院士風(fēng)采

郭慕孫1920.05.09～2012.11.20

化學(xué)工程學(xué)家。廣東潮州人。1943年畢業(yè)于滬江大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1947年獲美國(guó)普林斯頓大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。中國(guó)科學(xué)院化工冶金研究所研究員、所長(zhǎng)、名譽(yù)所長(zhǎng)。早年發(fā)現(xiàn)液—固和氣—固兩種截然不同的流態(tài)化現(xiàn)象，分別命名為“散式”和“聚式”流態(tài)化，現(xiàn)已定為工程化學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。后將散式流態(tài)化理想化，提出了描述流體和顆粒兩相流最簡(jiǎn)單的“廣義流態(tài)化理論”，可適用于顆粒物料的受阻沉降、浸取和洗滌、移動(dòng)床輸運(yùn)等工藝。對(duì)氣體和顆粒的聚式流態(tài)化，于50年代即指出其接觸差、能耗高的缺點(diǎn)，相繼研究稀相、快速、淺床等其他流態(tài)化方法，逐步形成無(wú)氣泡接觸體系理論，上述理論已多次應(yīng)用于金屬提取等資源開發(fā)。1982年和1990年兩次獲國(guó)家自然科學(xué)二等獎(jiǎng)，1989年于加拿大獲國(guó)際流態(tài)化成就獎(jiǎng)。

1980年當(dāng)選為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemical engineering expert. Born in Chaozhou Guangdong Province. Graduated from University of Shanghai in 1943 and MS in chemical engineering from Princeton University, USA in 1947. Research professor, director and emeritus director, Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Guo discovered in his early career two types of different phenomena for liquid-solid and gas-solid fluidization, viz, “particulate” and “aggregative” , respectively, which have become accepted designations in chemical engineering. Later, he idealized and developed the “particulate” phenomenon into “generalized fluidization”, a methodology which finds application in hindered sedimentation, leaching and washing, moving-bed transport, etc.. He pointed out in the 1950s the poor gas-solid contraction for “aggregative” fluidization and studied in succession dilute-phase fluidization, fast fluidization, shallow fluidized beds and other alternate modes of gas-solid fluidization, resulting in the system of “bubbleless gas-solid contractin”. The above studies have been used in the extractive metallurgy of metals and other resources utilization. He was given two second class prizes of the National Natural Science Award and an International Fluidization Award of Achievement in Banff, Canada in 1989.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

化學(xué)家。女。浙江蕭山人。1944年畢業(yè)于上海交通大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1951年獲美國(guó)紐約大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。北京大學(xué)教授。長(zhǎng)期致力于分析化學(xué)的教學(xué)和研究。專長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)分析化學(xué)和極譜催化波以及環(huán)保大氣污染檢測(cè)儀的研制。在極譜催化波的理論與應(yīng)用方面從事了大量工作，在國(guó)內(nèi)起了積極促進(jìn)作用，形成了極譜分析的某些特色。后又開創(chuàng)了稀土極譜絡(luò)合吸附波分析方法，總結(jié)在專著《極譜催化波》一書中。方法應(yīng)用于稀土農(nóng)用的植物生理功能研究中，獲得可喜成果。

1980年當(dāng)選為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Female. Born in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1944. Received M.Sc.from New York University, USA in 1951.Professor, Peking University.

Gao has devoted herself to the study and teaching of analytical chemistry. She is specialized in electroanalitical chemistry and polarographic catalytic waves as well as the development of instruments for the monitoring of atmospheric pollution. She did a great deal of work in the development of the theory of polarographic catalytic waves which is summed up in her monograph “Polarographic Catalytic Waves”. Recently, she developed the method of absorptive polarographic complex waves for the analysis of rare earth elements, which has been used in the study of physiological function of rare earth in plants and remarkable success has been achieved.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

