郭春梅
(湖北省武漢市新洲區(qū)第一初級中學(xué))
1.1 定意:通讀全文,了解大意。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生到整篇文章中去尋找需要的信息的能力。
1.2 定性:分析句子的句法結(jié)構(gòu),確定詞性。
1.3 定形:分析句子的時態(tài)、語態(tài),和句法結(jié)構(gòu)來確定用詞形式。
從近幾年武漢市中考中填詞主要考查動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞,也是語言使用最為活躍的詞類。它們的用法較多,靈活性較強,因此,在平時教學(xué)中除幫助學(xué)生對意義相近的詞進行積累以外,應(yīng)對這幾類詞的一詞多義、一詞多性,如help,work,right,keep,stay,need,interest等熟練掌握。
動詞后作賓語、介詞后作賓語、冠詞之后、數(shù)詞之后
例:So George ordered him into the back seat and got behind the wheel.
例:Martin was a minister in a church,and it was three villages away from Catherine’s.
主要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及其所有格形式。
動詞出現(xiàn)的背景
主賓或介賓之間的動詞;be動詞后的動詞:進行時與被動語態(tài);情態(tài)動詞之后缺動詞;并列關(guān)系中的動詞;主謂分離后的謂語動詞形式;分詞后置作定語:過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。
例: Bill didn’t agree with his father,because he thought it was too late...
例:One night,after attending a birthday party,Ann walked home along the quiet road.
例:Young Tom was drawing a picture in his room when his mother came in...
例:Bell,who later moved to Canada,spent all his spare time experimenting and working...
例:the boys taught by their parents at home are cleverer than the ones who are studying at school.
主要考慮是要填動詞的謂語形式 (原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、現(xiàn)在分詞及其過去分詞形式。)還是填動詞的非謂語形式(不定式,v—ing,過去分詞)
形容詞出現(xiàn)的背景
作表語、作定語、用在某些動詞后作賓語補足語
例: ...if you are honest to them,they’ll believe you more...
例:...fewer people in that village care about their parents now than ten years ago...What he did made her happy.
主要考慮形容詞原形、比較級、最高級形式。
副詞出現(xiàn)的背景
1.句首
例:...generally speaking,middle school students complain about their teachers and parents...
2.在含有助動詞與實義動詞構(gòu)成的時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)之間
例:...he realized that he had already fallen in love with Catherine and he wanted to marry her...
3.在動賓結(jié)構(gòu)之后或系表結(jié)構(gòu)之間表程度、方式
例:...I like singers who can sing the words clearly.
例:Catherine realized that he had not understood her correctly
例:...I found him running alone,nobody together with him...
副詞詞形技巧:
主要考慮副詞在句中的位置。
對所填詞定性、定形可能是一般學(xué)生最頭痛的問題。我們教師除了教會學(xué)生如何分析最基本的句法結(jié)構(gòu)之外,還可以在詞意和用法的積累方面給學(xué)生一些幫助。今天我重點就如何幫助學(xué)生解決“想不出來”的問題談?wù)勎易约旱目捶?。我主要是在平時教學(xué)中要求學(xué)生對相同或相關(guān)意義的詞進行積累,同時,也對首字母相同的,但意義或用法不同的詞,并在填詞中出現(xiàn)機率大的必備詞匯的用法進行區(qū)別。
下面是我平時的一些積累,希望能與各位老師共同分享:
can,could,may,might,must,will,would,should,be going to,make,let,have,would rather,had better,why,why not等。
feel,find,look,see,watch,notice,remember,forget,mean,等。
be,get,look,turn,go,become,smell,sound,taste,remain,stay,keep,make,etc
首字母相同,意義或用法不同的詞
⑴ behind,back⑵ agree,answer⑶between both⑷rise reach,raise⑸die,death,dead⑹lie,lay⑺strict,serious⑻chance,change⑼full,fill⑽feel,fall⑾lively,lovely⑿l(wèi)uck,lucky,luckily⒀pass,past⒂succeed,success,successful⒃teach,train⒄whether,weather⒅wonder,want⒆unusual,usual⒇quite,quiet
我認(rèn)為學(xué)生首先只有被輸入才能輸出,頭腦中沒裝著東西,肯定想不出來。所以在平時教學(xué)中,只要遇到相關(guān)的詞我就會將他們串到一起,要求學(xué)生掌握這些出現(xiàn)頻率高的詞。
[1]教育部.中學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱[M].北京教育出版社.2003.
[2]教育部.中學(xué)英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M].人民教育出版社.2007.