怎樣作好閱讀理解推理判斷題

楊芝茹

推理判斷即在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出合理的判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是幾句話。表現(xiàn)形式為：

一、題型特點(diǎn)

推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)文章所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)和上下文暗示進(jìn)行綜合分析，然后進(jìn)行推論、引深得出合理的結(jié)論。因此，考生不僅要掌握文章的表層含義，還要理解其深層內(nèi)涵；不僅要掌握已言明的觀點(diǎn)傾向，還要獲取字里行間的信息。此類試題屬英語閱讀理解高檔題，平均每年考9-10題，占閱讀理解試題一半。近年來，其難度在平穩(wěn)增加。

二、設(shè)問方式

1. It can be inferred/ concluded from the passage that____.

2. which of the following conclusions can we draw from the article？

3. The passage implies， but doesnt directly state that___.

4. We can infer/ conclude from reading the passage that____.

5. In the passage the writer suggests/ implies that___.

6. Whats the authors main purpose/ attitude toward____.

7. The passage proves /suggests that___.

8. The passage is most probably taken from____.

9. The writer uses the examples of… to show that___.

10. When the author talks about…， what the author really means is___.

三、突破思路：

1.抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。推理時(shí)，不可脫離原文而僅憑個(gè)人的看法，主觀臆斷。

2. 對(duì)于暗含在文章中人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。

3. 應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題是針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題思想 、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。

4. 針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題思想 ，然后再分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證（opinion and fact）、原因與結(jié)果（cause and effect）、主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)（main idea and supporting idea）。

四、突破方法

1.根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或選項(xiàng)中的線索，找到原文的相關(guān)句，讀懂后，比照選項(xiàng)，對(duì)相關(guān)句進(jìn)行同義改寫或綜合概括的選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.采用邏輯分析法對(duì)題干中的備選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分析，排除選項(xiàng)中邏輯關(guān)系發(fā)生矛盾的選項(xiàng)，從而鎖定剩余選項(xiàng)，再進(jìn)行推論。

五、題型攻略（保留原題號(hào)）

1.邏輯推論（按文中事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)，得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。方法：弄清主題思想，歸納具體事實(shí)，按題目要求進(jìn)行推論）

例：（全國(guó)I C）

Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive（欺騙）？When someone tells you something that is true， but leaves out important information that should be included， he can give you a false picture.

For example， someone might say， “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery（彩票）.It was great， I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars！”

This guys a winner， right？Maybe， maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets， and only one was a winner. Hes really a big loser！

He didnt say anything that was false， but he left out important information on purpose. Thats called a half?truth. Half?truths are not technically lies， but they are just as dishonest.

Some politicians often use this trick. Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term， her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents （對(duì)手） says， “During Governor Smiths term， the state lost one million jobs！” Thats true. However， an honest statement would have been， “During Governor Smiths term， the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”

Advertisers（廣告商） will sometimes use half?truths. Its against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say， “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.

This kind of deception happens too often. Its a sad fact of life： Lies are lies， and sometimes the truth can lie as well.

50. We may infer that the author believes people should .

A. buy lottery tickets

B. make use of half?truths

C. not take anything at face value

D. not trust the Yucky Company

[分析]選C?？疾闅w納推理。Take anything at face value只看表面，相信表面。而這句話正好為第二、三、四自然的結(jié)論。即“我們推斷作者相信不應(yīng)該只看表面”。

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（陜西省洋縣書院初級(jí)中學(xué)）