Ｕｎｉｔｓ１８－１９基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)過(guò)關(guān)斬將

Unit 18

第一關(guān):重難點(diǎn)詞匯(仔細(xì)想想這些詞語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)意思)

1.fisherman 2.great-grandfather 3.great-grandmother 4.northeastern 5.central 6.coast 7.surround 8.mild 9.bay 10.harbour 11.volcano 12.spring 13.heat 14.surface 15.rat 16.settle 17.settler 18.mainly 19.voyage 20.possession 21.bold 22.paragraph 23.grassland 24. mountainous25.surprising 26.secretary 27.percent 28.wedding 29.conference 30.relation 31.agricultural 32.cattle 33.export 34.take possession of 35.make up 36.turn to 37.go sailing 38.go camping 39.sign an agreement with

第二關(guān):易混詞語(yǔ)巧辨

1. [辨析]deep， deeply

(1)deep用于具體的深度，包括時(shí)間和空間。例如:

They dived deep in the sea. 他們潛入海的深處。

talk deep into the night 談到深夜

(2)deeply用于抽象的、比喻的意義。例如:

be deeply moved 被深深感動(dòng)

be deeply sorry for… 對(duì)……深表遺憾

[注意]deeply可以修飾形容詞和過(guò)去分詞，而deep不能，修飾顏色用deep。

2. [辨析]on， beside， at， by， near

on表示“在……旁;接近”，還可以表示“在某一天(星期幾，特定的早、午、晚)”; at表示有目的地靠近;beside和by表示偶然接近，比near表示的距離更近。by比beside的語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)。例如:

The Smiths are at the table. 史密斯一家正坐在餐桌旁(目的為了吃飯)。

He stood beside/by the door. 他靠門(mén)站著。

[注意]不要將beside與besides弄混。

第三關(guān):交際用語(yǔ)及美英交際文化啟示

本單元學(xué)習(xí)描述方位和方向(Describing location and direction)的交際用語(yǔ):

North China華北South China華南West China華西East China華東

Northeastern China中國(guó)東北部Central China華中Southeastern China 中國(guó)東南部

in the north/south/east/west of… 在……的北/南/東/西部

to the north/south/east/west of… 在……以北/南/東/西

in the northern/southern/eastern/western part of… 在……的北/南/東/西部

northeastern/northwestern Sichuan 四川的東北/西北

southeastern/southwestern Hunan 湖南的東南/西南

文化啟示:漢語(yǔ)的“東南，東北”用英語(yǔ)來(lái)表示就成了“南東，北東”了，即southeast， northeast;“西北，西南”是“北西，南西”，即northwest， southwest，也就是說(shuō)在英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)把“北，南”放在前邊，另外，須注意英語(yǔ)方位用到的介詞，不同的介詞有不同的方位含義。

第四關(guān):教材內(nèi)容剖析

Warming up， Listening and Speaking

1.What are the position of the different places and waters in relation to China?

(Ⅰ)譯文:與中國(guó)有關(guān)的各個(gè)地方和水域的位置叫什么?

(Ⅱ)短語(yǔ):in relation to意為“和……聯(lián)系起來(lái)(看，談等)，關(guān)于” eg:

What’s your idea in relation to his marriage? 關(guān)于他的婚姻你有何想法?

We decide to arrest him in relation to his action. 聯(lián)系到他的行為，我們決定逮捕他。

拓展:①relate (vi.) to 涉及;適應(yīng)be related to 與……有關(guān)系 eg:

Who is related to the accident? 誰(shuí)同這事故有關(guān)系?

②relation n.[U]關(guān)系;聯(lián)系[C]親戚;親屬(同relative)

2.The East China Sea lies to the east of Zhejiang Province.

