ｉｔ作主語的用法
2009-01-01 00:00:00
中學(xué)英語之友·高一版 2009年4期
一、it用作代詞
1.指代事物或前面提到過的事物。例如:
——What’s in the picture?
圖片里畫的是什么?
——It’s a cat. 是一只貓。
It’s the wind shaking the door.
風(fēng)刮得門響。
2.指人。例如:
——Who is it? 是誰?
——It’s me. 是我。
3.表示時間或季節(jié)。例如:
It is seven o’clock now. 現(xiàn)在是7點鐘。
(1) ——What day is today? 今天星期幾?
——It is Friday. 今天星期五。
(2) ——What is the date today? 今天幾號?
——It’s the third of May. 今天5月3號。
(3) ——What season is it? 現(xiàn)在是什么季節(jié)?
——It’s autumn. 是秋天。
4.表示距離。例如:
How far is it from the school to your home?
從學(xué)校到你家有多遠(yuǎn)?
It is twenty miles from here to the village.
從這里到那村莊20英里路。
5.表示氣候。例如:
It is cold today. 今天天氣冷。
——What was the weather like yesterday?
昨天天氣怎樣?
——It was fine. 天氣晴朗。
It often rains here in summer.
這里夏天經(jīng)常下雨。
6.表示情況。例如:
How is it going with you? 你近來情況怎樣?
Where does it hurt? 哪兒痛?
——Whose pen is this? 這是誰的鋼筆?
——It’s mine. 是我的。
二、it用作形式主語
it常用來代替不定式、動名詞短語或名詞性從句作形式主語，位于句首，而被替代的真正主語后置。
1.It+謂語+不定式。例如:
It is easy to climb the hill.
爬那座小山很容易。
It is his duty to settle the problem.
解決那個問題是他的責(zé)任。
It is not proper to do so. 這樣做不恰當(dāng)。
2.It+謂語+動名詞短語。例如:
It is no use arguing with him.
同他爭辯沒用。
It is no good going there.
到那里去沒有好處。
It is exciting working here with you.
在這里同你一起工作很令人興奮。
3.It+謂語+名詞性從句。例如:
It is clear that she is the best student in the class. 很明顯，她是班上最好的學(xué)生。
It’s a pity that you can’t go with her.
你不能同她一塊去，真遺憾。
It’s certain that he will get on well with them. 可以肯定，他會同他們相處得很好。
It is said that he is doing fine in school.
據(jù)說他在學(xué)校里表現(xiàn)很好。
It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not.
他來不來都沒有關(guān)系。
注意:it充當(dāng)形式主語，構(gòu)成大量的常用句式。要注意其后不同的謂語形式。
(1) It is a pity that…
真可惜……，可惜的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
It is a wonder that… ……這真是個奇跡
It is no wonder that… 難怪……
(2) It is obvious(clear) that…
很明顯……，很清楚……
It is strange that…
奇怪的是……，……令人費解
(3) It so happened that…
碰巧……，說來也巧……
It follows that…
從而……，于是乎……，這樣一來……
It seems that… 看來……
It appears that… 看來……，似乎……
It turned out that… 原來……，結(jié)果……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想到……
(4) It was said that… 據(jù)說……
It was reported that… 據(jù)報道……
It is believed that… 據(jù)認(rèn)為，人們認(rèn)為……
It is universally accepted that… 普遍認(rèn)為……
It was announced that… 據(jù)宣布……
It is estimated that… 據(jù)估計……
It is to be noted that… 值得注意的是……
It must be admitted that… 必須承認(rèn)……
It can safely be said that…
完全可以說……
It can thus be concluded that…
由此可以得出結(jié)論……
(5) It doesn’t matter… ……是無關(guān)緊要的
It doesn’t need to be bothered that…
無須擔(dān)憂……
It makes no difference… ……毫無二致
