范鈺 吳鶯 徐軍 鐘錫明
·論著·
沉默畸胎瘤衍生生長因子-1基因?qū)σ认侔┘?xì)胞株P(guān)ANC1侵襲力的影響
范鈺 吳鶯 徐軍 鐘錫明
目的探討TDGF-1基因沉默對(duì)胰腺癌細(xì)胞株P(guān)ANC1侵襲力的影響。方法設(shè)計(jì)并合成3個(gè)(S1、S2、S3)靶向TDGF-1 基因的小干擾RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA),篩選出沉默效果最好的siRNA。以該siRNA的不同濃度(3.125、6.25、12.5 nmol/L)轉(zhuǎn)染PANC1細(xì)胞,并設(shè)對(duì)照組和脂質(zhì)體組。采用實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR和Western blotting檢測TDGF-1 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá),以軟瓊脂集落培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)和Boyden小室檢測癌細(xì)胞的錨著不依賴性增殖和侵襲能力,并將轉(zhuǎn)染48 h的細(xì)胞接種裸鼠,觀察癌細(xì)胞的體內(nèi)侵襲。結(jié)果siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞的TDGF-1 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平呈濃度和時(shí)間依賴性下降,且較脂質(zhì)體組明顯降低(P值均<0.01)。對(duì)照組細(xì)胞集落形成數(shù)和穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)分別為19.8±2.2和49.8±2.6;siRNA組呈濃度依賴性明顯減少,12.5 nmol/L轉(zhuǎn)染組分別為5.6±1.2和8.1±1.1。對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體組和12.5 nmol/L轉(zhuǎn)染組接種4周后裸鼠種植瘤體積分別為(2.228±0.026)cm3、(2.186±0.028)cm3和(0.728±0.023)cm3。對(duì)照組和脂質(zhì)體組種植瘤侵犯周圍肌層組織,轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞組未見侵犯。結(jié)論采用RNA干擾技術(shù)沉默PANC1細(xì)胞的TDGF-1基因表達(dá)可抑制癌細(xì)胞的侵襲力。
胰腺腫瘤; 畸胎瘤衍生生長因子-1; 腫瘤侵襲; 小分子干擾RNA
畸胎瘤衍生生長因子-1(teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor-1,TDGF-1)是一種自分泌型腫瘤生長因子,是表皮生長因子家族重要成員之一[1]。它定位在人類染色體3p21.3[1],編碼cripto蛋白。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TDGF-1基因在乳腺癌、結(jié)腸癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、陰莖癌、膀胱癌及前列腺癌等腫瘤中均過度表達(dá),并與腫瘤浸潤有關(guān),而在正常組織中不表達(dá)或低表達(dá)[2]。為此,本實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用RNA干擾技術(shù)沉默胰腺癌PANC1細(xì)胞TDGF-1 基因的表達(dá),觀察其對(duì)癌細(xì)胞侵襲力的影響。
一、細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及轉(zhuǎn)染
胰腺癌細(xì)胞株P(guān)ANC1(ATCC公司)常規(guī)培養(yǎng)傳代。轉(zhuǎn)染前1 d,將1×105對(duì)數(shù)期生長細(xì)胞接種于24孔培養(yǎng)板,每孔1 ml,次日應(yīng)用Oligofectamine進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染。細(xì)胞分對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體組、siRNA-C組和siRNA組。設(shè)計(jì)3個(gè)siRNA,S1:正義鏈5′-UUCGGCCUCGGUCUUCCCATT-3′,反義鏈5′-UGGGAAGACCGAGGCCGAATT-3′,靶點(diǎn)175~195;S2:正義鏈5′-GGCUGCUGCUACAAUGUCCTT-3′,反義鏈5′-GGACAUUGUAGCAGCAGCCTT-3′,靶點(diǎn)630~650;S3:正義鏈5′-GAAUGAAGCCUCCUUAGAATT-3′,反義鏈5′-UUCUAAGGAGGCUUCAUUCTT-3′,靶點(diǎn)1544~1564。陰性對(duì)照siRNA-C:正義鏈5′-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTDTD-3′,反義鏈5′-ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATDTDT-3′。所有siRNA均由美國Dharmacon公司合成。對(duì)照組未經(jīng)任何處理;脂質(zhì)體組用脂質(zhì)體處理;siRNA-C組轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA-C; siRNA組分別轉(zhuǎn)染3個(gè)siRNA。選其中干擾效果最佳的siRNA,再用不同濃度(3.125、6.25、12.5 nmol/L)轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞。每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。轉(zhuǎn)染后分別培養(yǎng)24、48、72 h,收集細(xì)胞。
二、細(xì)胞TDGF-1 mRNA檢測
