如何領(lǐng)悟文中劃線部分的內(nèi)涵意義

儲小琴

在高考的閱讀理解試題或模擬測試試題中常常會碰到一些劃線部分的句子，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)劃線部分的內(nèi)容選擇一個合適的答案。乍一看，這些內(nèi)容似乎很簡單，因為沒有生詞。但仔細(xì)揣摩卻發(fā)現(xiàn)并非那么容易理解，其原因是這些句子都有蘊藏著內(nèi)涵意義，常常使學(xué)生感到困惑不解。此時學(xué)生應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文的線索以及作者的意圖去加以分析，才能理解其正確涵義?，F(xiàn)從部分試題中摘取一些加以分析和歸納，旨在學(xué)生更好地解題。

1. When I lived for a time in London. I had a friend, he was in despair and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despair disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other. (2008 北京卷)

In Paragraph 3, “We gave London to each other” probably means__________.

A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of us.

B. We were unwilling to tear ourselves away from London

C. Our unpleasant feelings about London disappeared

D. We parted with each other in London

從該段落的敘述看，作者和他的朋友當(dāng)時在倫敦，兩人都很絕望，但他們互相鼓勵，

一起尋找美好的事物，直到他們絕望的感覺都消失了?！拔覀儼褌惗亟o了對方，”顯然這里表示我們在倫敦的這段時間互相關(guān)心勉勵，一起尋找美好的生活，因此本題選A.該段落中的劃線部分盡管意思簡單，但蘊藏的卻是作者對人生的感悟，因此還必須結(jié)合全文的內(nèi)容加以判斷，才能獲得正確的答案。

2. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we dont have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe thatgain comes without pain,and that life can be without resistance and struggle. (2008 北京卷)

In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ________.

A. losing weight is effortless B. it costs a lot to lose weight

C. diet products bring no painD. diet products are free from calories

根據(jù)該段落的語境，這些減肥產(chǎn)品使我們認(rèn)為，我們可以不工作就得到結(jié)果，可以不付出痛苦就能有收獲。結(jié)合文章的敘述，劃線部分的含義是：吃減肥食品，我們就可以不鍛煉也能減肥。所以A選項正確。

3. Television has not killed reading, however.Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed as paperbacks, which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times. （2008 安徽卷）

What does the sentence “Television has not killed reading, however” underlined in the second paragraph suggest ?

A. People only need reading , though.B. Reading is still necessary today.

C. Reading is more fun than television. D. Watching television doesnt help reading.

該句為轉(zhuǎn)折的話語，結(jié)合上文和該段落的內(nèi)容可以得知，盡管電視在人們的生活中起著重要的作用，但不能完全代替閱讀報紙和書籍，電視并沒有扼殺人們的閱讀習(xí)慣，今天的報紙和書籍仍然是人們不可缺少的獲取知識和信息的工具。由此可以判斷該題應(yīng)選B。

4. Another challenge Margaret has to face is the reaction of other people when she tells them what she does for a living.” They think you are a cleaner because you dont know how to read and write,” said Margaret. “I used to thinkwhat my parents would say if they knew what Id been doing,but I dont think that way any more. I dont dislike the work though I cant say Im mad about it.”(2008 湖北卷)

The underlined part in the last paragraph implies that Margarets parents would _________.

A. help care for her childrenB. regret what they had said

C. show sympathy for herD. feel disappointed in her

根據(jù)該段落的語境可以得知，在談到別人的異樣的目光時，他們覺得當(dāng)清潔工人的人是不會讀書寫字的人，而Margaret接受過護(hù)士培訓(xùn)，受過教育，因此，“如果父母知道我現(xiàn)在在做什么工作會怎么想呢？”言外之意，他們會對她覺得失望。那么為什么Margaret要去做清潔工呢？閱讀全文可知，她去做該工作是為了掙些額外的錢去照顧生病的孩子。通過對該文的閱讀，可以明確此選擇為D。

5. As we set out , I was shocked at how narrow the path was. And I couldnt help noticing that the other tourists werent like us. They had heavy backpacks, water bottles, and hats. But as usual we were dressed. As the sun rose higher, Arizonas famous heat seemed to roast us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back,our legs were like jelly.(2008陜西卷)

The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly “ probably means_________.

A. we were weakB. we were unhappy C. we were dissatisfiedD. we were disappointed

本段選自作者徒步旅行中的一個片斷，崎嶇的道路，炎熱的天氣又無任何遮蓋物，加之背上又馱著小孩使作者倍感疲倦，從文中話語our legs were aching可以判斷此句的含義應(yīng)選擇A最為貼切。

6. Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants.Pack out what you pack in,so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists. (2008 四川卷)

What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. keep everything out of campgrounds. B. take away everything you bring in.

C. carry all the necessary food.D. look after your personal belongings.

該文主要論述了川流不息的游客在參觀世界聞名的大峽谷時，常常給這個神秘的地方帶來一些不良的后果，為了保護(hù)這塊圣潔的土地，一些相關(guān)措施應(yīng)運而生。根據(jù)段落中劃線部分后的話語so you leave no signs of your visit可以得知，該題應(yīng)選擇B為宜。

通過上面一些段落中劃線部分句子或短語的分析可以看出，在閱讀時首先要結(jié)合該段落的意思去理解，搞清楚其內(nèi)在的涵義，如果還覺得難以區(qū)分，則必須結(jié)合全文的內(nèi)容加以考慮，因為有時某一短語的深層涵義在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上才能明確。因此在閱讀時必須注意文章的主題和相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，從而更好地理解話語的內(nèi)在涵義。