介紹兩種名詞性從句

李志華

主語從句(Subject Clause)

主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有連詞that，whether；連接代詞who，what，which；連接副詞when，where，how，why等，如：

①That the old(ancient)buildings Were resciled was right．

=It was right that the old(ancient)buildings were lreScued．搶救古建筑物是正確的。

②That he was ehosen as our class leader(monitor) made us very happy．他被選為我們的班長我們非常高興。(此句不宜轉(zhuǎn)化為用it作形式主語)

③WhetIler she will come to the party or not is still a question．

=Its still a question whether she will come to the party or not．她是否來參加這個(gè)舞會還是個(gè)問題。

④who will go is not important．

=Its not important who will go．

誰去并不重要。

⑤ Which team will win the match is still unknown．

=Its still unknown which team will win the match．還不知道哪個(gè)隊(duì)將獲得這場比賽的勝利。

⑥When they will start has not been decided yet．

=It has not been decided yet when they will start.他們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身還沒有決定。

⑦Where she has gone is not known yet．

=Its not known yet where she has gone．

還不知道她去了哪兒。

⑧How he became a great scientist is known to a11．

=Its known to all how he became a great scientist．大家都知道他是如何成為一位偉大的科學(xué)家的。

⑨What We need is more time．

我們所需要的是更多的時(shí)間。

⑩Is what you told me really true?

你告訴我的確實(shí)是真的嗎?

注意：1．主語從句放在句首時(shí)，特別是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首時(shí)，整個(gè)句子就顯得很笨重，如果主句的謂語部分含有連系動(dòng)詞be，一般習(xí)慣于把主語從句移到句子后面，前面用it作形式主語，但如果主句的謂語部分不含有連系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞b的則-般不能改寫，如例句②。

2．引導(dǎo)主語從句的that不能省略。

3．引導(dǎo)主語從句的whether(表示“是否”時(shí))一般不用if替換，但在引導(dǎo)賓語從句(Subject Clause)時(shí)whether和if可互換。

4．以what引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不可以用形式主語it來改寫。

同位語從句(Appositive Clause)一般跟在某些名詞(如fact，idea，news，promise等)的后面，用以說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞一般有連詞that，連接副詞how，when等。如：

(11)You have no idea how worried she was．

你不知道她當(dāng)時(shí)是多么地著急。

(12) Have you heard出e news that our team has won?

你聽到我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息了嗎?

(13) The fact that he was against out plan surprised us a11．

他反對我們的方案這一情況使得我們大家大為吃驚。

(14) My mother made a promise that she would buy me a new computer if I did better in the exams．

我母親許諾說如果我考得更好她會給我買一臺新電腦。

(15)He had no idea when his wife would be back．

他不知道他的妻子什么時(shí)候回來。

注意：1．引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that一般不省略。

2．同位語從句用來說明前面的名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容，即是什么；定語從句(Attributive Clause)用來特指或說明前面的先行詞所表示的人或事物是哪一個(gè)，并不涉及內(nèi)容，試比較：

(16)He news that our football team has won was really exciting．

我們足球隊(duì)獲勝的消息確實(shí)太令人興奮了。

(that引導(dǎo)的從句說明了the news的具體內(nèi)容，是同位語從句。)

(17) The news that the teacher told us in class was really exciting．

老師在課上告訴我們的那個(gè)消息確實(shí)太令人興奮了。

(that引導(dǎo)的從句僅指的是哪一個(gè)消息，并沒有說明是什么消息，因此是定語從句。)

3．引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that在從句中不作成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作一個(gè)成分。如例句(17)中的that作told的直接賓語。