(Ⅰ)譯文:中國(guó)東海位于浙江省的東部。

(Ⅱ)短語(yǔ):常用來(lái)表示“方位”的結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè):

(1)lie/be in the east(west， south， etc.) of… 在……(范圍內(nèi))的東(西、南等)部 eg:

Japan lies/is in the east of Asia. 日本在亞洲東部。

(2)lie/be to the east(west， south， etc.) of…在……(范圍外)的東(西、南等)面 eg:

Japan lies/is to the east of China. 日本位于中國(guó)東面。

(3)lie/be on the east(west， south， etc)of… 在……(范圍外接壤)的東(西，南等)面eg:

India lies/is on the southwest of China. 印度位于中國(guó)的西南面。

拓展:表示“方位”時(shí)，也可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這時(shí)方位名詞前可不用介詞和冠詞。eg:

A temple lies/is to the west of the city.=To the west/West of the city lies/is a temple.

城西有座廟。

Pre-reading， Reading Post-reading

3.New Zealand has a mild sea climate， while the north is subtropical.

(Ⅰ)譯文:新西蘭屬于溫和的海洋性氣候，北部是亞熱帶氣候。

(Ⅱ)詞語(yǔ)辨析:while與but的區(qū)別

while作并列連詞時(shí)，意為“然而;可是”，表示前后意義的轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比，but只表示轉(zhuǎn)折。eg:

Ten years later， he died， while she was still alive. 十年后，他死了，而她還活著。

I’m interested in music while my husband is fond of sports.

我對(duì)音樂(lè)感興趣，而我的丈夫卻喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。

I believe what he said， but I don’t believe in him. 我相信他說(shuō)的話(huà)，但我不相信他這個(gè)人。

4.They brought dogs， rats and plants with them and settled mainly on the North Island where the weather was warmer.

(Ⅰ)譯文:他們帶來(lái)了狗、鼠和植物，主要在天氣比較溫暖的北島定居。

(Ⅱ)生詞:settle(1)vt. 使坐定，安置;使定居;使就職;鎮(zhèn)定(心神);解決(問(wèn)題，爭(zhēng)論等);決定 eg:

She settled herself in the armchair. 她安坐在扶手椅上。

They are settled in their new house. 他們遷入新居。

The music will settle my disordered brain. 音樂(lè)可以鎮(zhèn)定我紊亂的思緒。

(2)vi. 定居;(天氣，狀態(tài)等)穩(wěn)定;鎮(zhèn)靜 eg:

You’d better marry and settle down. 你最好結(jié)婚并安定下來(lái)。

Have you settled on the day for departure? 你已決定離開(kāi)的日期了嗎?

拓展:(1)settlement n. 殖民，移民;解決 settler n. 殖民者;移居者

(2)mainly adv.大體上;主要地(=mostly) eg:

This school is mainly for boys; there are only a few girls in it.

這所學(xué)校主要招收男孩，女孩極少。

Integrating Skills

5.Since the mid-1980s growing numbers of Asians have settled in New Zealand， and they make up about six percent of the total population.

(Ⅰ)譯文:從二十世紀(jì)八十年代中期開(kāi)始，來(lái)新西蘭定居的亞洲人越來(lái)越多，已經(jīng)約占總?cè)丝诘?%。

(Ⅱ)短語(yǔ):make up組成;構(gòu)成eg:

Ten doctors make up the medical team. 十名醫(yī)生組成了這個(gè)醫(yī)療隊(duì)。

Our class is made up of 30 boys and 24 girls. 我們班由30名男生和24名女生組成。

另外，make up用作及物短語(yǔ)時(shí)還意為“虛構(gòu)，編造，湊足，使完整;化妝，打扮;配制;彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償;鋪床;調(diào)停，和解”等。eg:

The boy made up an excuse to cheat his parents. 那個(gè)男孩編了個(gè)理由欺騙他父母。

We need one more player to make up a team. 我們還需要一名隊(duì)員才能湊足一個(gè)球隊(duì)。

She took more than an hour to make herself up. 她花了一個(gè)多小時(shí)來(lái)化妝。

The mother is making up the bed for her baby. 母親正在為小孩鋪床。

They made it up soon after their quarrel. 他們吵架后不久就言歸于好了。

6.New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.

