倒裝句考點(diǎn)透析

英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。如果將謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在主語(yǔ)之前，這種語(yǔ)序叫做倒裝語(yǔ)序。倒裝一般可分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝。部分倒裝是把句中謂語(yǔ)的一部分，如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞等，放到主語(yǔ)前面。全部倒裝就是把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)都放在主語(yǔ)的前面。本文擬結(jié)合高考試題全方位透析倒裝句，以幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)備考。

一、倒裝的幾大條件

1. 以no，not，never，seldom，hardly，little等否定詞開(kāi)頭的句子或以by no means，not until，not a word，not a single等含有否定詞詞組開(kāi)頭的句子，一般用部分倒裝。如:

1)Never shall I forget it.

2)Hardly could we understand him because he spoke too fast.

【考例】(07安徽卷)Little_________that we were watching his every move， so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.

A.he realized B. he didn’t realize

C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize

[解析]否定詞(如not，no，seldom，hardly，little等)位于居首時(shí)，主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)須部分倒裝，同時(shí)上下文時(shí)態(tài)要一致，所以選D。

2.當(dāng)句子以so，neither，nor開(kāi)頭，表示前面肯定或否定的內(nèi)容也適合于后面的人或物，要用部分倒裝。如:

1)You must start for the park. So must I.

2)I have never been abroad.Neither has he.

【考例】(03北京卷)After that we never saw her again，nor_____from her.

A.did we hearB. we heard

C. had we heardD. we have heard

[解析]neither，nor，so放句首，表示前面所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物，此時(shí)用部分倒裝，又根據(jù)上下文，判斷出要用過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選A。

注意如果so引導(dǎo)的句子只是對(duì)前一句內(nèi)容的重復(fù)，而不是表示其內(nèi)容也適合于另外一人或物，則不用倒裝，so此時(shí)是表示“的確如此”。如:

——She studies very hard. 她學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭唷?/p>

——So she does. 她學(xué)習(xí)的確很刻苦。

3. 以only+狀語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝(注意如果only修飾主語(yǔ)，雖放句首，不用倒裝。如:Only he passed the examination.如:

1)Only in this way can we succeed.

2)Only when I have seen it with my own eyes will I believe it.

【考例】(04重慶卷) Only after I read the text over again_____ its main idea.

A. I could understandB. I can catch

C. did I know D. I followed

[解析]only+狀語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝，所以選C。

4.在“so+adj./adv...that分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如將“so+adj./adv”置于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，主句須用倒裝。

【考例】(07上海卷)——Did you see who the driver was?

——No，so quickly_____that I couldn’t get a good look at his face.

A.did the car speed byB. the car sped by

C.does the car speed byD. the car speeds by

[解析]當(dāng)so+adj./adv...+that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，若so+adj./adv置于句首時(shí)，主句須用倒裝。聯(lián)系上下文，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選A。

5.以hardly...when，no sooner...than，not only...but also引導(dǎo)連個(gè)分句時(shí)，將前一個(gè)分句中的主謂作部分倒裝，后一個(gè)分句中的主謂語(yǔ)序不變。(注意hardly...when及no sooner...than中，主句往往用過(guò)去完成時(shí))。如:

1)Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.

2)Not only was everything he had taken away from him，but also his German citizenship.

【考例】(06天津卷)——Did Linda see the traffic accident?

——No， no sooner _____than it happened.

A. had she goneB. she had gone

C. has she goneD. she has gone

[解析]在hardly...when，no sooner...than結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，又因no sooner置于句首，須用部分倒裝。所以選A.

6. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子要用倒裝，即將從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)提到as的前面，其它語(yǔ)序不變。(注意although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不用倒裝)如:

1)Old as he is， he works hard. =Although he is old，he works hard.

2)Strange as it may seem，it is true.=Although it may seem strange，it is true.

【考例】(07重慶卷)_____his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

A.Strange as might it sound B.As it might sound strange

C.As strange it might sound D.Strange as it might sound

[解析]本題考查as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，須用倒裝。即表語(yǔ)strange放于as前，其它主謂語(yǔ)序不變，所以選D。

[提示]在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名次前不用任何冠詞。如:

Child as he is，he knows a lot of English.他雖然是個(gè)孩子，卻懂得很多英語(yǔ)。

7.當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had，were或should等詞時(shí)，如將if省略，則要將had，were或should等移到主語(yǔ)前，作部分或完全倒裝。如:

1)Should it rain，the crops would be saved.=If it should rain，the crops would be saved.

【考例】(02上海卷)_____for the free ticket，I would not have gone to see the film so often.

A.If it is notB. were it not

C. had it not been D. If they were not

[解析]在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句中用“would/should/night/could+have+過(guò)去分詞”，條件從句中用“had+過(guò)去分詞”，省略if后將助動(dòng)詞had提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。所以選C。

8.以表示方位的副詞(如here，there，up，down，out，in，away，now，then，等)開(kāi)頭的句子，要完全倒裝。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往是be，go，come，seem，follow等。若主語(yǔ)是代詞，則主謂順序不倒裝。如:

1)There goes the bell.鈴響了。

2)Here you are. 給你。

【考例】(01全國(guó)卷)We waited and waited，_____we had been looking forward to.

A.Then came the hourB.Then did the hour come

C.The hour cameD.The hour then came

[解析]以here，there，up，down，now，then等開(kāi)頭的句子要完全倒裝。所以選A。