科技英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)和句法結(jié)構(gòu)

董愛(ài)華

(新鄉(xiāng)學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院，河南新鄉(xiāng)453000)

科技英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)和句法結(jié)構(gòu)

董愛(ài)華

(新鄉(xiāng)學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院，河南新鄉(xiāng)453000)

科技英語(yǔ);長(zhǎng)句;句法特點(diǎn);句法結(jié)構(gòu)

科技英語(yǔ)作為一種嚴(yán)肅的文體，深受拉丁文風(fēng)的影響，長(zhǎng)句的歷史由來(lái)已久。由于組句較長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，成分復(fù)雜，給讀者的解讀帶來(lái)了困難。擬從傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)探析科技英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)和句法結(jié)構(gòu)，并試圖通過(guò)分析給讀者閱讀時(shí)帶來(lái)一定的啟示和指導(dǎo)。

科技英語(yǔ)(English for science and technology)產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)50年代，自20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注和研究。它是“人們從事科學(xué)技術(shù)活動(dòng)時(shí)進(jìn)行交際的工具，是英語(yǔ)全民語(yǔ)言用于理、工、醫(yī)、農(nóng)等自然科學(xué)題材時(shí)產(chǎn)生的變體”。(侯維瑞，1996)科技英語(yǔ)是用來(lái)陳述自然界、科技界所發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)的事情。描述其規(guī)律、特點(diǎn)，以及過(guò)程等的語(yǔ)言，其表達(dá)客觀準(zhǔn)確、邏輯性強(qiáng)、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。為了更好地記錄自然界的現(xiàn)象和科技界的動(dòng)態(tài)，用來(lái)記錄的句子往往偏長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，所以造成了科技英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句中語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多，成分多，修飾語(yǔ)多的特點(diǎn)。本文擬從傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)探析科技英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)和句法結(jié)構(gòu)，并試圖通過(guò)分析給讀者閱讀時(shí)帶來(lái)一定的啟示和指導(dǎo)。

一、科技英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)分析

科技語(yǔ)言是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的真實(shí)反映，由于其本身的性質(zhì)決定了其文體具有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)周密、概念準(zhǔn)確、邏輯性強(qiáng)、行文簡(jiǎn)潔、重點(diǎn)突出、句式嚴(yán)整、少有變化等特點(diǎn)?？萍加⒄Z(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)句常常是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)帶著若干個(gè)從句，從句又帶著短語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)又帶從句，從句又套從句，相互依附，相互制約，一環(huán)扣一環(huán)，錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜。下面本人擬就科技英語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)做粗略的分析，試從以下四個(gè)方面來(lái)探討。

(一)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的大量使用

科技英語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)句在句法上最突出的特點(diǎn)就是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)數(shù)量之多，可以占到全部謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的1/3～1/2以上。究其原因主要有三點(diǎn)，其一:科技作者在探討事物發(fā)展過(guò)程和闡述科學(xué)原理時(shí)，往往著眼于演繹論證的結(jié)果，而不大考慮動(dòng)作的實(shí)行者。這需要使事物，過(guò)程和結(jié)果處于句子的中心地位，而被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)正好能突出要論證和說(shuō)明的對(duì)象;其二:科技作品對(duì)現(xiàn)象的描述，對(duì)規(guī)律的論證，對(duì)事物的分析和對(duì)事物相互關(guān)系的推理，要求盡量客觀，而客觀的表達(dá)與感情色彩有沖突，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)正好可以避開(kāi)人的主觀因素。其三:科技文章崇尚準(zhǔn)確，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和精煉，而被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)在很多情況下正好使句子更為緊湊和簡(jiǎn)短。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用在下面兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)句中可見(jiàn)一斑:

例一:The Harry Diamond Laboratories performed early advanced development of the Arming Safety Device(ASD)for the Navy’s 5-in guided projectile．The early advanced development was performed in two phrases．In phrase 1，the ASD was designed，and three prototypes were fabricated and tested in the laboratory．In phrase 2，the design was refined，35 ASD’s and a large number of explosive mockups were fabricated，and a series of qualification tests were performed．The qualification tests ranged from laboratory tests to drop tests and gun firing．The design was further refined during and following the qualification tests．The feasibility of the design was demonstrated．

