中亞熱帶溝谷森林及經(jīng)濟(jì)植物資源科學(xué)考察研究

夏合新， 陳曉萍

(1.湖南省林業(yè)科學(xué)院，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410004； 2.湖南省林業(yè)廳，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410007)

中亞熱帶溝谷森林及經(jīng)濟(jì)植物資源科學(xué)考察研究

夏合新1， 陳曉萍2

(1.湖南省林業(yè)科學(xué)院，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410004； 2.湖南省林業(yè)廳，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410007)

2007—2009年間，我們分別科學(xué)考察了中亞熱帶典型區(qū)系湖南省雪峰山脈和武陵山脈的溝谷森林，在剖析了溝谷地帶的地形地貌，土壤和氣候等自然特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，摸清了溝谷地帶森林和經(jīng)濟(jì)植物資源，同時(shí)提出了溝谷森林自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)，通過(guò)這一科學(xué)考察，為人們認(rèn)識(shí)和了解中亞熱帶溝谷森林植被與生境提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)，對(duì)中亞熱帶溝谷森林植被的保護(hù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)植物的開(kāi)發(fā)利用具有重要意義。

中亞熱帶；溝谷森林；經(jīng)濟(jì)植物

Hunan Province is situated in the mid-subtropical temperature zone with plenty of rainfall,sufficienr sunlight and heat. The climate here belongs to monsoon-humid type.Therefore Hunan Province is one of the best place for growth and development of crops and plants in mid-subtropical temperature zone[1-2].

The shape of vertical seotion of topography in Hunan Province resembles an asymmetrical saddle[5-6]. In the west of Hunan Province lie the Xuefeng Mountains and Wuling Mountains within elevation of some 1500m. While in the east are situated several mountains-Mufu Mountains, Li-anyun Mountains, Jiuling Mountains, which are arranged in a line and about 1000m in heighe. In the south are Dupan Mountains,Mengzhu Mountains and Qitian Mountains etc with an elevation of 1000m.Dongting Lake lies in the north of Huan Province with an elevation of 30～50m.

There are about 5000 species of seed plants in Hunan Province, among which some 1900 species are mood plants. Different geomorph, topography and latitude lead to different flora. In the natural world the olimate and forests affects each other. The climate in a given area affects the distribution of a specific plant and community and their growth. On the other hand, forest ecology can alter the local microclimate and climate in forests. This gives the gully forests a special place. The comparison of tracheophyta species among Hunan Province and other parts of china is given as follows:

Tab.1 ThecomparisonoftrachephytaspeciesofHunanProvinceandotherpartofChinaPteridophyteSeedplantTotalRatio(%)Hunan175931168EasternChina17044961953.0SouthernChina11440652044.7SouthwestChina15235250443.2NorthernChina5212617815.2NorthwestChina717619315.7NortheastChina1679958.1

This expeditior was conducted between 1989 and 1994. The typical gullys-Nanshan Gully belionging to Xuefeng Wuling Mountains were chosen for study.

1 Natural Conditions of the Gullys

Nanshan Gully is located at the crossing between the south end of Xuefeng Mountains and the west end of Yueye ling Mountains with an high elevation. Two gullys-Qingxi Gully and Yangshi Gully are formed between these two mountains. Qingxi Gully was developed from sandstone. It’s soil is red soil, or yellowish red soil, or mountainous area Zheltozem or mountainous areadrab soils or mountainous area meadow soil with pH 4.5～5.5. Yangshi Gully was developed from metamorphic rock. Most of it's soil is redish yellow soil and greyish yellow soil with pH 5.6～6. This kind of soil is sticky and rioh in mineral nutrition. The annual mean temperature is 16.1℃。The highest monthly mean temperature is 38.5℃ and the lowest-8.1℃。 The annual sunny time is 1360.2 hours. The precipitation is 1228.6mm. The frostfree time is 236 days.

