[摘要]目的:比較Quick自鎖矯治器與傳統(tǒng)結(jié)扎式矯治器在初期牙列排齊整平階段的治療時(shí)間、復(fù)診次數(shù)和椅旁弓絲結(jié)扎與去結(jié)扎時(shí)間。方法:選取采用Quick自鎖托槽矯治器(S組)和傳統(tǒng)MBT金屬托槽矯治器(C組)治療的患者各40例,分別紀(jì)錄自戴入矯治器至上下牙列完全排齊整平、0.019\"×0.025\"的不銹鋼絲能夠順利入槽所經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間和復(fù)診次數(shù),分別測(cè)量每位患者全口弓絲結(jié)扎及去結(jié)扎的時(shí)間,并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果:排齊整平時(shí)間,S組為(4.8±1.7)月,C組為(7.7±2.1)月;復(fù)診次數(shù),S組為(4.2±1.5)次,C組為(7.2±1.1)次;全口弓絲結(jié)扎時(shí)間,S組為(25.1±3.7)s,C組為(679.6±35.3)s;全口去結(jié)扎時(shí)間,S組為(31.4±2.4)s,C組為(256.5±13.6)s。S組的排齊整平時(shí)間、全口結(jié)扎去結(jié)扎時(shí)間明顯短于C組,排齊整平所需的復(fù)診次數(shù)也明顯少于C組,經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析其差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:使用自鎖托槽能更快地排齊整平牙列,同時(shí)減少了患者的復(fù)診次數(shù)和椅旁操作時(shí)間,提高了臨床醫(yī)師的工作效率。
[關(guān)鍵詞]自鎖托槽;排齊整平;治療時(shí)間;復(fù)診次數(shù);弓絲結(jié)扎;椅旁時(shí)間
[中圖分類號(hào)]R783.5 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2010)06-0901-03
Comparative study on the treatment efficiency between self-ligating brackets and conventional pre-adjusted brackets during the initial alignment and leveling stage
YUAN Dong-hui,LIU Yuan-hang,CHEN Ping,LI Li-guo,XUE Yi
(Department of Stomatology,Bethune International Peace Hospital,Shijiazhuang 050082)
Abstract:ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the duration of alignment and leveling in months, number of visits and the chairside time of ligation during the initial alignment and leveling stage using self-ligating brackets and conventional MBT brackets. Methods80 patients in early permenent dentition were enrolled in this study. All of these patients were devided into two groups at random (each group consists of 40 samples) and were treated using self-ligating brackets (Group S) and conventional MBT brackets (Group C) respectively. The duration of alignment and leveling in months, number of visits and the time of ligation and deligation were recorded. ResultsThe results showed that the duration of alignment and leveling was Group S(4.8±1.7 )months, Group C(7.7±2.1)months. The number of visits was Group S, 4.2±1.5; Group C 7.2±1.1. The time of archwire ligation was Group S 25.1±3.7s, Group C(679.6±35.3)s. The time of archwire deligation was Group S(31.4±2.4)s; Group C(256.5±13.6)s. The self-ligating bracket system displayed dramatically shorter duration of alignment and leveling, less visit number and chairtime for archwire ligation and deligation,when compared with conventional MBT brackets(P<0.05). Conclusion The self-ligating bracket systemdisplayed higher efficiency than conventional MBT brackets during the initial alignment and leveling stage.