例二:As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface．Consequently，a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out．If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil，a“drilling rig”is assembled．The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called“a derrick”．It is used to lift sections of pipe，which are lowered into the hole made by the drill．As the hole is being drilled，a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in．If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves．

在第一個(gè)例子中，12處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞竟有9處采用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。第二例中，14處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含了13個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在這兩例長(zhǎng)句篇章中，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用尚且如此，那么在一篇科技文體的文章中的應(yīng)用就可想而知了。

(二)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的普遍使用

在科技英語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)句中，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式(分詞，動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))被廣泛應(yīng)用，尤其是分詞短語(yǔ)用作后置定語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象更是層見(jiàn)疊出。究其原因主要有兩點(diǎn)，其一:在科技作品中，人們往往要說(shuō)明各個(gè)事物之間的關(guān)系，事物的位置和狀態(tài)變化，如:機(jī)器，產(chǎn)品，原料等的運(yùn)動(dòng)，來(lái)源、型式、加工手段、工藝流程和操作方法，這些都要求敘述嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、準(zhǔn)確。動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式容易實(shí)現(xiàn)這些要求，而且能用擴(kuò)展的成分對(duì)所修飾的進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)明和限定。(每一個(gè)分詞定語(yǔ)都能代替一個(gè)從句);其二:科技作者為了完整準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)某一概念和事物，常需對(duì)某些詞句進(jìn)行多方面的修飾和限定。為了使長(zhǎng)句勻稱，避免復(fù)雜的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)并省略動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的配合，使長(zhǎng)句既不累贅又語(yǔ)意明確，這種語(yǔ)法策略經(jīng)常采用。

例一:Hill’s idea of stating a perturbation theory with a better intermediate orbit than a Keplerian ellipse was quickly applied to artificial satellite theories with some success，depending on the possibility of obtaining higher order theories．

例二:What is really required therefore is a safe，reliable and inexpensive device，which can be inserted between the transmission line and the consuming apparatus，to convert the high voltage and low current of the economical transmission line into the low voltage and high current required by the consuming apparatus，that is，a piece of apparatus to perform the same function in electrical transmission that a pair of reduction gears does in mechanical transmission，in which a high torque and low speed are readily and effectively converted into a low torque and high speed，or vice versa．

(三)形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)居多

在科技英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句中，形容詞短語(yǔ)用作后置定語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象，雖不及分詞短語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)多，但也大量使用。按照R．Quirk的說(shuō)法，形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)可以看作是定語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。其作用是對(duì)所修飾的詞語(yǔ)加以嚴(yán)格的限定和準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)明，同時(shí)又會(huì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)短緊湊。

例一:With the acceptance of the Copernican system，the Earth was added to the number of planets revolving around the Sun，and the Moon was recognized as the Earth’s satellite．Uranus，which is barely visible to the unaided eye，was discovered in 1781.

例二:In the 24 years since the birth of Louise Brown，the world＇s first test－ tube baby，thousands of would － be parents have been assure that as far as scientists knew there was no extra risk of genetic damage associated with in － vitro fertilization，or IVF．No matter how sperm meets egg—whether in a woman＇s body or in a Petri dish(and even if the sperm needs some help getting inside the egg)—nature is equally vigilant about preventing serious genetic mishaps from coming to term．With those assurances，test-tube births have soared from a few hundred a year in the early 1980s to tens of thousands today．

(四)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的廣泛運(yùn)用

科技作者在說(shuō)明事理、提出設(shè)想、探討問(wèn)題和推導(dǎo)公式時(shí)，常常涉及到各種前提、條件和場(chǎng)合。為了避免武斷，總是從假定、猜想、建議或懷疑的角度出發(fā)，這就往往需要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;另一方面，有不少作者為了表示自己的謙遜，為了謹(jǐn)慎和留有余地，也樂(lè)于采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣而是口吻變得委婉。