Wuling Gully is located among the boundaries of Zhangjiajie, Yongshun County and Yuanling County. The soil of the gully is mountainous area Zheltozem or of lime nature with pH 5.5～6.5 and 6.4～7.8 respectively. The annual mean temperature is 36.9℃ and lowest 14.1℃.The annual sunshine is 1280.6 h. The annual precipitation is 1613.8 mm.The frostfree time is 263clays.

2 The Vegetational Form of the Gully Forests

2.1AnalysisoftheGullyForestComponents

Most of the spcimens, some 1208, exanined in this study were collected during expeditions.Some specimens were provided by Central-South University of Forestry and Technology, Southern China Plant Institute, Shanghai Techical Teachers College, Forestry Bureau of Chengbu Minority Auto-nomous County,Forestry Bureau of Yuanling. A total of 1228 species or variations of tracheophyta, belonging to 538 genera, 167 families were identified. Among them 541 species are woody plants. Pteridophyte were rich in the gully. Some 176 species, belonging to 74 genera,34 families were found. However, the gymnosperm were relatively fewer. Only 11 species of 11 genera belonging to 5 gamilies are recorded. ExceptCryptomciafortuneiwas introduced, the rest are all local species. On the slope faoing south between Samudong and Xiongxi, there were mixture of Masson pine(Pinusmassonianalanb) and evergreen broadleaves. While on the slope facing north the mixtures ofCunighamialanciolata(lamb.)Hook and evergreen vrodleaves were established at Xishaxi and Xiongwang. On the top of the mountains of Banlibo small areas ofPseudotsugasinensisDode were mixed with evergreen broadleaves. Besides are occassionly seen on the moderately steep slope and blaack stone. Although the species were fow, most of them are only to China such asPseudotsugasinensis,Cuninghamialanceclata,Cupressusfunebris,Juniperusformosana,Cephalotaxusfartunei.TaxuschinensisandTorreyafagesiietc. These species are relict plant, which reflected the traits of flora of the gully forests.

There were many angiosperm in the gully. Approximately 943 soecies belonging to 447 genera,125families were identified. The largest family was Rosaceae (19:54),and next come Leguminosae(27:45),Lauraceae(8:36),Compositae(23:30),Fagaceae(6:26),The families of the rest which had more than 10 spedies were Theaceae(7:24),Caprifoliaceae(3:17),Magnoliaceae(7:16),Vitaceae(5:16),Rhamnaceae(4:16),Saxifragaceae(10:15),Euphobiaceae(8:15),Ranunoulaceae(5:11),Ericaceae(6:13),Rutaceae(5:13),Oleaceae(5:13),Araliaceae(9:13),Labiatae(12:13),Aquifoliaceae(1:12),Moraceae(4:12),Cornaceae(6:12),Aceraceae(1:11),Sorphulariaceae(8:10),Myrsinaceae(2:10).These 28 families were the dominant components of the Jiaomu Gully forests because they covered 53% of the genera and 58% of the species. Abor such asLauraceae,FagaceaerMagnoliaceaeshrubsand some deciduous trees which liked calcium and native to the limestone areas made up the main party of Jianmu Gully forests.Rosaceae,Legumimosae,CaprifoliaceaeVerbenaceae,though having many species,are the secondry part due to including a lot of small shrubs and liana. This was just the nature of flora of evergreen broadleaf area in the limestone area in the mid-subtropical Zone.

2.2TheBasisFeaturesoftheGullyForests

The plants in China can be divided into 15 distribution types(Tab.2).The plants represerting these 15 types could be found in the 518 genena which existed in the gully forests.This result indicated that flora of gullys is Very abundant. Of the 15 types plants in PanTorrid Zone the most abundant. There were 90 genera which covers 19.5% of the tatal. They were mainly Ficus,Diospyrus, Ilex, Euonmymus, Impatiens, Andisia, Qrmosia, Dendropanax, Sohefflera, Glchidion, Styrax, Symplocos and Terstroemia etc.Among these genena,Ilex covered 12 species,symplocos 9 species, Ardisia 8 species,and Ficus 6 species. These soecies are mainly developed from palaeo southern land.The current centre of distribution is located in tropical zone. Therefore these species in the gully forest should be considered as rudiment distribution.