采用熒光實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR檢測。TDGF-1上游引物5′-CAATTCGGCCTCGGTCTTC-3′,下游引物5′-TTCAGGCAGCAGGTTCTGTTT-3′;FAM探針:5′-CATGGGTGCCCCGACGTTGC-3′-TAMRA。以GAPDH為內(nèi)參。PCR反應(yīng)條件:95℃ 3 min,95℃ 30 s 、52℃ 45 s、72℃ 45 s,35 個(gè)循環(huán),72℃再延伸7 min。結(jié)果計(jì)算參照文獻(xiàn)[7], cDNATDGF-1=cDNAGAPDH×2△CT(△CT=CTGAPDH-CTTDGF-1)。
三、細(xì)胞TDGF-1蛋白檢測
采用Western blotting法。以目的條帶與β-actin灰度值的百分值表示蛋白表達(dá)量。
四、軟瓊脂集落形成試驗(yàn)
參照文獻(xiàn)[3]的方法計(jì)數(shù)集落形成數(shù)。
五、體外侵襲試驗(yàn)
參照文獻(xiàn)[4]方法,采用Boyden小室模型。400高倍鏡下計(jì)算5個(gè)視野內(nèi)穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù),取均值。
六、裸鼠體內(nèi)侵襲試驗(yàn)
Balb/c裸鼠,15只,雌性,4周齡,體重14~18 g,購自中國科學(xué)院上海生物化學(xué)研究所,SPF級(jí)。分為對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體組和siRNA組,各5只。對(duì)照組接種未轉(zhuǎn)染的胰腺癌細(xì)胞;脂質(zhì)體組接種脂質(zhì)體處理的癌細(xì)胞;siRNA組接種12.5 nmol/L siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后的癌細(xì)胞。裸鼠皮下接種細(xì)胞數(shù)為5×105個(gè)。4周后斷頸處死裸鼠,觀察腫瘤在體內(nèi)的浸潤和轉(zhuǎn)移,并常規(guī)行病理檢查。
七、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
一、靶向TDGF-1 siRNA的篩選
以對(duì)照組細(xì)胞TDGF-1 mRNA 表達(dá)量為1,S1、S2、S3 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞的TDGF-1 mRNA表達(dá)量分別為(9.2±0.3)%、(50.0±0.5)%和(11.5±0.8)%,S1的siRNA抑制效果最好,故以下實(shí)驗(yàn)均應(yīng)用S1的siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染的細(xì)胞。
二、轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞TDGF-1mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)的變化
與脂質(zhì)體組比較,siRNA組TDGF-1 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平均呈濃度和時(shí)間依賴性明顯下降(P值均<0.01,表1)。
三、細(xì)胞集落形成數(shù)的變化
對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體組、siRNA-C組及siRNA 3.125、6.25、12.5 nmol/L組PANC1細(xì)胞在軟瓊脂培養(yǎng)基上的集落形成數(shù)分別為19.8±2.2、19.6±2.2、19.5±1.9、12.5±1.9、9.9±1.8、5.6±1.2,siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染的細(xì)胞集落生長數(shù)呈濃度依賴性減少(P<0.05)。
表1 轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞TDGF-1 基因mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)的變化
注:與脂質(zhì)體組比較,aP<0.01
四、細(xì)胞侵襲力的變化
對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體組、siRNA-C組及siRNA 3.125、6.25、12.5 nmol/L組穿過濾膜的細(xì)胞數(shù)分別為49.8±2.6、49.6±2.5、49.5±1.8、31.8±1.9、16.9±2.1、8.1±1.1,siRNA組細(xì)胞的侵襲力呈濃度依賴性下降(P<0.05)。
五、裸鼠移植瘤
對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體組和siRNA(12.5 nmol/L)轉(zhuǎn)染組裸鼠均在接種后第4天左右開始形成腫瘤,接種后4周瘤體積分別為(2.228±0.026)cm3、(2.186±0.028)cm3和(0.728±0.023)cm3。3組裸鼠均未見轉(zhuǎn)移灶,但對(duì)照組和脂質(zhì)體組種植瘤細(xì)胞侵犯周圍肌層組織(圖1a)及血管(圖1b),而siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組未見侵犯。
圖1 癌細(xì)胞侵襲橫紋肌(a)及血管(b)(HE ×200)
RNA干擾(RNAi)能夠使基因的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄被相應(yīng)的雙鏈RNA分子敲除,關(guān)閉基因表達(dá)的效果遠(yuǎn)強(qiáng)于應(yīng)用正義和反義RNA[5]。siRNA是指RNAi干擾過程中細(xì)胞內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的長約21~25核苷酸的小雙鏈RNA,是產(chǎn)生RNAi的中間效應(yīng)分子。目前人工可合成siRNA,具有明顯的抑制相應(yīng)基因mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄的效果[6]。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用化學(xué)方法合成靶向TDGF-1基因的siRNA,轉(zhuǎn)染胰腺癌PANC1細(xì)胞后,細(xì)胞TDGF-1 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平呈濃度和時(shí)間依賴性明顯下降。說明該siRNA能有效沉默基因的表達(dá)。
