王培培 吳建勝 高道鍵 周蒙滔 方佩佩 賈國葆 孫學成 王旦
·論著·
急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺組織中Smac/DIABLO、XIAP mRNA的表達及其意義
王培培 吳建勝 高道鍵 周蒙滔 方佩佩 賈國葆 孫學成 王旦
目的檢測急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠胰腺組織中促凋亡基因Smac/DIABLO和凋亡抑制基因XIAP的mRNA表達,分析其與疾病嚴重程度的關系。方法54只SD大鼠按數(shù)字表法隨機分成假手術組、急性水腫性胰腺炎(AEP)組、急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)組。通過胰膽管逆行注射1%、3.5%脫氧膽酸鈉方法分別制備AEP、ANP模型。收集制模后3、6、12 h胰腺標本,常規(guī)病理檢查;TUNEL法檢測細胞凋亡;實時定量PCR法檢測Smac/DIABLO、XIAP mRNA的表達。結果胰腺病理改變表示模型制備成功。術后6 h假手術組、AEP組、ANP組胰腺腺泡細胞凋亡指數(shù)分別為0.67±0.82、6.62±0.78和4.70±0.82,各組間相差顯著(P<0.05)。AEP組Smac/DIABLO mRNA的表達隨時間延長而逐漸增加,ANP組則隨時間延長而逐漸下降,以假手術組為參考,6 h時AEP組和ANP組的表達量分別為2.41±0.92和1.47±0.53,相差顯著(P<0.05)。相反,AEP組XIAP mRNA的表達隨時間延長逐漸下降,而ANP組表達逐漸增加,6 h時表達量分別為5.51±1.07和6.99±1.00,相差顯著(P<0.05)。結論AP時胰腺組織Smac/DIABLO mRNA的表達與細胞凋亡指數(shù)一致,與病情嚴重程度相反,而XIAP mRNA的表達與病情嚴重程度一致。XIAP、Smac/DIABLO基因參與細胞凋亡的調節(jié)。
胰腺炎; 細胞凋亡; Smac/DIABLO; X-連鎖凋亡抑制蛋白
細胞凋亡在急性胰腺炎(AP)的發(fā)病機制中起著一定的作用,腺泡細胞的凋亡率與疾病的嚴重程度呈負相關[1]。X-連鎖凋亡抑制蛋白(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein,XIAP)通過抑制半胱氨酸天冬蛋白酶(caspase-3、-7、-9)而發(fā)揮抗凋亡作用。第二個線粒體源的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶激活物/直接與凋亡抑制蛋白結合的低等電點蛋白(second mitochondrial activator of caspase/direct IAP binding protein with low PI,Smac/DIABLO)通過與XIAP的結合,拮抗XIAP對caspase的抑制,從而發(fā)揮促凋亡作用。本實驗檢測AP大鼠Smac/DIABLO、XIAP mRNA的表達,分析其與疾病嚴重程度的關系。
一、動物分組
健康SD雄性大鼠54只,體重200~250 g,由溫州醫(yī)學院實驗動物中心提供。大鼠按數(shù)字表法隨機分成假手術組、急性水腫性胰腺炎(AEP)組、急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)組,每組18只。采用胰膽管逆行注射1%或3.5%脫氧膽酸鈉(Sigma公司)0.1 ml/100 g體重的方法分別制備AEP和ANP模型;假手術組僅翻動胰腺數(shù)次。術后第3、6、12 h分批經(jīng)下腔靜脈取血,離心取上清液, -20℃保存;迅速取出胰腺組織,一部分置-80℃保存,一部分經(jīng)4%多聚甲醛固定。
二、檢測項目和方法
1.血淀粉酶測定:采用全自動生化分析儀檢測。
2.胰腺組織病理形態(tài)學觀察:按常規(guī)操作。
3.胰腺組織細胞凋亡檢測:采用TUNEL法,根據(jù)TUNEL試劑盒(Roche公司)說明書操作。計算4個高倍視野凋亡細胞數(shù)占總細胞數(shù)的百分率,即為凋亡指數(shù)(apoptosis index,AI)。
4.胰腺組織Smac/DIABLO、XIAP mRNA檢測:應用Trizol抽提組織總RNA,采用RT-PCR試劑盒(MBI)檢測。Smae/DIABLO上游引物5′-GACACTGTGCGCCGTTCCTA-3′,下游引物5′-GAGGTGCTGTCCGTTACCAAAGA-3′;XIAP上游引物5′-TGAGGTTCTGATTGCAGATCTTGTG-3′,下游引物5′-CTTGTAGGCGCCTTAGCTGCTC-3′;內(nèi)參GAPDH上游引物5′-GGCACAGTCAAGGCTGAGAATG-3′,下游引物5′-ATGGTGGTGAAGACGCCAGTA-3′。引物由大連TaKaRa公司設計,上海生工生物工程公司合成。PCR反應:95℃ 10 min,95℃ 30 s、60℃ 30 s、72℃ 45 s,循環(huán)40次。反應完成后再于95℃ 15 s,60℃ 1 min,95℃ 15 s得融解曲線。根據(jù)Livak和Schmittgen[2]設計的閾值法測定mRNA表達量。目的基因表達量=2-△△Ct,△△Ct=實驗組(Ct目的基因-Ct管家基因)-對照組(Ct目的基因-Ct管家基因)。實驗重復3次,取其均數(shù)。
三、統(tǒng)計學方法
一、血清淀粉酶活性變化
AEP組和ANP組血清淀粉酶活性隨時間延長逐步升高;假手術組、AEP組和ANP組間相差顯著(表1)。
二、胰腺組織病理學改變
假手術組胰腺未見明顯異常;AEP組胰腺間質充血、水腫、炎性細胞浸潤,并隨時間延長而略加重;ANP組胰腺間質水腫,出血明顯,12 h時嚴重出血、壞死,大量炎細胞浸潤。
三、胰腺組織細胞凋亡的變化
假手術組偶見凋亡細胞;AEP組和ANP組AI隨時間延長而增高,均較假手術組顯著增加(P<0.05),且AEP組增加更顯著(P<0.01,表1,圖1)。
四、胰腺組織Smac/DIABLO、XIAP mRNA表達的變化
以假手術組為參照,AEP組Smac/DIABLO mRNA的表達隨時間延長而逐漸增加,ANP組則隨時間延長而逐漸下降(P<0.05,表2);相反,AEP組XIAP mRNA的表達隨時間延長逐漸下降,而ANP組表達逐漸增加(P<0.05,表2)。
表1 各組血淀粉酶活性及細胞凋亡指數(shù)變化
注:與假手術組比較,aP<0.05,bP<0.01;與AEP組比較,cP<0.05
圖1假手術組(a)、AEP組(b)、ANP組(c)胰腺組織細胞凋亡(TUNEL ×400)
表2 各組Smac/DIABLO、XIAP mRNA 的表達
注:與AEP組比較,aP<0.05
目前認為,AP的嚴重程度與腺泡細胞凋亡、壞死的嚴重程度及兩者的平衡程度密切相關。細胞凋
亡貫穿于疾病的整個過程[3],并與AP病情的嚴重程度呈負相關[1]。本實驗結果顯示,AEP組和ANP組胰腺組織損傷隨時間延長逐漸加重,但AEP組隨時間延長細胞凋亡數(shù)增多,ANP組隨著時間延長細胞凋亡數(shù)較AEP組相對減少,表明細胞凋亡可能是保護細胞免于壞死、減輕細胞壞死引起的炎癥反應,與Kaiser等[4]的報道一致。