Tab.2 TheDistributionTypesoftheGullyForestsTypeofDistributionNumberofGeneraratiotothetotal1Worldwide512Pan-tropic9019.53TropicalAsia-TropicalAmerica153.04Tropicalpalearctic286.15TropicalAsia-TropicalPacific184.06TropicalAsia-TropicalAfrica184.07TropicalAsia5111.08NorthernTemperatezone7416.09EasternAsia-NorthernAmerica429.110TropicalpaleancticTemperaturezone194.111TemperateAsia40.912Mediterranean,WesternAsia10.213CentralAsia10.214EasternAsia8618.515NativetoChina163.6

There are 51 genera in the tropical Asia,Which occupy 11% of the total genera. The main genera representing this type wereMichelia,Manglitia,Kaelsura,Daphriphyllum,Sarcococca,Schima,Nothopodytes,Machilus,Nelitsea,Duchesneaetc, They are usually large evergreen arbor tree or bushes. They formed the main components of the evergreen in the broadleaf arbor arbor and bush forests. Some 28 genena of the palearctic type were tropical components which was 6.1% of the total.The typical genera wereAlbizia,Mallotus,Mellia,Alangium,Visscum,Evodia,Elatostenr,Cayratia,Asparagusetc. These species are most often deciduous arbor, bushes or grasses occouring under the tree. A total of 15 genera belong to tropical Asia type and tropical America which was 3.0% of the total. The typical genera were as follows:Sloanea,Phoebe.Listsea,Meliosma,Eurya,Miorotropis,Picrasma.Turpinia,Sageretiaetc. The origin of majority arised from the ancient families and genera which existed in the Tertiary Period.

The Tropical Asia-tropical Africa Type includes 18 species, which cover 4.0% of the to-tal.The typical genera wereGriradinia,Toddatia,Lasianthus,Hederaetc. Most of them were bushes and Liana. A total of 18 genera belonged to the Tropical Asia-Tropical pacific Type, which occupys 4% of total. Thetypical genera wereToona,Cudrania,Ailanthus,Wikstroemia,Elaecarpus,Cinnamomum,Nothopanax,Legerstroemia,Alniphyllumetc.

The genus number of the six tropical distribution types add up to 220, which covers 47.8%of the total, this result indicates that the gully forests have a very close relationship with the tropical plants. This is esoecially in the case of the components of these above tropical types. This is because that a Large number of species of the gully forests stem from the ancient families and genera of the Tertiary period, Though some with single or a few specics. This is the strongest evidence that the flora of gully forests were developed from the tropical zone. It was just these components which was the main body of flora of forests in Xuefeng Mountains and Wuling Mountains.

2.3PlantCommunityoftheGullyForests

There are homogeneeity and hetenogeneity between these two plant communities of the gully forests due to different topography, geomorphology and micronclimate existed between them.

2.3.1 Classigication System of Vegetation Form of Xuefens Mountains Gully Forests.

Ⅰ Warm Temperate Evergreen Conifer Forest

1. Form.Pinusmassoniana

2. Form.Pseudotsugasinensis

3. Form.PKwangtungensisChun ex Tsiang

Ⅱ Deciduous Broadleaf Forest

1.Form.Liquidanbarformosana

2.Form.CarpinsViminea

3.Form.C.hinensis+Dendrobenthamiajaponica+Bretschneiderasinensis

Ⅲ Mixture of Evergreen, Deciduous Broadleaves

1.Form.Acerwilsonii+Cyckibalanopsisglauca

2.Form.Pistaciachinensis+Quercusphillyaeoides

3.Form.Cyanopsisgracilis+CaroinusViminea

4.Form.Cuclobalanopsismultinervis

5.Form.CyclocaryaPaliurus+Sloaneahemsleyana

Ⅳ Evergreen Brodleaf Forest

1.Form.Castanipsiseyrei

2.Form.Phoebebournei

3.Form.Castanopsisfargesii

4.Form.Quercusengleriana

5.Form.Distyliummyricoides

6.Form.Quercusacrodata

7.Form.Micheliamartinii

8.Form.SyoopsissinensisChang

9.Form.Machiluspauhoi

10.Form.S.superbaGardn. etchamp

11.Form.Lithocarpuscleistocarpuss. etw.