腫瘤細(xì)胞在軟瓊脂上培養(yǎng)后形成集落的多少與細(xì)胞惡性程度呈正相關(guān)。癌細(xì)胞侵襲能力強(qiáng),則在軟瓊脂上形成的集落數(shù)目多。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞形成的集落數(shù)呈濃度依賴性減少,提示細(xì)胞的侵襲能力被明顯抑制。
Boyden小室模型也是廣泛應(yīng)用于檢測癌細(xì)胞侵襲試驗(yàn)的經(jīng)典模型。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)呈濃度依賴性明顯減少,且裸鼠種植瘤的癌細(xì)胞未侵犯種植瘤周圍組織,提示抑制TDGF-1基因表達(dá)可抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞的體外、體內(nèi)的侵襲能力。
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2009-05-04)
(本文編輯:屠振興)
Effectsofteratocarcinoma-derivedgrowthfactor-1oninvasionofhumanpancreaticcancercelllinePANC1
FANYu,WUYing,XUJun,ZHONGXi-ming.
CancerInstitute,AffiliatedPeople′sHospital,JiangsuUniversity,Zhenjiang212002,China
Correspondingauthor:FANYu,Email:yuf36@sina.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the silence of teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor-1(TDGF-1) gene on invasion of human pancreatic cancer cell.MethodsThree small interfering RNA (siRNA ) targeting for TDGF-1 genes (S1, S2, S3) were designed and established, then the gene with the best silencing effects was screened. Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 were transfected by siRNA with different concentrations (3.125, 6.25, 12.5 nmol/L), the cells without transfection, and simply treated with liposomes were controls.The expressions of mRNA and protein of TDGF-1 were determined by real time PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. The anchorage-independent growth was examined by clon formation in soft agar, and invasion ability was evaluated by boyden chamber model. PANC1 cells with transfection for 48h were injected into the nude mice to evaluate the invasion abilityinvivo.ResultsThe expressions of TDGF-1 mRNA and protein of cells transfected by siRNA were decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which were significantly lower than those in liposomes group. Number of colony formation and transmembrane cell were 19.8±2.2 and 49.8±2.6 in the control group, and 5.6±1.2 and 8.1±1.1 in the 12.5 nmol/L transfection group. The volumes of tumor 4 weeks after transplation in the control group, liposomes group and the 12.5 nmol/L transfection group were (2.228±0.016) cm3, (2.186±0.028) cm3and (0.728±0.023) cm3.ConclusionsTDGF-1 gene silence could inhibit invasion ability of human pancreatic cancer cell PANC1.
Pancreatic neoplasms; Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor-1; Neoplasm invasiveness; Small interfering RNA
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2010.03.017
中國博士后科學(xué)基金(2003033547)
212002 鎮(zhèn)江,江蘇大學(xué)附屬人民醫(yī)院腫瘤研究所
范鈺,Email:yuf36@sina.com