例一:Had astronomers then been able to see the ultraviolet part of the spectrum，which our own atmosphere absorbs，they could have seen the Lyman series of absorption energies that come from photons which are absorbed by hydrogen atoms with electrons in the smallest possible orbits，they probably would have made an entirely different classification of stellar spectra on the basis of the still more intense Lyman lines．

例二:In the spring of 1999，ACT’s new troika sat down to discuss just how to venture into what＇s arguably the most controversial area in medicine today．We knew that we would have to fend off attacks，recalls Lanza．But we never imagined all the insanity that would come．Over the course of the next two years，the men would be called ‘mad scientists’，‘baby killers’，and‘monsters’;their names would be added to antiabortion‘a(chǎn)ssassination’lists on the Web;the FBI would warn them of threats on their lives，and conservatives would push a bill through the House of Representatives declaring them federal criminals deserving of 10 years in prison and a$1 million fine．

二、科技英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的句法結(jié)構(gòu)分析

科技英語(yǔ)由于內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)域、語(yǔ)篇功能的特殊性和悠久的外來(lái)語(yǔ)影響，通常使用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句，其句法結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括以下五個(gè)方面。其一:大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)以及垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)壓縮句子長(zhǎng)度;其二:常用先行it結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)保持文風(fēng)凝重平穩(wěn);其三:常用平行結(jié)構(gòu)使層次清晰;其四:使用圓周句結(jié)構(gòu)，從句交錯(cuò)重疊;其五:采用介詞詞組的結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確簡(jiǎn)練地反映了事物之間的邏輯關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)就這五種結(jié)構(gòu)作詳細(xì)分析。

(一)名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)

在科技英語(yǔ)中，含名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)的長(zhǎng)句出現(xiàn)的頻率很高。這些長(zhǎng)句內(nèi)涵豐富，信息量大，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。R．Quirk在《當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》(A Grammar of Contemporary English)中說(shuō):“人們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，科技文獻(xiàn)中的語(yǔ)言與語(yǔ)法關(guān)系更為復(fù)雜，分句經(jīng)?！~化’?！?R．Quirk，1973:27)他還提出:“大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)是科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一?！?R．Quirk，1973:48)

例一:Many attempts for nearly a hundred years having been made to use this property in a reliable system of signaling the electric telegraph was made a practical device about the middle if the last century．

例二:The successful launching of China first experimental communication satellite，which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since，indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics．

例一中使用了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“Many attempts for nearly a hundred years having been made to use this property in a reliable system of signaling the electric telegraph”

作狀語(yǔ);例二中的主語(yǔ)是由介詞“of”連接成的名詞詞組。通過(guò)以上兩例，我們還可以看出，科技英語(yǔ)中的長(zhǎng)句離不開(kāi)短語(yǔ)和分句;而短語(yǔ)和分句之間的緊密銜接又離不開(kāi)大量的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。除了介詞(of，with，over，by，in 等)，還包括關(guān)系詞(which，that，when 等 )，連詞(and，if，or等)。

(二)先行詞it結(jié)構(gòu)

使用形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)句子，把較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)子句移到句末，使句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕，從而使行文更加凝重平穩(wěn)，符合科技英語(yǔ)的文體風(fēng)格。

例一:It is needed to produce many natural hormones，including sexual hormones，as well as vitamin D and bile acids which help us to digest fat，all of which are required to sustain in the body and human life on the planet in general．

例二:It is particularly exciting to have the ability to infer the properties of the meridional circulation，the giant cells，and the general state of the turbulent convection from the fine structure and frequencies of the p-and g-modes．

這類句子通常又叫作無(wú)人稱句子。這是因?yàn)榭萍嘉墨I(xiàn)所描述和討論的是科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)或科技事實(shí)，盡管科技活動(dòng)時(shí)人類所為，但科技文獻(xiàn)所報(bào)道的主要是科技成果或自然規(guī)律，但并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是誰(shuí)發(fā)現(xiàn)或完成。

(三)平行結(jié)構(gòu)

