例說合成詞

任亞仍

合成詞的考查雖然不是高考的重點(diǎn)，但在說話、寫文章時(shí)常用到，特別是在閱讀理解中。如果我們對(duì)其有透徹的認(rèn)識(shí)，那么對(duì)于弄清出題人的意向，很好理解原文，很有幫助。請(qǐng)看下面段落中合成詞的應(yīng)用。

As a five-star student， I was sent to an English-speaking country to make further study. After arriving at the well-known place， I was arranged to live in a four- storeyed building. The host is easy-going and the hostess is warm-hearted. They lived with their five-year-old grandson. Though the hosts full-time job is a teacher， he used to repair the old-fashioned electrical home appliances for neighbors around.

合成是英語常見三種構(gòu)詞方法之一，即把兩個(gè)甚至更多個(gè)詞合在一起組成新詞的方法。以上段落中合成詞的應(yīng)用有九處之多，集中反映了合成形容詞的使用。下面我們來研究合成形容詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則和應(yīng)用。

1.

數(shù)詞+名詞 ten-speed， ten-year， three-good， two-man

數(shù)詞+名詞+ed three-legged， one-eyed，

數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 twenty-storeyed-tall， five-year-old， 500-meter-long

My father bought me a ten-speed bicycle on my birthday.

在我生日那天，父親給我買了輛十變速自行車。

There is a three-legged table in the room.屋里有一張三條腿的桌子。

The six-storeyed-tall teaching building stands in the center of the school.

六層高的教學(xué)大樓矗立在學(xué)校中央。

2.

名詞+過去分詞 man-made， state-owned， school-run， snow-covered

名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 English-speaking， peace-loving， paper-making， fun-loving

Another man-made satellite was sent up in Jiuquan the other day.

前幾天在酒泉又發(fā)射了顆人造衛(wèi)星。

The new paper-making factory is being built in our city.新的造紙廠正在我市修建。

From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe， with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.從太空看，地球像一個(gè)為水所覆蓋的巨大球體，有幾塊陸地突出水面。

3.

形容詞+名詞 full-time， part-time， new-type， long-term

形容詞+名詞+ed middle-aged， good-tempered， warm-hearted， absent-minded

形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 good-looking， ordinary-looking， easy-going， far-reaching

形容詞+過去分詞 new-born， ready-made， old-fashioned， ill-formed

From a long-term point of view， we students should learn English well.

從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)觀點(diǎn)來看，我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該把英語學(xué)好。

People regarded him as a warm-hearted， honest man.人們認(rèn)為他是熱情、誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

Buying ready-made clothes is the main trend in the world today.

買現(xiàn)成服裝已成為當(dāng)今世界的趨勢(shì)。

4.

名詞+形容詞 ice-cold， nation-wide， world-famous， snow-white

名詞+名詞 test-tube， X-ray， blood-test

The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby.

那對(duì)父母對(duì)他們的試管嬰兒照料得很好。

The doctor will take an X-ray test of my chest.醫(yī)生要給我的胸部拍X光片。

5.

副詞+過去分詞 Well-known， poorly-dress， newly-built， well-done

其它 First-class， all-round， non-stop， large-scale

A well-known scientist will attend our meeting.一位著名的科學(xué)家將參加我們的會(huì)議。

The large-scale development will destroy the surroundings.大規(guī)模的開發(fā)會(huì)破壞環(huán)境。

【考題回眸】

1. It took us quite a long time to get there. It was ___ journey. （北京春）

A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours

2. Many students signed up for the___ race in the sports meeting to be held next week. （上海春）

A.800-meter-long B. 800-meters-long C. 800 meter length D. 800 meters length

3. Speaking of all the songs he has written， I think this is probably his ____ one.（全國(guó)卷II）

A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known

解析：

1. C?？疾楹铣尚稳菰~，作前置定語，作定語的合成詞中，名詞用單數(shù)，且?guī)讉€(gè)詞之間加連字符。其構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)為：數(shù)詞+名詞。

2. A?？疾楹铣尚稳菰~，作前置定語，作定語的合成詞中，名詞用單數(shù)，且?guī)讉€(gè)詞之間加連字符。其構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)為：數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞。

3. C?？疾楹铣尚稳菰~，作前置定語，根據(jù)句子提供的信息“of all the songs he has written”和句意，可知句中應(yīng)填形容詞最高級(jí)，故正確答案為C。

（陜西洋縣）