ｈｏｗ的用法講析與中考鏈接

how的用法靈活多變，它是英語中考試題的考點。下面筆者將把它的用法做一些簡單歸納和講解，并將近年一些有關(guān)how的中考試題一并呈現(xiàn)給大家，相信會對同學(xué)們的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所裨益。

一、作疑問副詞

1. 引導(dǎo)問句表示“問候”或詢問“狀況”

以how引導(dǎo)問句向他人表示問候或詢問某事或某人的進(jìn)展或狀況。例如:

How are things with you? 你情況怎么樣?

How are you doing? 你好嗎?

How is your family? 你的家人好嗎?

How is it going? 一切順利嗎?

How have you been recently? 近來可好?

How is everything? 一切都好嗎?

How are you getting on? 你進(jìn)展順利嗎?

How do you get on with your classmates?

你與同學(xué)相處得怎樣?

How is the weather today? 今天天氣怎樣?(相當(dāng)于:What’s the weather like today?)

注意:

(1)禮貌用語“How do you do?”(你好!)不是向人提問，而是打招呼，它的答語仍是:“How do you do?”

(2)“How are you?”(你好嗎?)的答語為“Fine， thank you.”“I’m well/OK/all right.”等。

[鏈接中考]

①——Nice to meet you， Mike. ____?

——Everything is OK. Thanks.

(2006濰坊)

A. What are you doing

B. What is it doing

C. How are you going

D. How is it going

②——By the way， ____ is your father?

——He’s quite well. Thank you.

(2008廣州)

A. whoB. what

C. how oldD. how

③——How was your day off， Gloria?

——It was ____， I had a fantastic time. (2006昆明課改區(qū))

A. terribleB. so-so

C. awfulD. great

(key: ①D②D③D)

2. 引導(dǎo)問句，表示“征詢”

以how引導(dǎo)的表示“征詢”某人的看法或態(tài)度時，常用到兩個句型:

(1)How do you like…? 例如:

How do you like the film? 你覺得這部電影怎么樣?(相當(dāng)于:What do you think of the film?)

(2)How about+n./v-ing? 例如:

How about this coat? 這件外套如何?(相當(dāng)于:What about this coat?)

How about playing basketball? 去打籃球如何?(相當(dāng)于:What about playing basketball?)

此時，答語可以為“Good idea.”“That’s great.”“I’d love/like to.”等。

[鏈接中考]

①——How about going for a walk outside?

——____. (2006武漢)

A. I would beB. I likeC. I doD. I’d like to

②——Tomorrow is Mother’s Day. What shall I give to Mother as a present?

——____ some flowers?

A. Have you boughtB. Did you buyC. Will you buyD. How about

(Key: ①D ②D)

3. 引導(dǎo)問句詢問“方式”

問做某事的方式、方法、手段等。例如:

How do you spell the word?

你如何拼寫這單詞?

How do you know about it?

你是怎樣知道這件事的?

[鏈接中考]

①——____ does Mrs. Jackson learn Chinese?

(2008廣西梧州)

——She learns it by herself.

A. HowB. Why

C. WhereD. Who

②——Do you know ____?(2004 河南)

——Yes， I do. She came here on foot.

A. where Kate came fromB. how Kate came here

C. when Kate comes hereD. why Kate didn’t come here

(Key: ①A ②B)

二、作連接副詞

1. 作連接副詞，引導(dǎo)從句。例如:

I know how he did it.

我知道他是怎么做到的。

How it was done was a mystery.

那件事是如何做的是一個謎。

I know how it would be from the first.

我從一開始就知道事情會怎樣。

2. 作連接副詞，和不定式連用。例如:

I don’t know how to do it.

我不知道如何做。

I told her how to find me.

我告訴她如何找到我。

注意:

(1)連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句語序。例如:

我想知道你多大年齡。

[正]I want to know how old you are.

[誤]I want to know how old are you.

(2)what和how引導(dǎo)動詞不定式時的區(qū)別。

what作動詞不定式的賓語。

how是副詞，作不定式動詞的狀語，若不定式動詞是及物動詞時，應(yīng)有其自身的賓語。例如:

I don’t know how to do it.

不能說:I don’t know how to do.或I don’t know what to do it.

[鏈接中考]

①Alice didn’t know how she could draw horses well. (改為同義句) (2006重慶課改區(qū))

Alice didn’t know how ____ horses well.

②——Will you please give some advice on ____ English at home?

