Ｍｏｄｕｌｅ ９ Ｕｎｉｔ １單元點撥
2009-04-29 00:00:00張克印
中學課程輔導·高考版 2009年9期
1. be second to... 僅次于……
拓展：be second to none最佳的，不亞于任何人的；be next to僅次于；緊鄰 be superior to優(yōu)于 be junior to比……小。
例如：He is such a good player that he is second to none. (無人能比)
Next to music， he loves tennis best. 除了音樂，他最喜歡網(wǎng)球。
This employee is superior to the former in ability. 這個雇員比上個能力強。
He is junior to me by two years. 他比我小兩歲。
2. defend vt. 防御，保護，保衛(wèi)，為……護（常和from， against 連用）
He defended her from the attack of a dog. 他保護她不受狗的攻擊。
They defended the city against the enemy. 他們保衛(wèi)這個城市，打擊外來侵敵。
拓展：1) defence n. (美defense) 防御 (工事)，保護，保衛(wèi)；辯護
The defence of the country is everyone’s affair.保衛(wèi)祖國，人人有責。
2) defensive adj. 防御的，愛辯護的
This is a defensive treaty. 這是防御性條約。
3. be located...: 位于……，坐落于……
The house is located next to the river.那座房子位于河畔。
4. consist of: 由……組成 / 構(gòu)成
拓展：同義短語有：be made up of; be composed of等。
【基礎提升】
The United Kingdom ___________Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. is made up for
B. includes
C. is consisted of
D. consists of
【答案：D】
5. a handful of: 少數(shù)（幾個人）；一小撮
例句：Only a handful of people attended the meeting last Sunday. 上周只有少數(shù)人參加了會議。6. cater to 迎合，滿足
例如：Some magazines caters to boys while others are intended for girls.
有些雜志適合男孩兒，而有些則適合女孩兒。
拓展：cater for sb. / sth. 提供，迎合
This play centre caters for children of all ages.這個游樂中心適合各年齡層次的孩子。
7. be bound to必定
拓展：be bound for準備前往 be bound up in sth. 忙于某事；熱衷于某事
【基礎提升】
I feel___________ to say that popular science readings should also ___________the need of farmers.
A. like; suit
B. necessary; meet with
C. bound; cater to
D. right; satisfy
【答案：C】
8. have a preference for 偏愛
拓展：have / show preference for偏愛in preference to 優(yōu)先于by preference最好，首先；根據(jù)偏好
【基礎提升】
介詞填空
1) She chose to learn the violin in preference ___________the piano.
2) We dress simply___________ preference.
【答案：1) to2) by】
9. owe…to…把……歸功于……
拓展：owe sb. one dollar = owe one dollar to sb. 欠某人一美元；owing to 由于……
【基礎提升】
He feels that his health ___________owing to ___________a long walk every other day.
A. is improving; taking
B. has been improved; being taken
C. improved; taken
D. is improving; have taken
【答案：A 】
10. be equipped with 配備有……
拓展：equip的名詞為equipment (不可數(shù)) 設備，一件設備：a piece of equipment
對比：facility (可數(shù))“設施”，復數(shù)形式facilities。
11.distinguish...from...把……和……區(qū)分開來
distinguish A from B 也可以作 distinguish between A and B把A和B區(qū)分開來
例如：The twins are so alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other.
這對雙胞胎長得太像了以致于很難把他們區(qū)分開來。
類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：tell A from B；tell the difference between A and B：分辨A和B
例如：Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能分辨出湯姆和他的孿生兄弟嗎？
It is hard to tell the difference between the two versions. 很難分辨這兩個版本有何區(qū)別。
12. be worthy of... 值得……
拓展：be worthy 值得，后面接of being done，或接to be done.
be worth doing (worth后面用主動形式表被動含義，另worth前表程度的修飾語只能用well)。
This book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得一讀。
這個鐘不值得修。(3種表達法)
The clock isn’t worth repairing.
The clock isn’t worthy of being repaired.
The clock isn’t worthy to be repaired.
特別提醒：在表示價值多少錢時用be worth而不能用be worthy of +名詞短語。
如：How much is this painting worth?這幅畫值多少錢？
13. impressive adj. 給人留下深刻印象的；令人欽佩的
拓展：impress vt. 使（某人）印象深刻；impress sb. with sb. / sth. vt. 給某人留下深刻印象；
impress sth. on / upon sb. 使……意識到，使……銘記，給某人留下深刻印象；
impression n. 印象
Harry Potter is one of the most impressive novels of recent years.