(Ⅰ)譯文:新西蘭葡萄酒質(zhì)量高，行銷(xiāo)全世界。

(Ⅱ)語(yǔ)法:(1)be of+抽象名詞，相當(dāng)于be+形容詞，意為“具有……”，表示人或事物的品質(zhì)特征等。這類(lèi)抽象名詞常用的有:use， good， importance， help， value等。eg:

This book is of great use to me.=This book is very useful to me. 這本書(shū)對(duì)我很有用。

The meeting to be held is of great importance.=The meeting to be held is very important.

將要召開(kāi)的會(huì)議很重要。

(2)be of+具體名詞，意為“屬于……”。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有:team， class， group， club， society， age， height， weight， width， depth， length， size， area等。eg:

She is of middle age/height. 她已到了中年/是中等個(gè)兒。

We are of the same class/age. 我們同班/同齡。

注意:“of+the same+名詞”用在系動(dòng)詞be之后時(shí)，可將of省略。eg:

Lucy and I are (of) the same weight. 露西和我一樣重。

Unit 19

第一關(guān):重難點(diǎn)詞匯(仔細(xì)想想這些詞語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)意思)

1.protection 2.technique 3.irrigation 4.pump 5.seed 6.technical 7.import 8.production 9.root 10.insect 11.tobacco 12.golden 13.method 14.tie 15.discovery 16.garden 17.gardening 18.gardener 19.wisdom 20.practical 21.guide 22.firstly 23.sow 24.condition 25.soil 26.weed 27.remove 28.sunflower 29.generation 30.depend on 31.and so on 32.go against 33.take notes of 34.as well as 35.in other words 36.a variety of 37.year after year

第二關(guān):易混詞語(yǔ)巧辨

1. [辨析]raise， keep， feed

(1)raise既可以表示“飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物”，也可以表示“養(yǎng)育(子、女);培育(植物)”。例如:

They are proud to have raised such a fine son. 養(yǎng)育這樣一個(gè)好兒子他們感到很自豪。

(2)keep可表示“撫養(yǎng)(人)”或“飼養(yǎng)(動(dòng)物)”。例如:

keep animals飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物

(3)feed強(qiáng)調(diào)“喂養(yǎng)”，賓語(yǔ)既可以是人，也可以是物。例如:

Please feed some grass to the cows.=Please feed the cows with some grass. 請(qǐng)給牛喂點(diǎn)草。

2. [辨析]knowledge， information， wisdom

(1)knowledge有“正確的、系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)”的意思，也可指?jìng)€(gè)人的知識(shí)及人類(lèi)所積累的知識(shí)。例如:

Knowledge comes from practice. 知識(shí)來(lái)源于實(shí)踐。

(2)information指?jìng)€(gè)人從他人、書(shū)本、觀(guān)察、實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)等所得來(lái)的真實(shí)的或想像的知識(shí)，含有偶然的意味，常指雜碎的知識(shí)。例如:

He has acquired much information but has little real knowledge.

他得到了很多零碎的見(jiàn)聞，但沒(méi)有多少真正的知識(shí)。

(3)wisdom指智者所有的或從研究所得到的高級(jí)的知識(shí)，現(xiàn)在多作為文學(xué)和修辭上的用語(yǔ)。例如:

He shows great wisdom. 他表現(xiàn)出很有學(xué)問(wèn)。

3. [辨析]move， remove

(1)move表示“位置或姿勢(shì)的移動(dòng);搬家;感動(dòng)等”。例如:

Please move your car. It’s blocking the road. 請(qǐng)你把車(chē)挪動(dòng)一下，它擋路了。

Can you sit still without moving for 10 minutes? 你能一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐上10分鐘嗎?

(2)remove多用于表示“除去;移開(kāi);調(diào)動(dòng)”，還有“解雇;免職”的意思。例如:

Whether the boy will be removed from the class or not hasn’t been decided.