12.Form.Rh.polystichumFang

Ⅴ Temperate Bamboo Forest

1. Form.P.pubescensMazol ex H. de Lehaie

Ⅵ Evergreen Broadleaf Brushwood Forest

1.Form.Buxussinica(Rehd.etwils.)Cheng

Ⅶ Evergreen Broadleaf Bush Forest

1.Form.CamelliacuspidataWighe+Sinarundinaianitida(Mitf.)Nakai

Ⅷ Decidious Broadleaf Bush Forest

1.Form.WeigelajaponicaThunb

2.Form.JasminumcathayenseChun ex Chia

2.3.2 Classification System of Vegetation Form of Wuling Mountains Gully Forests.

Ⅰ Temperate Evergreen Conifer Forest

1. Form.Pinusmassoniana

2. Form.Pseudotsugasinensis

3. Form.Cunninghamialanceolata

Ⅱ Deciduous Broadleaf Forest

1.Form.Fraxinusflorivunda

2.Form.Liquidambarformosana

3.Form.Meliosmakirkii

4.Form.Foryluschinensis

5.Form.Carpinuspolyneura

6.Form.Cornusmacrophylla

7.Form.C.chinensis+Dendrobenthamiajaponica+Bretschneideraainensis

Ⅲ Mixture of Evergreen, Deciduous Broadleaves

1.Form.Acerwilsonii+Cyclobalanopsisglauca

2.Form.Fistaciachinensis+Quercusphillyraecides

3.Form.Cyclobalanopsisgracilis+Carpinusviminea

4.Form.Fyclobalanopsismultinervis+CarpinuspolyneuraFranch

5.Form.Moruscathayana+Linderamegaphylla

6.Form.Cyclocaryapaliurus+Sloaneahemsleyana

7.Form.Pteroceltistatarinowii+CyclobalanopsisglaucaOerst

8.Form.Toonaciliata+Machiluslichuanensis

Ⅳ Evergreen Broadleaf Forest

1.Form.Actinodaphneobscurinervia

2.Form.Cyclobalanopsisglauca(Thunb.)Oerst

3.Form.Machiluspauhoi

4.Form.Micheliamartinii

5.Form.Distyliummyricoides

6.Form.Castanopsisfargesii

7.Form.Fhoebebournei

8.Form.Castanopsiseyrei

Ⅴ Hard Evergreen Broadleaf Forest

1. Form.Quercusacrodata

2. Form.QuercusphillyraeoidesA. Gray

3. Form.Quercusengleriana

2.3.3 There are 18 kinds of plants pretected mainly of our Country in Xuefeng Mountains and Wuling Mountains Gully Forest, Coutry Second class plant pretectedCephalotaxusoliveriMast,Liriodendronchinense(Hemsl)Sarg,ManglietiapatungensisHu,BretschneiderasinensisHemsl,EucommiaulmoidesOliv,Eurycotymbuscavaletiei(Levl)R.et H. M andEmmeipteryshenryiOliv: third class plants pretected:PseudotsugasinensisDode,MagnoliabilobaR.et W,PteroceltistatarinowiiMaxim,CoryluschinensisFranch,Dysosmaversipellis(Hance)M,Cheng,CoptischinensisFranch,Phoebeboumei(Hemsl) Yang,Phoebezhennans. Lec et F. N. Wei,OrmosiahosieiHemal. et Wils,TabisciasinensisOliv,ToonaciliataRoem,StewartiasinensisRehd.et Wils andGastrodiaelataBl.

3 Resources of Economic Plants

The geograohic conditions, microclimate in thd gullys of Xuefeng Mountains and Wuling Mauntains are very suitable for the growth and development. Among them an array of economicl plants occoured,Actually these plants serve as a gene.