高鴻1918.06.26～

化學(xué)家。陜西涇陽(yáng)人。1943年畢業(yè)于國(guó)立中央大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1947年獲美國(guó)伊利諾大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。南京大學(xué)終身教授，西北大學(xué)終身教授。長(zhǎng)期從事電分析化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論、新方法、新技術(shù)的研究，特別是極譜分析基礎(chǔ)理論研究。在懸汞電極研究方面，提出了汞齊電極擴(kuò)散電流理論，金屬在汞中擴(kuò)散系數(shù)測(cè)定方法與金屬在汞中的擴(kuò)散公式等。對(duì)極譜學(xué)各分支的各種電機(jī)過(guò)程導(dǎo)出電流方程式并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，澄清了一些爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題。系統(tǒng)地研究和發(fā)展了示波分析方法，開辟了一個(gè)分析化學(xué)的新領(lǐng)域。

1980年當(dāng)選為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Jingyang, Shanxi Province. Graduated from the Department of Chemistry, National Central University in 1943 and received Ph. D. from the University of Illinois, USA in 1947. Lifelong professor, Nanjing University and Northwest University.

Guo has long been engaged in the research of basic theory, new methods and new technologies of electrochemical analysis, especially in the study of the basic theory of polarography. In the study of hanging mercury electrode, he developed the diffusion current theory of amalgam electrode, the determination method of diffusion coefficient of metal in mercury an equation of diffusion of metals in mercury. He deduced electric current equations for various electrode processes of different polarographic methods and all these equations were proved by experiments. He clarified some debates in this field. He also studied systematically the oscillographic analytical methods and opened up oscillographic analysis, a new field of analytical chemistry.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

郭燮賢1925.02.09～1998.06.04

化學(xué)家。浙江杭州人。1946年畢業(yè)于重慶兵工大學(xué)應(yīng)用化學(xué)系。中國(guó)科學(xué)院大連化學(xué)物理研究所研究員、催化基礎(chǔ)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室學(xué)術(shù)委員會(huì)主任。早年完成了合成汽油制甲苯催化劑研制和工業(yè)化試驗(yàn)。推導(dǎo)論證化學(xué)吸附與催化反應(yīng)之間的聯(lián)系，發(fā)表《化學(xué)吸附覆蓋度與動(dòng)力學(xué)關(guān)系》和《合成氨反應(yīng)速度與氮、氫、吸附的關(guān)系》等論文；參與并協(xié)助領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了合成氨原料氣凈化新流程三種催化劑的研制和工業(yè)化試驗(yàn)，獲得成功。在發(fā)展天然氣及含烯混合氣的蒸汽重整催化劑、多金屬重整及坦載金屬等催化劑的研制任務(wù)中，多有建樹。后在探討烴類催化轉(zhuǎn)化反應(yīng)機(jī)理、催化劑金屬—載體相互作用、在小分子的吸附態(tài)和吸附、脫附動(dòng)力學(xué)等基礎(chǔ)研究工作中均有成果。

1980年當(dāng)選為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from the Department of Applied Chemistry, Chongqing University of Military Engineering in 1946. Research professor, Dalian Institute of Physical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and director, Academic Committee of the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis.

In his early years, Guo completed the study on catalysts for the preparation of toluene from synthetic gasoline and its industrialization experiments. He deduced and proved the relationship between chemical absorption and catalyzed reaction and published some valuable papers, such as “The Relationship Between Coverage of Chemical Absorption and Dynamics”, “The Relationship Between the Reactive Rate in Ammonia Synthesis and the Absorption of Nitrogen and Hydrogen” and so on. He participated, led and succeeded in the research on 3 catalysts used for the purification of gases for ammonia synthesis and the pilot tests. He creatively developed steam reforming catalysts for natural gas and olefin-containing gases, multimetal reforming catalysts and supported catalysts. In the last 10 years, he did some basic research and the mechanism of catalyzed conversion of hydrocarbons, interaction between catalytic metals and supporters, aboroption state and absorption of small molecules and the dynamics of desorption, obtaining noticeable results.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.