《哈利#8226;波特》是近年來給人印象最深刻的小說之一。
The book impressed a lot of people. 那本書在很多人心中留下深刻印象。
Everyone was deeply impressed by / at / with his knowledge.
他的學問給大家留下了深刻印象。
His behaviour left (made) a bad impression on her.
他的行為給她留下了一個惡劣的印象。
14. as / so far as...is / are concerned就……而言
拓展：concern 作名詞，意為：“擔心，憂慮”；“關心，關愛，關注”。
作動詞，意為：“(事情)與……有關”；“使 某人與……有關 (通常用被動語態(tài))”；“使某人為……擔心 (通常用被動語態(tài))”
be concerned about (with， for， over) 為……擔憂；關心……
The president is deeply concerned about the issue. 總統(tǒng)對這個問題深感擔憂。
He has been soundly defeated at chess. 他在國際象棋比賽中一敗涂地。
【詞義辨析】defeat， beat， win， earn， seize
1) defeat 與 beat 都可以表示在戰(zhàn)斗中或競賽中“戰(zhàn)勝或擊敗 (對手)”，后接競爭對手，如：sb.， a team， a nation等。此用法兩詞可通用。此外，defeat還有“(計劃、希望等) 受挫，失敗”之意；beat還有“(風雨) 吹打，(波浪) 拍打；(心臟) 跳動”等意思。
2) win“戰(zhàn)勝，贏得”，它的賓語通常是比賽 (match， game， competition)，獎牌、獎品(a medal or prize)、戰(zhàn)爭 (war) 或榮譽等，而不能接競爭對手。
3) earn 贏得，掙得，表示通過工作等獲得錢財和利益或經(jīng)過努力獲得地位和榮譽等。
4) seize 用來表示“奪取城市。”
【即時操練】
1) Jack is so good at football that I have never_______________ her.
2) Helping others all the time_____________ him the respect of all.
3) Which team do you know will _____________the football match?
4) The rain is _____________against the windows all the day.
答案：1) defeated / beaten 2) earned 3) win 4) beating
3. while conj. n. \\
1) 當……時候，在此期間
I was reading while you were drying your hair.
While I was in China I visited the Great Wall.
2) 雖然
While I accept that he’s not perfect， I do actually quite like the man.
3) 而，但是
He gets six thousand yuan a year while I only get five hundred yuan.
Jack is very extrovert and confident while his brother is shy and quiet.
4) 一會兒 (一點) 時間
I have stayed here for a short while.
You were there quite a while (= a long time)， weren’t you?
I’ll be fine in a while (= soon).
4. impact n. v.
1) 影響，沖擊；影響
例如：the impact of a collision 碰撞時的沖擊
The bomb exploded on impact.炸彈在撞擊時爆炸了。
2) impact v. 對……發(fā)生影響
例如：Falling export rates have impacted (on) the country’s economy quite considerably.
出口率的下降已經(jīng)極大地影響了國家經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。
【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】
have an impact on sth.=have an effect on sth.=have an influence on sth.
5. responsible adj. 有責任的，應負責任的
例如：be responsible for sth. / doing sth. 承擔責任；對……負責
All pilots are responsible for their passengers’ safety. 所有飛行員均應對乘客的安全負責。
responsibilityn.\\職責，義務， 責任，負責
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday’s bomb attack.
恐怖分子已經(jīng)宣稱對昨天的炸彈襲擊負責。
【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】
response n. 回答，答復—responsible adj. 負責的—responsibly adv. 明事理地，合乎理性地，可信賴地—responsibility n. 責任，義務
【高考鏈接】
The government plans to bring in new laws _____________parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (2009 江西卷)
A. forcedB. forcing
C. to be forcedD. having forced
答案：B。
6. carry sth. out完成，實現(xiàn)，貫徹，執(zhí)行
例如：Don’t blame me; I’m only carrying out my orders/instructions. 不要怪我，我只是執(zhí)行命令而已。
【高考鏈接】
1） The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____________the next year. (2000全國卷)
A. carry outB. carrying out
C. carried outD. to carry out
2） The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was _____________on the radio yesterday. (2007福建卷)
A. turned outB. found out
C. given outD. carried out
答案：1） C 2） C
