院士風(fēng)采

盧嘉錫

1915.10.26～2001.06.04

化學(xué)家。祖籍臺(tái)灣臺(tái)南。福建廈門人。1934年畢業(yè)于廈門大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1939年獲英國倫敦大學(xué)物理化學(xué)“哲學(xué)”博士學(xué)位。1985年被選為第三世界科學(xué)院院士；同年被選為比利時(shí)皇家科學(xué)院外籍院士。他早年設(shè)計(jì)的等傾斜魏森堡照相的Lp因子倒數(shù)圖，曾為國際X射線晶體學(xué)界普遍采用。創(chuàng)建中國科學(xué)院福建物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)研究所。1973年在國際上最早提出固氮酶活性中心網(wǎng)兜模型之一，之后又提出過渡金屬原子簇合物“自兜”合成中的“元件組裝”設(shè)想，還系統(tǒng)地組織提出一些[Mo3S4]4+簇合物的“類芳香性”本質(zhì)問題。因而使中國化學(xué)模擬生物固氮及有關(guān)原子簇合物的合成和結(jié)構(gòu)化學(xué)研究躋身世界前列。曾任中國科學(xué)院院長、第八屆全國人大副委員長、中國科學(xué)院特邀顧問等職。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Xiamen, Fujian Provence. Graduated from Xianmen University in 1934. Received Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the London University, UK in 1939. Elected academician of Third World Academy of Sciences and Belgian Royal Society of Sciences.

In his early years. Lu designed the reciprocal Lpfactor chart for equi-inclination Weissenberg photographs designed which was adopted by X-rays crystallograhpers all over the world before the advent of electronic computer era. He is the founder of the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter. He is one of the few to first propose the “string bag”cluster model for the active center of nitrogenase in biological nitrogen fixation in 1973 as well as the idea of “unit construction” approach in the rational synthesis of transition-metal clusters. He also otganized a systematic study of quasi-aromaticity in certain [Mo3S4]4+clusters and discovered that such a quasi-aromaticity is not at all limited to Mo-S clusters. All his work pushed China’s research on the chemical modeling of biological nitrogen fixation as well as rational syntheses and cooperative phenomena in transitionmetal clusters to the forefront of the worles. President and special advisor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president, Standing Committee of the 8th National People’s Congress.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

莊長恭

1894.12.25～1962.02.15

化學(xué)家。福建泉州人。1921年畢業(yè)uyu美國芝加哥大學(xué)，1924年獲博士學(xué)位。1948年后，任中國科學(xué)院有機(jī)化學(xué)研究所所長。他確證了麥角甾烷結(jié)構(gòu)，推測了麥角甾醇的結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)計(jì)了帶有角甲基雙環(huán)α—酮的合成方法；研究了甾族邊鏈的氧化斷裂，是當(dāng)時(shí)國際上少數(shù)從事甾體全合成研究的知名化學(xué)家之一，其工作曾被引入著名教科書。他還研究了防己諾林、去甲基防己堿等生物堿結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)有機(jī)合成特別是甾體化合物的合成與天然有機(jī)化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)研究作出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn)。他重視并擬定有機(jī)化學(xué)中中文命名，先用的吲哚、吡咯等雜環(huán)化合物名稱均為他所倡議的。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. Graduaed from the University of Chicago, USA in 1921 and received Ph.D.at the same school in 1924. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. After 1949, President, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhuang’s outstanding contribution is the synthesis of steroids and the structure determination fo natural products.He proved the structure of ergostane, deduced the structure of ergosterol, designed the method for the synthesis of bicycloketo with dimethyl at the corners, and studied the oxidation cleavage of the side chain fo seroids. He was one of the few world renowned chemists who worked on the synthesis of steroids at his time and his work had been collected into some well-known textbooks. He also studied fanchinoline, demethylated spermine and other alkaloids. He and his co-workers set up methods for microanalysis of organic compounds. His work promoted the development of China’s chemical research. He also paid great attention to the naming of organic compounds. The Chinese names for pyrrole, indole and some sther heterocyclic compounds were named under his advocation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

