volunteers are expected to keep good relationship with others.
(5) Some experts think that the life conditions on the Mars are very tough.
(6)The volunteers will have to face severe climate and loneliness as well as fear.
(7)The volunteers hold the idea that they are tired of the life on the earth and therefore want to experience the life on the life Mars.
(8)If successful, they will be the heroes of human beings.
三、句子合并
即把第二步要點(diǎn)翻譯中的全部英語(yǔ)句子按照一定的邏輯關(guān)系或按一定的先后順序合并為5個(gè)句子。分析寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容中各要點(diǎn)的聯(lián)系,運(yùn)用并列句、復(fù)合句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)把全部英語(yǔ)句子整合成為一篇只有5個(gè)句子的短文,同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,如并列關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等添加相應(yīng)的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ),如not only...but also...,either...or...;as a result,therefore,so,even,what’s more,besides,however等。上面8個(gè)句子的(2),(3),(4)3個(gè)句子是并列關(guān)系,可以整合為1個(gè)句子;用so...that 把(5),(6)兩個(gè)句子合并為1個(gè)句子;添加however表明轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。經(jīng)過(guò)這樣整合便是一篇只有5個(gè)句子的短文:
By 2015,about 30 volunteers for the immigration to the Mars will have been selected from all over the world. The volunteers are expected to be at least 18 years old,and to face the fact that they cannot return to the earth as well as to keep good relationship with others. Some experts think that the life conditions on the Mars are so tough that the volunteers will have to face severe climate and loneliness as well as fear. However,The volunteers hold the belief that they are tired of the life on the earth and therefore want to experience the life on the Mars .They also think that if successful , they will be the heroes of human beings.
以上“三步法”是筆者在高考備考過(guò)程中總結(jié)出來(lái)的方法,對(duì)提高考生基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作的能力大有裨益,考生們不妨一試。
(作者單位:揭陽(yáng)市惠來(lái)縣第一中學(xué))
責(zé)任編校 蔣小青