科技英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句中有許多平行不悖，前后銜接，相互照應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象。在有條不紊的描述中追求表達(dá)的嚴(yán)密效果，通常把眾多并列成分納入一體，歸合一句，形成一種“突出”的文體特色。運(yùn)用平行結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子鏗鏘有力、富有節(jié)奏、思路脈絡(luò)分明，層次清晰等。

例一:If doors，describe physical treatment of walls，ceiling and floor，include a sketch showing location of source and room contents;if outdoors，include a sketch showing location of source with respect to surrounding terrain，including physical description of test environment．(用分號(hào)隔開(kāi)兩個(gè)平行的復(fù)句，其中 If doors和if outdoors分別為成分省略的條件句。)

例二:The typical digital computer has five different units or sections，an input unit where inform action or orders go into the computer，a control unit which controls the actions of the computer in accordance with the input orders，a computation，or arithmetic，unit where the arithmetic is carried out，a memory unit where information is stored，and an output unit which reports the results．(此長(zhǎng)句是由五個(gè)帶定語(yǔ)從句的unit構(gòu)成了平行。)

(四)圓周句結(jié)構(gòu)

使用圓周句，從句交錯(cuò)重疊，關(guān)系復(fù)雜。從句的意義主要依賴于主句，特別是主句謂語(yǔ)的明確表述。其特點(diǎn)主要是“主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被推遲到句子的中部或后部，這就增加了理解句子的困難?！?侯維瑞，1996)

例一:We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few tenmillions of millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely．(此長(zhǎng)句句式復(fù)雜，信息含量豐富，包含五個(gè)子句，看圖解如下:)

例二:Electronics，like any other field of human activity，has gone through several stages in its rapid development which are marked by the electron tube，the transistor，the integrated circuit and the microprocessor．

例三:Owing to the fact that electricity and be transmitted from where it is generated to where it is needed by means of power lines and transformers．Large power stations and be built in remote places far from industrial centers or large cities，as is often the case with hydroelectric power stations that are inseparable from water sources．

上述例二中，主語(yǔ)是“Electronics，like any other field of human activity”為介詞短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)“electronics”起到了進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明的作用，謂語(yǔ)是“has gone through”;在賓語(yǔ)中含有一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾stages。在例三中，主語(yǔ)是“l(fā)arge power stations”;謂語(yǔ)是“can be built;owing to……transformers”是分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。但是，在這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中還含有三個(gè)從句，一個(gè)是由that引出的同位語(yǔ)從句，另外兩個(gè)是由where引出的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。除此之外，還有far from形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾places和由as引出的定語(yǔ)從句修飾全句。

對(duì)于上述三個(gè)例句，首先應(yīng)該做的是找出它的主要成分，其它部分是一些起修飾作用的從句或短語(yǔ)等。句子之所以長(zhǎng)，大多數(shù)情況下是由于修飾成分多造成的，如果把這些修飾成分先放在一旁，就可以較容易地理解其大意了。

(五)介詞詞組結(jié)構(gòu)

科學(xué)注重事實(shí)、概念和邏輯，科技文體具有嚴(yán)肅性、真實(shí)性。為了準(zhǔn)確、詳盡地描述事物特點(diǎn)、發(fā)展過(guò)程、演變規(guī)律或應(yīng)用，科技英語(yǔ)敘事要求突出事實(shí)本身，避開(kāi)主觀因素，用結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)年P(guān)系來(lái)明確無(wú)誤地表達(dá)因果、條件、讓步、目的、對(duì)比等上下人邏輯概念。因此，介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在科技英語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)句中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，主要用于準(zhǔn)確而簡(jiǎn)練地反映各事物之間的時(shí)間、空間、隸屬、依附以及因果等邏輯關(guān)系。

