新教材和近幾年的高考題,都強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的交際性和實用性,但高考并沒有完全放棄語言形式,語言知識的測試。倒裝句是歷年高考的重要語法項目之一,僅2005年,倒裝句考查的分值就高達(dá)10分,其重要性可見一斑。下面就高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)中對倒裝句加以整體歸納,并就高考中倒裝句易考、易混點加以解析。
一、完全倒裝
完全倒裝就是將謂語動詞完全搬到主語之前,它可以分3種形式:
(1)方式副詞out in up down away 置于句首需用倒裝表強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:
Out went the children.
Away flew the plane.
(2)there here now then 置于句首需用倒裝。例如:
There goes the bell !
Now comes your turn .
注:此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時
(3)表示地點和相當(dāng)于地點的副詞和介詞短語置于句首,例如:
South of the river lies a small factory
In this chapter will be found the answers to those questions.
注:①全部倒裝的句子謂語常為不及物動詞;
②全部倒裝符合“名倒代不倒”的原則,即:名詞做主語倒裝,代詞做主語不倒裝。
二、部分倒裝句的9個特殊句型
(1)so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,時態(tài)、謂語形式應(yīng)與前句保持一致,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:
So+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語/…,
and so+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語/… so+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語
意義為“……也如此”,倒如:
They love having lots of friends ; so do those with disabilities.
He has been to Beijing . So have I .
He came last night, and so did I.
注:如果表示“確實如此”只是對前句的一種肯定,就不用倒裝句。其結(jié)構(gòu)常為:so+主語+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞。如:
She has passed the exam . So she has
-It was hot yesterday
-so it was
(2)nor、neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句其時態(tài)、謂語形式應(yīng)與前句保持一致,其結(jié)構(gòu)有3種形式
Neither/nor+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語
And neither/nor+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語
neither/nor+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語
意義為:“……也不這樣”,例如:
Lily can’t ride ; neither/nor can Lucy
I don’t know how to swim. Neither/nor does my sister.
注:在so引導(dǎo)倒裝句的情況下,前句應(yīng)為陳述句,在neither/nor引導(dǎo)倒裝句的情況下,前句應(yīng)為否定句,在前兩種情況下,涉及的表語和實義動詞常省略。
(3)So+adj/adv……that….用“如此……以至于……”例如:
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
So care lessly does he drive that almost killed himself.
注:在這個句型中,so引導(dǎo)的句子倒裝,而that引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝。
(4)Not only….but also….“不僅……而且……”. 例如:
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it
Not only was he forced to stay at home , but he was also forbidden to see his friends .
注意:①此句型也可寫成Not only….but…..或Not only….but….as well的形式,但是but(also)引導(dǎo)的句子必須用正常語序;
②Not only….but also….只有連接兩個分句且置句首時才用倒裝。
(5)Not until….“直到……才……”。例如:
Not until he returned did we have supper.
Not until 10:00 in the morning can he fall asleep.
注:這種句式需把not until連寫且放在句首,如果until引導(dǎo)的是句子,從句不可用倒裝,而是倒裝主句。
(6)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:
adj/n/v+as++主+謂+其它,例如:
Pretty as he is , she is not clever
Try as he would , he might fail again
Child as he was , he had to make a living
注:如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞且此句型主謂不可以倒裝。
(7)Hardly….when…./No sooner….than….意義為:“一……就……”,例如:
No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in
注意:這兩個句型中,前句必須用過去完成時,后面從句常用一般過去時,且只倒裝前句,后句不變。
(8)such置于句首時,用倒裝,意為“如此、這樣”。例如:
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple and great man
Such are the facts;no one can deny them
注:此句型中的such多被認(rèn)為是表語,所以such后的動詞應(yīng)與其后的“真正的主語”保持一致。
(9)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件名,如果省略了if,從句要用倒裝句,而主句不用倒裝,例如:
Were I not so busy, I should go with you.
Had he been here yesterday, he would have come to watch the football match.