廣州南站

建筑師：TFP Farrells

地點：中國廣州

客戶：中國鐵道部

Architects: TFP Farrells

Location: Guangzhou, PRC

Client: Ministry of Railway, China

廣州南站地處珠江三角洲核心區(qū)域，位于廣州與佛山之間。綜合多式聯(lián)運基礎設施，廣州南站將服務其下游地區(qū)超過3億的人口。中國新高速鐵路網絡，主要由四個全新的交通重點構成，包括廣州南站、北京南站（亦由TFP Farrells設計，于2008年竣工）上海站和武漢站。廣州南站一期于2010年1月30日向公眾開放，這是一座世界級的交通樞紐，將中國四大城市跟香港和深圳直接連系。

廣州南站于2010年7月竣工，該站將成為世界上最大的火車站之一，規(guī)模約等于倫敦King’s Cross車站的三倍。除火車服務以外，廣州南站也是一個顯要的換乘站，連接其它交通模式，包括出租車、汽車、地鐵和公共汽車。至2030年，客流將達每天30萬人次。為應對大量的客流量，廣州南站采用一個清晰的縱向組織策略。地鐵站臺及大廳分別座落于兩層地下室；所有乘客到達后均集中于地面一層的到達大廳，直接連接其它交通模式，包括位于其下的地鐵；離站大廳位于高架層，寬敞的等候室可清楚地觀看下層站臺。28個高架站臺及火車橋梁則位于離站大廳和到達大廳之間。

中庭空間位于車站兩端的主落客入口處。中庭將高架的離站大廳、侯車室和站臺，與地面層的到達大廳連為一體。離站大廳內設有歺飲設施和不同等級的候車室，為乘客帶來更多的舒適體驗。一條348米長的中央天窗屋脊將中央屋頂一分為二，近入口處屋脊最寬，越接近中央部位越窄，為離站大廳提供次序導向，并改善客流路線。天窗采用拱頂結構，覆層為ETFE氣囊，為車站內部帶來大量自然光，還降低了建筑所吸收的熱量。拱頂造型使人聯(lián)想起傳統(tǒng)的維多利亞鐵路大廳，呈45度角的直立縫屋頂彷如樹葉的自然組織。天窗錯落于鐵軌之間，自然光可以穿透直抵地面層的到達大廳。屋頂末端為曲線造型，免得站臺上的乘客受到雨淋日炙。

利用車站規(guī)劃協(xié)助改善乘客導向，成為TFP所設計的開放平面式車站的另一驅動力。高架大廳采用了68米寬的跨度，營造出無柱子阻擋的候車室，而其它樓層的手扶電梯、電梯和其它類似設施, 也是清晰可見。

設計的主題為車站可連接廣州和佛山兩地，綠茵場地，更使之從根本上變成“花園式”車站，其作用如同一種催化劑，由此而催生一個全新城區(qū)。兩端的景觀城市廣場構成車站入口，如此一來，總體規(guī)劃將兩個區(qū)域均納入其中。同為ETFE氣囊覆層的入口頂棚其幾何形狀通過中央天窗屋脊貫通東西兩端。屋脊下的中央信道，設置一系列的景觀區(qū)，兩邊為候車室。車站采用高架橋梁，使行人可從景觀廣場到達大廳自由進出，從而確保車站建筑成為新城區(qū)一個一體化的元素。

車站造型是其功能的體現(xiàn)。屋脊凸顯了廣場之間的連接關系；而連接屋脊的中央屋頂則明確劃分了上層建筑的室內的范圍。天窗與曲線造形界定人流空間，賦予旅客非常清晰的方向感。

廣州南站的設計在功能和形式表現(xiàn)之間取得一種無拘束的平衡。這種平衡是通過對精心設計的結構元素精確的表述取得的，而這同時賦予車站獨一無二的特性。車站不僅會創(chuàng)建出一片新城區(qū)，還將對推動區(qū)域經濟的快速發(fā)展發(fā)揮出重要的作用。

Located at the heart of the Pearl River Delta region, Guangzhou South Railway Station lies between the cities of Guangzhou and Foshan. The Station is a comprehensive multi-modal transportation infrastructure serving a catchment area of over 300-million people. Part of China’s new high-speed rail network that incorporates four new major transport hubs including Guangzhou South Railway Station and Beijing South Railway Station (also designed by TFP Farrells and completed in 2008). The f rst phase of Guangzhou South Railway Station opened to the public on January 30, 2010, a world-class transportation hub connecting the cities of Beijing—Wuhan— Shanghai—New Guangzhou—Hong Kong.

Completed in the year 2010, the Station is among the world’s largest train stations, roughly equal to three times the size of London’s Kings Cross Station. In addition to its train services, it will be a significant interchange to other modes of transport, including taxi, car, metro and bus. By 2030, passenger f ow will reach over 300,000 daily. In order to accommodate the large volume of passenger movements, a clear vertical organization strategy has been adopted. Metro lines and concourse comprise two basement levels;all train arrivals are at ground level connecting directly to other transport modes including the metro below;departures are from an elevated concourse with spacious waiting rooms and clear views to the 28 platform edges below. Located in-between the departure concourse level and the arrival level are the 28 elevated viaduct platforms for high-speed trains.

Atrium spaces are located at the main drop-of f entrances at either end of the station. These atriums unite the elevated departure concourse platforms and waiting hall, with the ground level arrivals hall. The departures hall features food and beverage outlets and spacious waiting rooms for greater passenger comfort. Bisecting the main central roof is a 348m long central skylight spine that is widest near the entrances and narrows towards the centre, providing an order to the departure concourse and re f ning the circulation route. The skylight is constructed of a diagonal grid of structural steel in a barrel vault form and clad in ETFE air cushions which provide maximum natural daylight to the station interior whilst minimising heat gain. The roof forms are barrel vaults reminiscent of traditional V ictorian railway halls with a standing seam roof that is angled at 45 degrees to evoke the natural structural form of leaves. Skylights are positioned between the railway tracks so that natural light can also f lter down to the ground level arrival hall. Curved at each end, the roof protects the passengers on the platforms from the elements.

Another driving force behind TFP’s open-plan station arrangement was the desire to assist passenger orientation in the station planning. The use of 68-metre spans create column-free waiting rooms on the elevated concourse while passengers on other levels have good visual connection with escalators, lifts,entrances and similar other facilities.

The design’s primary themes are the connection of Guangzhou and Foshan to either side of the station and the opportunity af forded by the green-f eld site to make this essentially a “garden” station which will act as a catalyst for the generation of an entirely new urban area. The masterplan addresses both districts with the creation of two landscaped urban plazas constituting the entrances to the station. The geometry of the entrance canopies continues from one side to the other via a light f lled central spine. This spine is the main concourse at departure level and comprises a series of landscaped areas with waiting halls to either side. Ensuring the station acts as a unifying element in the new city, the tracks are elevated allowing free pedestrian access via the landscaped arrival concourse.

The form is an expression of the station’s functional programme. The spine signifies the connection between the plazas; the central roof connecting the spine de f nes the extent of climatic enclosure at the upper level. The combination of skylight and curved form provide positive de f nition and expression of the circulation space and give the passenger a very clear sense of orientation.

The design of Guangzhou South Railway Station strikes a relaxed balance between function and formal expression. This is achieved through the concise articulation of meticulously designed structural elements, which simultaneously endows the station with a unique identity. Not only will the station generate a new urban area, it will also be of signi f cant importance in promoting the rapid development of a regional economy.

設計草圖 sketches

剖面透視圖 sectional perspectives