Key words:self-ligating bracket; alignment and leveling;duration of treatment;number of visits;archwire ligation;chairside time
自Jacob Stolzenberg 將Russell和自鎖矯治的理念引入正畸學(xué)領(lǐng)域以來,經(jīng)過不斷的完善和發(fā)展,自鎖托槽已在正畸臨床中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。與傳統(tǒng)結(jié)扎式托槽相比,自鎖托槽具有弓絲去除及結(jié)扎快捷、系統(tǒng)摩擦力小、矯治力輕柔、椅旁操作時(shí)間和矯治療程縮短、患者感覺舒適同時(shí)復(fù)診次數(shù)減少等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[1-3]。本文應(yīng)用Quick自鎖托槽矯治器,定量研究在初期牙列排齊整平階段的臨床治療時(shí)間、復(fù)診次數(shù)、弓絲結(jié)扎去結(jié)扎時(shí)間,并與傳統(tǒng)結(jié)扎托槽進(jìn)行比較。
1材料和方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象:選取白求恩國際和平醫(yī)院口腔中心正畸科門診采用Quick自鎖托槽矯治器(Forestadent公司)治療的患者40例(S組);另采用MBT金屬托槽矯治器(長(zhǎng)沙天天)治療的患者40例做為對(duì)照組(C組)。所有入選病例均為恒牙初期青少年兒童患者,其中男性32例,女性48例。其中S組平均年齡13.12歲;安氏Ⅰ類患者15例,安氏II類患者19例,安氏III類患者6例;Ⅰ°牙列擁擠10例,II°牙列擁擠16例,III°牙列擁擠14例;拔牙病例23例,非拔牙病例17例。C組平均年齡12.87歲;安氏Ⅰ類患者13例,安氏II類患者20例,安氏III類患者7例;Ⅰ°牙列擁擠11例,II°牙列擁擠17例,III°牙列擁擠12例;拔牙病例21例,非拔牙病例19例。兩組研究對(duì)象的年齡、性別、錯(cuò)牙合畸形分類、牙列擁擠程度及拔牙比率經(jīng)均衡性檢驗(yàn),其差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
1.2 研究方法:所有患者的臨床正畸治療均由一位熟練掌握MBT直絲弓矯治技術(shù)及Quick矯治器應(yīng)用的醫(yī)師和一名助手共同完成。各個(gè)測(cè)量指標(biāo)定義如下:①排齊整平時(shí)間:自托槽、帶環(huán)等矯治器安放完畢置入第一根初始弓絲至上下牙列完全排齊整平、0.019\"×0.025\"的不銹鋼絲能夠順利入槽所經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間;②復(fù)診次數(shù):在上述治療時(shí)間內(nèi)患者的有效復(fù)診次數(shù),除外矯治器意外脫落、矯治器戴用后不適、弓絲末端處理不當(dāng)或其他原因造成的臨時(shí)復(fù)診;③結(jié)扎、去結(jié)扎時(shí)間:以秒表測(cè)量每位患者全口結(jié)扎及去結(jié)扎的時(shí)間,精確至0.1s。全部弓絲的結(jié)扎由第一作者與口腔衛(wèi)生士配合共同完成,時(shí)間測(cè)量由另一名操作者完成。兩組結(jié)扎方式具體操作如下:①S組:弓絲結(jié)扎采用食指推壓托槽彈簧夾的方法完成,對(duì)于嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)位的牙齒需借助弓絲就位器進(jìn)行結(jié)扎;去結(jié)扎則采用Forestadent公司配備的專用器械按其指導(dǎo)說明進(jìn)行。②C組:均采用不銹鋼絲結(jié)扎:選用0.25mm直徑的經(jīng)結(jié)扎絲成型器預(yù)先成型的短結(jié)扎絲,用持針器結(jié)扎,用結(jié)扎絲切斷鉗剪斷多余的結(jié)扎絲,銀汞充填器將斷段壓入弓絲的下方。結(jié)扎絲去除則采用結(jié)扎絲切斷鉗將其剪斷,然后用持針器將其取出。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理:運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS13.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理,計(jì)算每組患者的排齊整平時(shí)間、復(fù)診次數(shù)、弓絲結(jié)扎去結(jié)扎時(shí)間,并對(duì)組間差異性進(jìn)行分析。
2結(jié)果
兩組牙列排齊整平時(shí)間、復(fù)診次數(shù)、弓絲結(jié)扎去結(jié)扎時(shí)間見表1。統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:S組的排齊整平時(shí)間、全口弓絲結(jié)扎去結(jié)扎時(shí)間明顯短于C組,排齊整平所需的復(fù)診次數(shù)也明顯少于C組,經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析其差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
