從高考實(shí)例談如何培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀理解的猜詞技巧

楊彩霞

“得閱讀者得天下”，作為高考的重頭戲，閱讀理解的分?jǐn)?shù)往往決定了英語(yǔ)考試的總分。而在做閱讀理解時(shí)，生詞往往又成為學(xué)生的攔路虎。因此，猜詞能力就顯得尤為重要。本文通過(guò)高考實(shí)例列舉了一些常見(jiàn)的猜詞技巧，以幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)猜詞能力。

一、高考閱讀理解猜詞題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式

1. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph？（2010全國(guó)卷）

2.The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons _____.（2010江蘇高考）

3.The underlined word“swimmingly” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.（2011廣東）

4.What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean？（2011重慶）

二、常見(jiàn)的閱讀理解猜詞技巧

1.通過(guò)定義或解釋說(shuō)明猜詞

如，2010江蘇閱讀理解A篇的生詞題就可以借助定義或解釋說(shuō)明，得出答案為A。

Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. English-speaking people added -sor -sons. The Johnsons are descendants of John.

The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons ___.

A. later generations B. friends and relatives

C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors

通過(guò)定義或解釋說(shuō)明法猜測(cè)生詞時(shí)常借助一些信號(hào)詞，如be called, mean, as...as...，refer to, in other words， to put it another way,或者破折號(hào)等。

2.通過(guò)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜詞

如，2011重慶A篇的生詞通過(guò)對(duì)比可以得出答案為C。

There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care.To water his flowers, he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one.

What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean？

A.dirty B. dark

C. worn-out D. plain-looking

常見(jiàn)的表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有but, however, yet, while, otherwise, though, instead of,on the contrary,in contrast等。

3.通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞

如，2005上海A篇的生詞通過(guò)因果關(guān)系可以得出答案為B。

“But”，said Kim，“I feel that since you are my superior,it would be presumptous of me to tell you what to do.”

The word “presumptous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_______”.

A.full of respect

B.too confident and rude

C. lacking in experience

D. too shy and quiet

常見(jiàn)的表示因果關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有because,since, as, for, due to, owing to,as a result of,because of,on account of,thanks to, so,therefore, thus, so...that,such...that等。

4.通過(guò)同義詞猜詞

如，2010重慶A篇的生詞通過(guò)同義詞猜詞可得出答案為B。

... I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone...

What does the underlined word “disheveled”mean？

A. unfriendly B. untidy

C. gentle D. kind

常見(jiàn)的表示同義關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有or, and, like , as...as, the same as等。

5.通過(guò)舉例猜詞

如，2005年江蘇E篇的生詞題通過(guò)舉例可選出答案為B。

...William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線），good and ill together.”...

The underlined word “mingled” in the lastparagraph most probably means ________.

A.simple B.mixed

C.sad D.happy

常見(jiàn)的表示舉例法的信號(hào)詞有such, such as, like, for example，for instance等。

總之，教師在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中應(yīng)注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的猜詞技巧，這樣有助于學(xué)生擴(kuò)大詞匯量，從而提高閱讀興趣。

（作者單位 江蘇省南京六十六中學(xué)）