紀(jì)育灃

1899.12.22～1982.05.18

化學(xué)家。浙江鄞州人。1921年畢業(yè)于上海滬江大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1922年獲美國芝加哥大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，1928年獲耶魯大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。1951年～1958年人中央衛(wèi)生研究院藥物化學(xué)系研究員。1958年～1982年任北京化學(xué)制劑研究所研究員、副所長。畢生從事藥物化學(xué)及有機(jī)合成工作，包括嘧啶、噻唑、喹啉等雜環(huán)化合物和中草藥化學(xué)成分的研究，維生素B1全合成，抗瘧藥物、抗血吸蟲藥物和系列氨基酸化合物的合成，維生素C的測定方法及在動(dòng)植物產(chǎn)品中的分布等方面。對(duì)嘧啶的研究最為知名，例如硫氰基嘧啶類化合物重排為相應(yīng)的異硫氰嘧啶，過氧化氫與巰基嘧啶的反映以及胺和肼與2-甲巰基嘧啶的作用等研究。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Yinxian, Zhejing Province. Graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Hujiang University. Received M.Sc. from the University of Chicago in 1922 and Ph.D. from Yale University in 1928. Research professor and director, Beijing Institute of Chemical Reagents.

Ji had devoted his whole life to the synthesis of drugs and organic compounds, such as pyrimidine, thiazole,quinoline and other heterocyclic compounds. He also studied some natural products from Chinese herbs. He studied the synthesis of Vitamin B1, antimalaria drugs, schistosomekillers,aminoacids and so on. He developed methods to determinate Vitamin C and its distribution in plants and animals. His outstanding work was the reaction research of pyrimidine and its derivatives, for example, the rearrangement of thiocyanatopyrimidine to isothiocyanatopyrimidine, the reaction between mercaptopyrimidine and hydrogen peroxide, and the reation of amines and pydrazine with 2-methmercaptopyrimidine and so on.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

楊石先

1897.01.01～1985.02.19

化學(xué)家。蒙族。安徽懷寧人。1918年畢業(yè)于清華學(xué)堂。1922年獲美國康奈爾大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。1931年獲美國耶魯大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。1923年起任南開大學(xué)教授兼理學(xué)院院長、教務(wù)長兼代理校長，1957年任南開大學(xué)校長。主要研究農(nóng)藥和元素有機(jī)化學(xué)，并長期從事化學(xué)教育。創(chuàng)建了南開大學(xué)元素有機(jī)化學(xué)研究所。系統(tǒng)研究有機(jī)磷殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、除草劑及植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑等高校農(nóng)藥，1978年該研究所有10項(xiàng)成果獲全國科學(xué)大會(huì)獎(jiǎng)。系統(tǒng)地研究了磷有機(jī)化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)與生物活性的關(guān)系。80年代初在南開大學(xué)創(chuàng)建分子生物研究所，在化學(xué)與生物學(xué)的交叉點(diǎn)上開始新的探索。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Mongolian nationality. Born in Huaining, Anhui Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1918. Received M.Sc. from Cornell University in 1922 and Ph.D.from Yale University in 1931. Professor and dean, School of Natural Science, director, the Department of Education Affairs, and president, Nankai University.

Yang was engaged in the research on prsticide chemistry,elementary organic chemistry and chemical education. He was the founder of the Institute of Elementary Organic Chemistry of Nankai University. He did systematic research on organo-phosphorous insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and plant growth regulators.These research items won 10 prizes of the National Science Conference in 1978. in 1987, he was granted a second class prize of the National Natural Science Award. In the early 1980s, he set up the Institute of Molecular Biology in Nankai University and started his new research endeavor from the cross point of chemistry and biology.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.