院士風(fēng)采

馮蘭洲1903.08.24～1972.01.29

昆蟲學(xué)家。山東臨朐人。1929年畢業(yè)于山東濟南齊魯大學(xué)醫(yī)正科，并獲加拿大多倫多大學(xué)授予的醫(yī)學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院寄生蟲病研究所教授、所長。確定了我國瘧疾和絲蟲病的主要蚊蟲媒介，并對媒介白蛉傳播黑熱病的作用進行了深入研究，為防止我國主要的寄生蟲病提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)和理論基礎(chǔ)；參加擬訂了《寄生物學(xué)名詞》、《無脊椎動物名詞》、《昆蟲學(xué)名詞》、《蜱蟎學(xué)名詞》等。

1957年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Entomologist. Born in Linqu, Shandong Province. Graduated from the Department of Clinic Medicine, Qilu University in 1929. Received MD from the University of Toronto, Canada. Professor and director,Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Feng identified the main mosquito vectors transmitting malaria and filariasis in China, and intensively studied the role of sandflies in the transmission of Kala-azar. These findings provided a scientific and theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the main parasitoses in China. He also participated in drafting the “ Parasitology Terms”m“Invertebrate Terms”.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

王善源1907.11.11～1981

微生物學(xué)家。原籍福建福州，生于印度尼西亞。1929年畢業(yè)于荷蘭萊登大學(xué)醫(yī)療系，1938年畢業(yè)于法國巴黎大學(xué)物理數(shù)學(xué)系，1948年畢業(yè)于英國倫敦EMI學(xué)院電子機器系，先后分別獲醫(yī)學(xué)博士、物理學(xué)博士和電子工程學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位。中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院流行病學(xué)微生物學(xué)研究所研究院。專長醫(yī)學(xué)、物理學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué) 、電子學(xué)、化學(xué)，研究工作涉及很多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域。尤其在醫(yī)學(xué)生物物理方面造詣頗深；曾親自赴云南、河北小五臺山、山西五臺山和大同等地開展肺結(jié)核和腫瘤方面的現(xiàn)場實地調(diào)查工作；為了研究宇宙輻射和肺結(jié)核、腫瘤的關(guān)系，先后兩次登上五臺山，在海拔2400～3000米的高山上從事實驗研究工作，取得了大量實驗室所得不到的寶貴材料。

1957年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Microbiologist. Born in Indonesia. Graduated from the Department of Medicine, Leiden University, the Netherlands in 1929, Department of Physical Mathematics, Paris University, France in 1938, Department of Electronic Machinery, London EMI College, UK in 1948, where he received MD, Ph.D. and B. Sc. In electronic engineering, respectively.Professor, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Wang had expertise in the fields of medicine, physics,amthematics, electronics and chemistry. He studied and dealt with a wide range of disciplines, especially with great attainments in medical biophysics. He went to Yunnan Province, Little Wutai Mountain of Hebei Province, Wutai Mountain and Datong of Shansi Province and other places to investigate the pulmonary tuberculoses and tumor.He climbed up the Wutai Mountain twice to explore the relationship between the cosmic radiation and pulmonary TB and tumor. He worked on the mountains with an elevation of 2,400 to 3,000m, where he collected a large amount of data which were unlikely to be obtained in the laboratories.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

劉思職1906.03.15～1983.08.18

生物化學(xué)家。福建仙游人。1926年畢業(yè)于美國西南大學(xué)，1929年獲美國堪薩斯大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。北京醫(yī)學(xué)院教授。30年代，主要研究免疫化學(xué)及蛋白質(zhì)變性，如抗原抗體復(fù)合物的解離及提純等。他的研究工作大部分是于吳憲合作的。創(chuàng)造性地用化學(xué)定量方法研究抗原抗體的沉淀反應(yīng)，并定量回收抗體。證明用不同抗原同時注射時，產(chǎn)生的抗體各為獨立而不相混淆的物質(zhì)。以甲醇低溫處理免疫血清獲得一種堿性球蛋白，并證明其為抗體蛋白。50年代以后，從事低級抗體、激素對抗體生成的影響、抗體生成機制以及氨代謝的研究。劉思職是著名的教育家，50年代初由他主持首次制定的《生物化學(xué)名詞草案》，統(tǒng)一了全國的生物化學(xué)名詞。1954年他主編的《生物化學(xué)大綱》是我國第一部自編的中文生物化學(xué)教科書。

1957年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Biochemist. Born in Xianyou, Fujian Province. Graduated from the Southwest University of Kansas in 1929. Professor, Beijing Medical College.

In the 1930s, Liu’s major research interests were in the field of immunochemistry and protein denaturation, such as the dissociation and purification of antigen-antibody complexes. He collaborated with Dr. Wu Xian on most of his research work. They established a creative method that was used to study the precipitation reaction of antigens with antibodies and to quantitatively recover the antibodies from the precipitate. They proved that different antibodies, which were completely different entities, could be produced when different antigens were injected together. They also found that when antiserum was treated with methyl alcohol at low temperature, a basic globulin with high potent immunoactivity was obtained. After the 1950s, he worked in the field of the secondary antibody, he mechanisms of antibody biosynthesis and the metabolism of ammonia. He was a famous educator. In the early 1950s, he first edited the “Chinese-English Biochemical Terms”, which unified the usage of biochemical terminology in China. He was also chief editor of “ Oouline of Biochemistry”, which was the first biochemistry textbook in Chinese.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

湯飛凡1897.07.23～1958.09.30

微生物學(xué)家。湖南醴陵人。1921年畢業(yè)于湘雅醫(yī)學(xué)院。衛(wèi)生部北京生物制品研究所所長。中國第一代病毒學(xué)家，也是最早研究支原體的微生物學(xué)家之一。早在30年代和魏曦共同對支原體進行了研究，否定了沙眼細菌病因說，為病毒病因說奠定了基礎(chǔ)?？谷諔?zhàn)爭期間，在昆明重建了中央防疫處，為解放區(qū)生產(chǎn)了大量的血清和疫苗，還建立了青霉素試驗廠，為預(yù)防天花、黃熱病、鼠疫等疫病做了大量的工作。1955年與張曉樓等協(xié)作，首次應(yīng)用雞胚接種方法從沙眼病人的眼結(jié)膜刮屑物中分離培養(yǎng)沙眼病原體，找出了一些預(yù)防沙眼的方法，解決了沙眼致盲問題，為預(yù)防和治療沙眼做出了貢獻。1981年獲國際沙眼防治組織追贈頒發(fā)的“沙眼金質(zhì)獎?wù)隆薄?/p>

1957年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Microbiologist. Born in Liling, Hunan Province. Graduated from Xiangya Medical College in 1921. Director, Institute of Biological Products, Ministry of Public Health.

Tang was one of the earliest virologists and microbiologists who conducted research on mycoplasma. In the early 1930s, he and Wei Xi studied mycoplasma and negated the bacteriogenic hypothesis of trachoma, which laid a foundation for the virogenetic hypothesis of this disease. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he rebuilt the Central Epidemic Prevention Station in Kunming. This station produced a large amount of serum and vaccine for the liberated areas.He also set up a penicillin trial plant and did a great deal on the prevention of epidemic disease such as smallpox, yellow fever and plague. In collaboration with Zhang Xiaolou, he was the first to separate Chlamydia trachomatis from the conjunctiva scrapings of trachoma patients by using chick embryo inoculation method in 1955. He made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of trachoma. For example, he found some ways to prevent trachoma and solved the problems related to trachoma-caused blindness. In 1981, he won the“Trachoma Gold Medal ” awarded by the International Organization of Trachoma Prevention.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.