3.1TimberPlants

There were 300 species of plants occoured in these gullys which can be used as timber. There were not only daily utilizedCunighamiaLanciolata(Lamb.) Hooke, Masson pine, but a lot of famous timber specios. All the distinguished four in China. “CinnmomumCam-phora(L.) presl,CatalpaovataDon,Phoebeburneiwere(Hemal)Yang and Lithocarpus B1.” Distributed in these gullys. These species were very often the important of the commu-nity. They had a large volum of timber reserve. For instancesCinnmomumcamphora(L.) presl,CinnamomumpauciflorumNees, belong toCinnmomumcamphora(L.) presl,SassafrastzumuHemsl, belonging toCatalpaovataDon,Phoebeboumei(Hemsl.)yang,P.taberi(Hemsl.)yang,P.hunanensisH, M.,P.neurantha(Hemsl) Ying,Cyclobalanopsisglauca,Cyclobanopsisgilva(B1.) Oerst,QuercusmultinervisCheng,LithocarpusfenestratusRehd etc, belonging toLithocarpusB1.can be found.MoreoverToonaciliataRoem var,Pubescens(Franch)H.M peach flower heartmood of China, with beautiful grain and some fine grain wood species such asOrmosiahosieiHemsl. Etwils,EmmenopteryshenryiOliv,Coryluschinensis,AesculusWilsoniiRehd which were fough and pliable grow in the gullys.These are all native species which grow fast and is worth being exploited. There are, besides, many species which can be utilized to engrave fine work materials, sach asB.Sinica(R,et W.)M. Cheng,Ilexpurpurea,SyzygiumbuxifoliumHook. Et Arn and so on.

3.2Medicinalplants

There are about 600 species of medicinal plants, which coved 35.3% of plants of Hunan Province. Such asEucommiaulmoidesOliv,Chaenomelessinensis(Touin) Koeh-ne,Eriobotryajaponica(Thunb.) Lindl,E.rutaecarpa(Juss.) benth,Cinnamomumsp.,NagnoliaoffieinalisRehd, et Wils,M.lilifloraDesr,IllicumhenryiDiels,CoptischinenssFranch and so on.

3.3OrnamentalPlants

Some 460 species are identified now. Those which bloom in the spr-ing with a lot of white flower and often in cluster wereCornuscontroversaHemsl,C.maoroph-yllaWall various soecies ofPhotiniaserrulataLindl,PrunuspseudocerasusLindl,Alniphyllumfortunei(Hemsl) perk. Besides, orimson flowers such asIllicumhenryiDiels,IllicumverumHook.F.cameinto flower in the spring too.MoreoverOmulticolouredRh,SimsiiplanchRh,OvatumplanchvariusSpiraea sp.,TiliatuanSzysz,Weiglajaponicavar.sinica(Rehd.)BaileyancC.goeringii(Rchb.f.) Rchb. F.,Cymbidiumensifolium(L.) Sw.,GoodycraschiechtendalianaRchb. F., variousCalanthediscolorLindl serve not only as ornamental plants but also as nectarsource.In the autumn firelikePunicagranatumL. Dazzling yellow flowers of (Wang shan)KoelreuteriapaniculataLaxmwere in floom. Moreover the branches rich with fruits in various colours attractive scene. In the winterChimonanthusnitensOliv came into flower resisting to cold. BesidesMicheliamaudiaeDunn,MicheliafloribundeFinet Gagnep,MicheliabodinieriFinet et Gagnep.MicheliaPlatupetalaH.M with large white flowers, purplish redMagnolialilifloraDesr.,Weigelajaponicavar.sinica(Rehd.)Baileycan also be seen in the winter.There wasA.griseum(Franch.) pax with beautiful shape and perplish red bark; smooth bark and tall coruusWilsonianaWanger, There were stillRehd.,SassafrastzumuHemsi.,Lirioclendronchinensis(Hemsl.)sarg,LiquidambarformosanaHance etc. There were some species which can be utilized as hedge, for instancesPterolobiumpunctatumHook. Et Arn.,VariousIlexpurpureaHassk,Bsinica(R. et W.)M. Cheng and other small bushes. Plants such asGoodyoraschlenhtendalianaRchbf.,Reincckiacamea(Addr.) Kunth,Rohdeajaponica(Thunb.) koth,Lycoris.Wisteriasinen-sis, variousParthenocissusheterophylla,Vitissp.,Hederanepalensisvar.sinensis(Tobl.)Rehdand some other liana can be planted to form liana corridor or frame.