3討論
3.1兩組治療時(shí)間和復(fù)診次數(shù)的比較:在牙列排齊整平階段,牙齒與弓絲的移動(dòng)類型為牙齒與弓絲的相互運(yùn)動(dòng)。此時(shí)多顆牙齒在牙弓中調(diào)整位置,既有牙齒位置的改變,也有弓絲形態(tài)的不斷變化,牙齒與弓絲發(fā)生相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng),產(chǎn)生一定的摩擦力[4]。相比滑動(dòng)關(guān)閉間隙階段,牙列排齊整平階段的滑動(dòng)阻力情況要復(fù)雜得多。不僅包括弓絲與托槽之間的滑動(dòng)摩擦力,還包括弓絲與槽溝形成的角度大于臨界角時(shí)產(chǎn)生的弓絲的彈性約束力和刻痕阻力[5-6]。Kim[7]等研究結(jié)果表明,在牙列排齊整平階段,無論是滑動(dòng)還是靜止摩擦力水平,自鎖托槽較傳統(tǒng)托槽明顯降低。較低的系統(tǒng)摩擦力水平使得正畸醫(yī)師可以使用持續(xù)輕柔的矯治力,因而牙齒的移動(dòng)更加迅捷,復(fù)診次數(shù)也相應(yīng)減少。本研究結(jié)果表明,使用自鎖矯治器平均排齊整平的時(shí)間為4.8月,較傳統(tǒng)托槽減少2.9個(gè)月,復(fù)診次數(shù)減少3次。此結(jié)果與Tagawa[8]等減少2.8月的結(jié)果相近。Harradine[1] 和Garino[9]等也認(rèn)為,使用自鎖托槽可以快速排齊整平不規(guī)則的牙列。因此在矯治初期,使用自鎖矯治器配合輕力矯治能顯著減少牙齒排齊整平的時(shí)間,減少患者就診次數(shù),從而提高正畸醫(yī)師的矯治效率。
3.2 減少椅旁時(shí)間:椅旁操作時(shí)間包括檢查、弓絲去結(jié)扎與拆除、弓絲彎制、放置及結(jié)扎等。由于在牙列排齊階段多使用高彈性預(yù)成鎳鈦絲,無需弓絲的彎制與調(diào)整,因此減少弓絲結(jié)扎與去結(jié)扎的操作時(shí)間對(duì)于減少整個(gè)椅旁操作時(shí)間有特別重要的意義。自鎖托槽由于自身的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn),其打開和關(guān)閉的操作動(dòng)作簡(jiǎn)單便捷,非常容易掌握,因此弓絲的拆除、結(jié)扎時(shí)間明顯短于傳統(tǒng)結(jié)扎式托槽[10-11]。因此大大縮短了正畸醫(yī)師椅旁操作時(shí)間,提高了矯治效率。應(yīng)當(dāng)指出的是,本研究的自鎖托槽和傳統(tǒng)托槽弓絲的結(jié)扎與去結(jié)扎時(shí)間較Harradine[10]、Shivapuja[12]和譚忠榮[13]的結(jié)果長(zhǎng),其原因在于文獻(xiàn)中結(jié)扎與去結(jié)扎時(shí)間的測(cè)量都是在完全排齊整平的牙列上進(jìn)行的,而本研究對(duì)象是牙列不齊的患者,由于牙齒錯(cuò)位明顯,弓絲的就位結(jié)扎與去除的時(shí)間也相應(yīng)的延長(zhǎng)。但無論是矯治的任何時(shí)期,在結(jié)扎與去結(jié)扎的操作時(shí)間上,自鎖托槽相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)托槽都有無法比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
3.3自鎖托槽在牙列排齊整平階段的臨床應(yīng)用體會(huì)自鎖托槽是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)直絲弓矯治器在結(jié)扎方式上的一種改良,但仍屬于直絲弓矯治器系統(tǒng),其治療步驟、程序和原則都與一般直絲弓矯治技術(shù)大體相似。但由于自鎖系統(tǒng)的摩擦力水平大大降低,因而在牙列排齊整平階段臨床應(yīng)用上有其特殊的考慮:①使用持續(xù)的輕力;②使用0.012\"的高彈性鎳鈦弓絲作為起始弓絲。本研究中大部分自鎖病例均使用0.012\"Biostarter熱激活鎳鈦絲(Forestadent公司)作為起始弓絲;③拔牙病例中,不推薦使用經(jīng)典MBT技術(shù)中尖牙向后結(jié)扎(Laceback)來遠(yuǎn)中移動(dòng)尖牙排齊牙列;④除極特殊情況外,盡量使初始弓絲結(jié)扎入每一個(gè)托槽,最大限度的利用前牙交互支抗來遠(yuǎn)移尖牙,排齊牙列;⑤配合唇肌功能訓(xùn)練;⑥適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)復(fù)診間隔時(shí)間。
4結(jié)論
使用自鎖托槽能更快地排齊整平牙列,同時(shí)減少了患者的復(fù)診次數(shù)和椅旁操作時(shí)間,提高了臨床醫(yī)師的工作效率。
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[收稿日期]2010-03-17[修回日期]2010-05-13
編輯/何志斌