基于英美經(jīng)典文學(xué)譯文的批評和賞析方法探究

司亮

摘要：近年來，隨著我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展與完善，尤其是我國加入WTO以來，我國無論是在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面還是文化方面，都逐步與世界接軌，我國人民的物質(zhì)生活取得了較大幅度提高，同時(shí)，我國人民對自身的精神建設(shè)的需求也隨之慢慢顯現(xiàn)出來，本文就我國基于英美經(jīng)典文學(xué)譯文的批評和賞析方法展開了分析和探討。

關(guān)鍵詞：英美經(jīng)典文學(xué) 譯文 批評 賞析 探究

With the continuous development of our economy， our people to be satisfied at the same time began the pursuit of spiritual life in the material life， after China joins the WTO， the classic western literature rapidly in popularity in our country， to a certain extent， ease the people to the urgent demand of the construction of spiritual civilization. But the western literature books in the language used mostly in English， some writers and scholars in China will win universal praise American classic literature with the use of the people of our country Chinese translation， but because the writers and scholars understanding of classic British and American literature， also appeared in the same literary works， the different translation.

A.Criticism and appreciation

1.In our country， and the concept of many people on translation criticism and appreciation is not very understanding， translation criticism and appreciation and translation criticism of these two seemingly very professional， difficult to understand the terms of the meaning of the expression is actually very close. Translation criticism is a word in our "Chinese Dictionary" in the meaning is "the relevant personnel in the process of translation of foreign books， with some inherent standard as the reference， the quality of translation of literary translation， literature translation and translated literature translation evaluation value to carry out a full range of".

2.In a work of literature translation criticism of literary works， the original author， often cannot do without this literary works， translators and readers of literary works in translation after the three important part. Thus it can be seen that， in the process of translation criticism， must be on the literary works of the original translation criticism， so that we can understand the literary works the original author of literary writing and to express through literature thought.

B.Translation criticism and the role of the existing problems

Translation criticism of classical literature has three points， the first point is on the literary works of translation criticism will have a guide， this effect refers to the literary works themselves， can help some translations readers to read and understand the literary works themselves， mainly for the translation. Literary works； second point interaction refers to an evaluation of the literature criticism and appreciation will role， this evaluation function for the translation of literary works of the original. Third point interaction refers to a guide to the translation criticism on the literature generated after， the leading role is generated by means of our country and even the world literature translation academic field.

C.The difference of classical literature translation

In the process of the creation of literature， writing rhetoric techniques used by the author to the literature very much， expressed by the authors using different rhetorical devices in the effect is also very different. For example， by the world as "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" known as the representative literary artist Hardy， Hardy in the creation， rhetoric， so that each person works in the distinctive character. Next， look at the three different translation versions of Professor Zhang Ruogu， Professor Zheng Damin and Professor Wang Zhongxiang and Professor Nie Zhenzhao：

“Boy， take up that basket ！ I want， ee to go on an errand for me.”The lath-like stripling frowned .“Who be you， then ， John Durbeyfield ， to order me about and call me 'boy'？ You know my name as well as I know yours！”“Do you， do you？ That， s the secret ——that ， s the secret！ Now obey my orders， and take the message I， m going to charge "ee wi"... Well， Fred， I don， t mind telling you that the secret is that I， m one of a noble race ——it has been just found out by me this present afternoon P. M.”（Chapter 1）

Zhang Ruogu： "Hello， boy， you take this basket to pick up； I want you to go on an errand for me." The thin the big boys， frowned， "said John Durbeyfield， you is what person， dare make up me， call me 'boy'？ We don't know who is who！" "I know？ Really know？ It can be said is a mystery， it can be said is a mystery. You listen to my command this array， make me give you the job to do to the good...... Hum， Fu Lai， I put this mystery to you at the end of the day， I turned out to be a noble family descendants， this afternoon， is not just the moment， at noon， you before， I know."

Zheng Damin： "the little guy， picked up the basket！ I want you to do something for me." The lanky teenager frowns. "What is your man， John Durbeyfield， actually want to use me， call me 'little man'？ You know me， I also know you！" "Do you know me？ Do you know me？ There is a secret -- there is a secret！ Now listen to my command， to give me your things to do. Well， Fred， I can tell you the secret also it doesn't matter： I am a family offspring. This is I just know this afternoon， this afternoon."

Wang Zhongxiang， Nie Zhenzhao： "young man， picked up the basket！ I want you to go on an errand for me." As long as the slab boys a little unhappy： "you is what person， John Durbeyfield， you should make me， call me 'boy'？ We don't know who！"

"You know me， know me？ This is the secret -- it's a secret！ Now you have to obey my orders， let me send you the letter......

Well， Fred， I don't care about to tell the secret to you， I am an aristocratic descent， -- I also know this afternoon."

Through the three different translation of Professor Zhang Ruogu， Professor Zheng Damin and Professor Wang Zhongxiang， Professor Nie Zhenzhao in the same paragraph， even if the process to translate the same paragraph， the same sentence， the same words in translation， the results are not the same. Some literary works， translators is straightforward in the original text to express the idea of translation， and some literary works， translators are in the process of translation into their own understanding of the translation.

D.the rationality of translation criticism and appreciation

Any of a work of literature works in the description of the scene are not in conformity with actual conditions of the readers and the authors and readers， to interpret literary works still exist obvious differences on the interpretation of literary works， because the writer and the reader as a separate entity， different， the subjective initiative of each person's own play therefore， literature translation in the process of being accepted by the readers， readers in the literary work reading process will be the two time the creation of literary works. Therefore， different translation versions of translation exist， does not exist contradictions， but will provide a more suitable for their own translation versions for different ages， different levels of readers， to improve our ability of English translation of classical literature， improve people's spiritual and cultural implication.

Summing-up：

In a word，cultural elements and cultural characteristics of different types of literary works has also are not the same， the ultimate aim of the criticism and appreciation of literary translation is to analysis and research of the translation quality and practical value in the process of criticism and appreciation of different versions.

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