Smac/DIABLO是目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的唯一直接抑制XIAP的負性調節(jié)因子。Smac/DIABLO具有雙重功效,它既能消除XIAP對caspase的抑制從而激活caspase酶原,又能增強成熟caspase的活性[5]。在細胞受到各種凋亡刺激時,Smac/DIABLO與細胞色素C共同釋放入細胞質,通過逆轉XIAP的作用實現(xiàn)其促凋亡作用,但不引起XIAP的快速降解[6]。
本實驗結果顯示,隨時間延長,AEP組胰腺Smac/DIABLO mRNA表達與細胞凋亡均逐漸增加,XIAP mRNA表達逐漸下降,而ANP組胰腺XIAP mRNA表達逐漸增加, Smac/DIABLO mRNA表達逐漸下降,凋亡細胞較AEP組減少。推測AEP大鼠可能通過高表達Smac/DIABLO抑制XIAP,從而促進細胞凋亡,而ANP大鼠可能通過高表達XIAP抑制caspase的激活,抑制細胞凋亡,促使腺泡細胞經(jīng)壞死方式死亡,從而加重AP的進展。
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2009-09-07)
(本文編輯:呂芳萍)
ExpressionandsignificanceofSmac/DIABLO,XIAPmRNAinratswithacutepancreatitis
WANGPei-pei,WUJian-sheng,GAODao-jian,ZHOUMeng-tao,FANGPei-pei,JIAGuo-bao,SUNXue-cheng,WANGDan.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,FirstAffiliatedHospital,WenzhouMedicalCollege,Wenzhou325000,China
Correspondingauther:WUJian-sheng,Email:wzwujd@163.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of Smac/DIABLO, XIAP mRNA in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the relationship with the severity in rats.MethodsFifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation (SO) group, acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) group and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) group. The models of AEP and ANP were induced by retrograde injection of 1% and 3.5% sodium deoxycholate into the pancreaticobiliary duct respectively. The specimens of pancreatic tissue at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h were collected, pathological changes of the pancreas were observed, apoptosis in pancreas were detected by TUNEL method and the expression of Smac/DIABLO, XIAP mRNA were analyzed by real-time PCR.ResultsPathological changes of the pancreas confirmed the establishment of AEP and ANP. Apoptosis indexes in SO group, AEP group and ANP group were 0.67±0.82, 6.62±0.78 and 4.70±0.82, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). The expression of Smac/DIABLO mRNA of AEP group increased with time, while the expression of ANP group decreased with time. Compared with SO group, Smac/DIABLO mRNA expressions at 6 h in AEP and ANP group were 2.41±0.92 and 1.47±0.53, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). By contrast, the expressions of XIAP mRNA in AEP group decreased with time,while the expressions in ANP group increased with time. The expressionsof XIAP mRNA at 6 h in AEP and ANP group were 5.51±1.07 and 6.99±1.00, and the differences were significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsIn acute pancreatitis, the expression of Smac/DIABLO mRNA was consistent with the apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cells, but not consistent with the severity of pancreatitis. The expression of XIAP mRNA was consistent with the severity of pancreatitis. Smac/DIABLO, XIAP mRNA is associated with regulation of apoptosis.
Pancreatitis; Apoptosis; Smac/DIABLO; XIAP
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2010.03.010
浙江省自然科學基金(Y2080387)
325000 溫州,溫州醫(yī)學院附屬第一醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科
吳建勝,Email:wzwujs@163.com