院士風采

院士風采

吳學周

1902.09.20 ～1983.10.31

化學家。江西萍鄉(xiāng)人。1924年畢業(yè)于南京高等師范學校數理化部、同年冬畢業(yè)于東南大學化學系。1928年公費赴美留學，1931年獲美國加州理工學院博士學位。1932年為德國達姆斯塔特高等工業(yè)學校訪問學者。中國科學院長春應用化學研究所研究員、名譽院長。早年從事多原子分子的紫外、遠紅外光譜研究，發(fā)現了一些新的光譜帶系，闡明了若干典型的重要多原子分子的結構和化學反應機理。親自領導核燃料前、后處理中的化學問題的研究；開展超純分析和痕量分析，以及后來的環(huán)保分析；主持光譜、波譜、結構化學研究工作；晚年組建了激光化學研究室并應用光譜法研究生物活性物質的氧化機理。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province. Graduated from the Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of Nanjing Normal School and the Department of Chemistry of Southeastern University jin 1924. Went to the USA with financial support from the Chinese government to continue his education.Received Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in 1931.Visiting scholar at the Darmstadt Higher Institute of Technology,Germany in 1932.Research professor , director, and honorary director, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Wu was engaged in the research of ultraviolet and far-infrared spectra of polyatomic molecules and found some new band progressions to clarify the structure and reaction mechanism of many polyatomic molecules. He led and participated in the study of chemical problems in the preprocess of nuclear fuel. He developed ultrapure and trace analysis methlds and analytical methlds for environmental protection.He also led the reaearch on spectroscopy, spectral analysis and structural chemistry. In his late years, he founded the Laser Chemistry Laborotory and studied the oxidation mechanism of bioactive substance by spectroscopy.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

汪 猷

1910.06.07 ～1997.05.06

化學家。浙江杭州人。1931年畢業(yè)于金陵大學工業(yè)化學系。1937年獲德國慕尼黑大學博士學位。1984年當選為法國科學院外國院士。中國科學院上海有機化學研究所研究員、所長、名譽所長。早期從事十四乙酰藏紅素的全合成和性激素、抗生素和碳水化合物化學等研究。是中國抗生素研究的奠基人之一，系統(tǒng)研究了鏈霉素和金霉素的分離、提純以及結構和合成化學。參加領導并直接參加了人工合成胰島素的研究。在淀粉化學方面，創(chuàng)制了新型血漿代用品。所建立的石油發(fā)酵研究組，當時在國際上居于前列，做出多項成果。參加并參與領導酵母丙氨酸轉移核糖核酸全合成工作，還參加和領到了天花粉蛋白化學結構和應用研究、模擬酶的研究和青蒿素的生物合成化學研究。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from the Deparment of Industrial Chemistry, Nanjing Jinling University in 1931. Received Ph.D. from Munich University,Germany in 1937. Research professor, director and honorary director, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and foreign academician, France Academy of Sciences.

In his early stage, Wang was engaged in the study of total synthesis of tetradeca-acetylated zanghongsu, and in the study of sexual hormone, antibiotics and carbohydrate chemistry.He is one of the pioneers for the antibiotics research in China.He systematically investigated the separation, purification,structure, and synthesis of streptomycin and aureomycin. He co-supervised and took part in the research on the synthesis of insulin. In the area of starch chemistry, he developed new serum surrogate. His reaearch group of petrlleum oil fermentation has attained a lot of excellent results and is in the forefront in the world. He participated in and co-supervised the total synthesis of yeast alanine tRNA, the study on the structure and application of tricosanthin, the study on enzymimetics, and the study on biosynthesis of qinghaosu.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李方訓

1902012.25 ～1962.08.02

化學家。江蘇儀征人。1925年畢業(yè)于金陵大學化學系。1930年獲美國西北大學博士學位，1948年獲美國西北大學榮譽科學博士學位。南京大學教授、副校長。早期從事格利雅試劑在非水溶液中反應機理的研究、電解質溶液理論研究方面的工作，所提出的離子水化焓及水化絕對熵的理論、用于水溶液中離子物理化學性質的計算公式，至今仍為該領域的專著所引用。50年代后，著重于混合電解質的系統(tǒng)研究，并測定了格利雅試劑在非水溶液中組成的電池電動勢，證明了在非水溶液中格利雅試劑仍具有電解質的特性。驗證了哈奈德規(guī)則對混合電解質溶液中離子活度系數計算的適用性，并推導出一個優(yōu)于前人的計算公式，可應用于具有不同離子的混合電解質溶液。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province. Graduated form the Department of Chemistry, Jinling University 1925.Rececived Ph.D. from Northwestern University, USA in 1930, and honorary Ph. D. in 1948. Professror and vice president, Nanjing Uninersity.

Li studied the reaction mechanism of Grignard reagent in non-aqueous solution and theoretical work of electrolyte solution in his early years. He developed the theory of hydration enthalpy and the absolute hydration entropy of ions and deduced a formula used for the calculation of the physicochemical properties of ions in aqueous solution.His results are still cited by chemists working in this field.From the 1950s, he was engaged in the systematic research of mixed electrolytes. He determined the cell electromotive forces of Griganrd tragents in non-aqueous solution and proved the electrolytic properties of Grignard reagents in non-aqueous solution. He also proved that Harned rule could be used for the calculation of ion activity co-efficient of mixed electrolyte in solution and deduced an improved formula which can be used for the calculation of mixed electrolytes with defferent ions.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955

張大煜

1906.01.15 ～1989.02.20

化學家。江蘇江陰人。1929年清華大學化學系畢業(yè)，公費留德。1933年獲德國德累斯頓大學博士學位。中國科學院大連化學物理研究所研究員、顧問，感光化學研究所顧問。早年從事膠體化學和表面化學的研究?？箲?zhàn)時期曾在云南宜良創(chuàng)辦利滇化工廠，從事褐煤低溫干餾。50年代初，組建起第一個石油研究所，開展對石油、頁巖油和煤的加工工藝和化學基礎研究。60年代組建了中國科學院蘭州石油研究所和山西煤炭化學研究所，促進了內地科學事業(yè)發(fā)展。領導了催化、色譜、化學激光和化學工程等領域的科學研究，促進了中國石油煉制、石油化工、化肥工業(yè)、高能燃料方面的進步；組織領導了合成氨原料氣凈化新流程的研究開發(fā)，達到了當時國際先進水平，提供了科研與生產部門合作公關的重要經驗。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University in 1929 and continued his education by government support in Germany. Received Ph.D.from the University of Dresden in 1933. Research professor, director and advisor, Dalian Insititute of Physical Chemsitry, and advisor,Institute of Photographic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Zhang was engaged in the research on colloid and surface chemistry. During the Anti-Japanese War, he set up the Lidian Chemical Plant in Yiliang, Yunnan Province to run dry distillation of lignitic coal under low temperature. He set up China’s first petroleum institute in the early 1950s to conduct research mainly on the processing technology and chemistry of crude oil, shale oil and coal. He also set up Lanzhou Institute of Petrloleum and Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the 1960s and promoted the development of scientific reaearch in the inland. He organized and led the reaearch on catalysis,chromatography, chemical laser, chemical engineering and so on.All these have promoted the development of China’s oil refining,petrochemical engineering, chemical fertilizer and high energy fuel industries. He improved the flow process for the purification of gases used for ammonia synthesis. His work reached the then world advanced level and also set a good example for the research institutes and factories to work jointly to solve key problems in practical production.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.