3.4Oilplants

About 70 species are found rich in oil. There were species such asComelliaoleifera,SloaneahemsleyanaRhed. etWils,C.wilsonianaWanger,JuglanscathayensisDede,Ailanthusaltissima(mill.)Aswingle,F.longipetiolataSeem,C.pitardiicoh-Start, could produce ediable oil. Which sees ofVerniciafordii(Hemsl.)Airy-Shaw,M.ichangensisR.et W.,MlichuanensisCheng,P.glabra(Thunb)Maxim,S.sebiferum(L.)Roxb,CoriaiasinicaMaxim,Ailanthusaltissima(mill.) Swingle,MallotusjaponicusMuell-Arg.,Rhuspunjabensisvar.sinica(Diels) Rehd. Et Wits.PistaciachinensisBunge. Etc. are rich with industrial oil which can be used to gabricate soap, paint, Lubrication oil, printing ink.

3.5AromaticPlants

There were 80 species of this category, Most of them belong toLauraceae,Magnoliaceae,Rutaceae. The fist family includesMicheliamaudiaeDunn,M.platypetalaH.M.,MagnoliadenudataDesr.,IllicumhenryiDiels etc. The second family coversL.communisHemsl,L.pulcherrima(wall) Benth,L.glauca(S.et Z.)Bl,L.cubeba(Laur) Ders and various L.oungens Hemsl. The last family includesE.rutaecarpa(Juss) Benth,Pcncirustrifolius(L.) Rafin and variousZanthoxylum. There were a few numbers ofJ.paucicostataMaxim,A.Chinensisplanch,S.caudataWall. exA. Dc,BuddlejadavidiiFranch,Caryopterisincana(Thunb.)Miq,Agastacherugosus(Fisch.et Meyer) Kuntze and so on. Essence and aromatis oinment can be extracted from these plants to fabricate soap, cosmectics and food etc.

3.6Fibreplants

There were 100 species of fibre plants in the gullys, which can be utilized to make rope,paper or artificial cotton, such asB.papyrifera(L.) vent,BroussonetiakazinokiS. et z.,GrewlabilobaD.Don., Tilia ssp.,WilstroemiacanesensMeissn.,IdesiapolycarpaMaxim,PlatycaryastrobilaceaS. et Z.,pterocaryastenopteraC.DC.,JuglanscathayensisDede,pteroceltistatarinowiiMaxim,FF.puminaL.pueraria,Sargentodoxacuneata(Oliv) Rehd.et Wils,Sptehaniajaponica(Thunb.)Miers,Bambusoideae,Aphanantheaspera(B1.) planch,Boehmerianivea(L.)Gand,GiradiniacuspidataWede,F.sarmentosavar.henryi(King) Correr,Cudoaniacochinchinensis(Lour.) Kado et Masam,F.heteromorphaHemsl etc.

3.7SugarandStarchplants

About 150 species of sugar and starch plants were identified, such asQuercus,Lithocarpus,Castanopsis,CyclobalanopsisofFagaceae; In addition,CoryluschinensisFranch,C.heterophyllavar.SutchenesFranch,MornusalbaL.,Cudraniatriouspidata(Garr.) Bur,.RosalaevigataMichx,D,japonicavar.chinensis(Osb.) Fang,Actinidiassp.,Pteridium, and so on.

3.8TanninExtractplants

Some 50 species of tanin extract plants were distributed in these two gullys suchasC.mollisimaBl.,C.sequiniiDode.Castaneahenryi(sban)Rehd et wils.,C.tibetanaHance,QuercusvariabilisBl.,QuercusacutissimaCarr.,Cylobalanopsisglauca(Thunb.) Oerst., etc belonging to Fagaceae. In addition,PhotiniaserulataLindl.,RhuschinensisMill.,Toxicodendronsuccedaneum(L.) Kuntze,Rhuspunjabensisvar.sinica(Dies) R.et W.,Pistaciachinensis,RosacymosaTratt,CoriariasinicaMaxim,IlexmicrococcaMaxim etc were also found.