例一:According to a pair of reports in last week＇s New England Journal of Medicine，that conventional wisdom may be wrong．In the first study，doctors in Britain and Australia found that infants conceived with both straightforward test－tube methods and a more invasive technique called intra-cytoplasm sperm injection，in which sperm is injected directly into the egg，have an 8.6%risk of major birth defects—including heart and kidney abnormalities，cleft palate and undescended testicles-compared with the 4.2%rate in babies made the old － fashioned way．The second study，conducted by the U．S．Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)，reported that babies conceived through what doctors call assisted reproductive technologies(ART)have 2.6 times the risk of low or very low birth weight—a significant risk factor for cardiac and cognitive problems．

例二:Diagnosis of such unrelated conditions as migraine，gall stones or ulcer of the duodenum sometime depends much more on an understanding of the patient’s history and symptoms and on knowledge of what diseases will produce than on what can be learned objectively．

四、結(jié) 語(yǔ)

上述是對(duì)科技英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)和句法結(jié)構(gòu)的粗略探討，并不是說(shuō)其特點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)只是局限于此。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展和國(guó)際間科技交流的日益增多，科技書(shū)刊和資料作為科技信息交流的重要媒介，越來(lái)越重要。目前，科技英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為英語(yǔ)科學(xué)與理工學(xué)科相結(jié)合的一門獨(dú)立學(xué)科，它除具有一般基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之外，還具有其自身特點(diǎn)?？萍既藛T在閱讀英文科技資料時(shí)遇到的困難，主要是科技英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)所致，因此更值得我們?nèi)ネ魄煤脱芯?。掌握好長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)和句法結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)指導(dǎo)科技人員閱讀科技文章有著重要的指導(dǎo)作用。參考文獻(xiàn):

［1］ R．Quirk．A Grammar of Contemporary English［M］．London:Longman，1973.

［2］ 陳偉．科技英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的句法特點(diǎn)和漢語(yǔ)譯文結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)［J］．沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2007(3)．

［3］ 董丹玲．淺談科技英語(yǔ)詞匯、句法、修辭特點(diǎn)及其翻譯［J］．牡丹江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2009(1)．

［4］ 范瑜，李國(guó)國(guó)．科技英語(yǔ)文體的演變［J］．中國(guó)翻譯，2004(5)．

［5］ 馮志杰．漢英科技翻譯指要［M］．北京:中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司，1998.

［6］ 高慶華．英漢科技翻譯中的三種句法差異的轉(zhuǎn)化［J］．綿陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2006(3)．

［7］ 何固佳．科技英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)［J］．中國(guó)科技翻譯，1998(4)．

［8］ 侯維瑞．英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)體［M］．上海:外語(yǔ)教育出版社，1996.

［9］ 李延英．科技英語(yǔ)的句法特點(diǎn)［J］．天中學(xué)刊，1996(4)．

［10］ 劉國(guó)仕．科技英語(yǔ)的句法特征分析［J］．貴州工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2007(3)．

［11］ 王力．中國(guó)語(yǔ)法理論［A］．王力文集［C］．濟(jì)南:山東教育出版社，1984.

［12］ 王泉水．科技英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧［M］．天津:天津科學(xué)出版社，1997.

［13］ 吳建蘭．科技英語(yǔ)詞匯和句法的特征及翻譯［J］．安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2005(6)．

［14］ 于建平．科技英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的分析及翻譯［J］．中國(guó)科技翻譯，2000(3)．

［15］ 張庭秀，等．科技英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精要［M］．西安:陜西人民出版社，1986.

A Tentative Analysis of Syntactic Features and Structures of Lengthy EST Sentences

DONG Ai-hua
(Xinxiang University，School of Foreign Language Xinxiang Henan 453000，China)

EST;lengthy sentences;syntactic features;syntactic structures

English for science and technology(abbreviated to EST)，as the term suggests，is a strict style of writing．Because of the influence of Latin writing style，the history of EST lengthy sentences is long-standing．The EST syntactically features are lengthy，strict and intricate，which cause much trouble to the readers’understanding．This paper mainly examines the syntactic features and structures of EST lengthy sentences from the perspective of traditional grammar．After this general analysis，this paper aims to provide a certain instructive significance for the EST readers．

H314

A

2095-2708(2012)01-0110-03

2010-10-18