——Well， do a lot of reading and listen to English programs. (2006遼寧課改區(qū))

A. how to readB. how to learn

C. when to useD. where to use

③改錯:

We don’t know what to solve these problems. ABC

D (2006南京)④No matter ____ busy he is， he won’t give up his hobby. (2008北京宣武區(qū))

A. whatB. howC. whereD. who

(Key: ①to draw②B③B what→how④B)

三、引起感嘆句

引起感嘆句，意為“多么”。常用句型為:

1. How+adj.+主語+be或系動詞!例如:

How beautiful her voice is!

她的聲音真美!

How nice the dish tastes!這道菜好香啊!

2. How+adv.+主語+行為動詞!例如:

How hard they are working!

他們工作得好賣力啊!

3. How adj./adv.!(感嘆句的省略式)例如:

How clean!真干凈!

How well!太棒了!

4. How+主語+行為動詞!例如:

How she sings!她唱得多好啊!

注意:

(1)how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可與what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:

How beautiful the girl is!→What a beautiful girl she is!

(2)一般來說，由how或what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句沒有否定形式，因此不能說:How hard he didn’t work!

(3)被how強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞或副詞要放在how的后面。例如:

她多漂亮啊!

[正]How beautiful she is!

[誤]How she beautiful is!

他跑得多快啊!

[正]How fast he is running!

[誤]How he is running fast!

[鏈接中考]

①____ beautiful our school is!

(2008貴陽)

A. HowB. What a

C. WhatD. How a

②The news sounds exciting. (改為感嘆句) (2006煙臺)

____ ____the news sounds!

③____ hot the weather is today!

(2008北京海淀區(qū))

A. What aB. What

C. How aD. How

(Key: ①A ②How exciting ③D)

四、 和many，much，long等詞連用

和old，many，much，long，soon，often等詞連用，詢問年齡、數(shù)量、價格、長度、頻率、距離、高度、重量等。例如:

How old are you? 你多大了?(相當(dāng)于:What is your age?)

How many students does your school have?

你校有多少學(xué)生?

How much milk is there in the bottle?

瓶子里有多少牛奶?

How much is the book? 這本書多少錢?(相當(dāng)于:How much does the book cost?或How much shall/should I pay for the book? 或What is the price of the book?)

How long can I keep your book?

你的書我可以借多久?

How long is the river? 這條河有多長?(相當(dāng)于:What is the length of the river?)

How far (away) is it from your home to the school? 你們家離學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?

How often does Lucy go back? 露茜多久回來一次?(回答時可用頻度副詞:never，seldom，sometimes，often，always，usually等或短語every day，three times a month等。)

回答時間長度時常根據(jù)實際情況選用:“about+時間段”、“for +時間段”或“since+時間點”。例如:

——How long will it take to do the work?

做這項工作需要多長時間?

——About a month. 大概一個月。

——How long have you been an editor?

你當(dāng)編輯多久了?

——For six years./Since 2004.

六年了。/從2004年開始。

how soon問“從現(xiàn)在起以后多久時間”，回答時常用“in+時間段”。且句子常用一般將來時態(tài)。例如:

——How soon will you come back?

你多長時間能回來?

——In two hours. 兩個小時后。

[鏈接中考]

①——How long has Eliza been a nurse?

——____. (2006長沙)

A. Since 2002B. Four years ago C. In 2002

②你每天花多長時間做家庭作業(yè)?

How ____ does it ____ you to do your homework every day? (2006長沙)

③——____ is it from your home to the school?

——It’s five miles. (2008廣州)

A. How farB. How oftenC. How longD. How many

④——____ does your school have a sports meeting?

——Once a year. (2006山西)

A. How longB. How oftenC. How soon

⑤They will complete the building in two months. (就劃線部分提問) (2006煙臺)

____ ____ will they complete the building?

⑥你去商店買一把吉他，想詢問售貨員它的價格，你應(yīng)該說:“Excuse me， ____?”(2008廈門)

⑦——____ will Tree Planting Day be?

——In a week. (2004無錫)

A. How soonB. How farC. How longD. How often

⑧I spent forty yuan on this Chinese-English dictionary. (就劃線部分提問)

(2008福州)

____ ____ did you spend on this Chinese-English dictionary?

⑨At the age of three， David weighed 20 kilos. (就劃線部分提問) (2008天津)

____ ____ did David weigh at the age of three?

⑩I’d like to go to the island. Do you know ____ take me to get there by train? (2008上海)

A. how often it willB. how soon it will

C. how long will itD. how long it will

Key: ①A ②long; take ③A ④B ⑤How soon ⑥how much is the guitar/how much does the guitar cost/…⑦A ⑧How much ⑨How heavy ⑩D