Except for these above economic plants, many fruit trees likeActinidiachinensisplanch,DendrobethamiajaponicaVar.chinensis(Osb.) Fang,Vacciniumsprengelii(G.Don) Sheum,VacciniumbracteatumThunb,Pyruspyrifolia(Burm.f.) Nakai,DiospyrosKakiL.f.,PrunusPadusL.,KadsuralongipedunculataFinet et Gagnep.,Akebiaquinata(Thunb.)Decne were easily found.LithocarpuscleistocarpusS.et W.,SymplocoslancifoliaS.et Z.,LonicerajaponicaThunb.,Gynostemapentaphyllum(Thunb.) makino,CrataeguspinnatifidaBunge were also found in the two gullys whose flowers or leaves can be used to substitute for tea. The seeds ofAsparaguscochinchinensis(Lour.)Merr can substitute for coffee. Rubber can be extracted fromHydrangeastrigosaRehd,EuonymusmyricanthusHemsl.,TrachelospermumaxillareHook. f.,Some plants are excellent green manure, for instances,IndigoferaichangensisCraib,LespedezabuergeriMiq.,vicia sativa L.,Discocleidiorufescens(Franch.) pax et Hoffm.,CoriariasinicaMaxim.,VitexnegundoL.etc. Other plants are good nectar plants, such as various species ofTiliatunaSz-ysz.,CornusmacrophyllaWall,ClethramonostachyaH.M.,Weigelajaponicavar.sinica(Rehd.) Bailey,Euryajabonicathunb,SchimasuperbaGardn. et Champ can be planted to form fire prot-ection belt.

4 Preservation of Natural Environment

The gullys of Xuefeng Mountains and Wuling Mountains in Hunan Province are unique on their nich, large number of tree soecies and ancient trees. Besides the forest community is endemic too. These are rare even in the mid-subtropical zone of China. These gullys are considered as nature tree gardens and gene popl of tree species. Therefore It is of great impotance to the research on the trees grown on limestone at Wuling Moutains area[3-4]. The rare ancient species, medicinal plants, aromatic, ornamental, fruit trees and the unique forests community can be exploited, or utilized to serve as research materials[7]. However, the impotance of these gullys are not known to everybody, especially those who live near these gullys. This lead to some adverse management of the forests.

This expedition tells us that much leaves to be done to preserve these rare forest resources. It is our suggestion that to establish an nature presevertion area as soon as possible to pretect the gene pool. Hence these gullys could be served as a base of rosearch, education and tree introduction. We hope that the forests in the gullys evergreen, and water everclean.

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Anexplorationofgullyforestanditseconomicplantresourcesinmid-subtropicalzone

XIA Hexin1, CHEN Xiaoping2

(1.Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; 2.Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China)

The gully forests at Xuefeng Moutains and Wuling Mountains in the mid-subtropical zone were investigated during 2007 to 2009. Based on the analysis of topography and geomorphology, topography, soil, climatic and other natural conditions, the gully forests and its economic plant resource were investigated, and the protection of natural ecological environment were pointed out in the paper.Through this scientific investigation, it provided a scientific basis for the knowledge of gully forest and habitat in mid-subtropical zone, and it had a great significance for the plant protection and economic development and utilization of gully forest in mid-subtropical zone.

mid-subtropical zone; gully forest; economic plants

2011-09-25

2011-10-12

夏合新(1957-)，男，湖南省桃江縣人，研究員，主要從事林木遺傳資源調(diào)查、經(jīng)濟(jì)原料林等領(lǐng)域的研究。

S 79

A

1003-5710(2011)05-0012-06

10. 3969/j. issn. 1003-5710. 2011. 05. 004

(文字編校：楊 駿，張 珉)