那個(gè)男孩是否被從班上開(kāi)除還沒(méi)有決定。

第三關(guān):交際用語(yǔ)及美英交際文化啟示

本單元學(xué)習(xí)了提建議和作決定(Giving advice and making decisions)的交際用語(yǔ):

I think you should… 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該……

You’d better… 你最好……

In my opinion you should… 在我看來(lái)，你應(yīng)該……

If I were you… 如果我是你的話(huà)……

We can’t do both， so… 我們不能二者兼做，所以……

The other idea sounds better to me… 另外一個(gè)主意我聽(tīng)著更好……

As far as I can see the best thing would be to… 據(jù)我所知，最好的事情將是……

I think he is right… 我認(rèn)為他是對(duì)的……

Wouldn’t it be better if…? 如果……難道不是更好嗎?

We have to make a choice… 我們不得不作出選擇……

I will… 我將……

I’ve decided to… 我已決定……

[文化啟示]英語(yǔ)中用于提建議的交際用語(yǔ)一般比較委婉，常用in my opinion， I think， Wouldn’t it be better if…等;而作決定的交際用語(yǔ)則比較直截了當(dāng)。

第四關(guān):教材內(nèi)容剖析

Warming up， Listening Speaking

7.Why do you think this happens?

(Ⅰ)譯文:你認(rèn)為這為什么發(fā)生?

(Ⅱ)句型:do you think是插入語(yǔ)，放在疑問(wèn)句why之后，構(gòu)成雙重疑問(wèn)。插入語(yǔ)把原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)句一分為二，插入語(yǔ)之后的部分用陳述語(yǔ)序。eg:

What can you guess made us so worried? 你能猜出是什么使得我們?nèi)绱藫?dān)心嗎?

What did they suggest we should do during the summer holiday? 他們建議我們暑假做什么?

Who do you think will win in the game? 你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)將在比賽中獲勝?

注意:①do you think也可以放在句末。eg:

What is it， do you think? 你認(rèn)為它是什么?

②do you know不能看作插入語(yǔ)，所以不能放在疑問(wèn)詞之后。eg:

Do you know where she is? 你知道她在哪里嗎?

8.As far as I can see the best thing would be to…

(Ⅰ)譯文:依我看，最好的事情是……

(Ⅱ)短語(yǔ):as/so far as就……來(lái)說(shuō);就……而論;直到……程度、范圍等。eg:

He isn’t handsome as far as I know. 據(jù)我所知，他長(zhǎng)得并不帥。

As far as I can see， he is an honest man. 據(jù)我所知，他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

As far as the quality of tone goes， this radio is better. 就音質(zhì)而論，這臺(tái)收音機(jī)更好。

注意:as far as的本義是“遠(yuǎn)到……(距離)”。eg:

She walked as far as the next bus stop. 她一直走到下個(gè)公交車(chē)站。

拓展:as long as sb. can remember 在某人的記憶當(dāng)中eg:

As long as I can remember， he was very fat at that time. 在我記憶當(dāng)中，他那時(shí)非常胖。

Pre-reading， Reading Post-reading

9. The temperature is controlled with computers， no matter how the weather is outside.

(Ⅰ)譯文:不管室外天氣如何，室內(nèi)溫度由電腦控制。

(Ⅱ)語(yǔ)法:no matter who/what/which/when/where/how…意為“不管……;無(wú)論……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于whoever/whatever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however… eg:

No matter where/Wherever you go， I’ll go with you. 無(wú)論你去哪里，我都會(huì)和你一起去。

No matter who/Whoever she is， she will have to wait. 不管她是誰(shuí)，她都必須等。

No matter when/Whenever I go to see him， he is always busy with his work.

無(wú)論何時(shí)我去看他，他總是忙于工作。

注意:whatever/whoever/whichever…還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，此時(shí)不可用no matter…結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)?yè)Q。eg:

It’s considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.

無(wú)論孩子要什么都給，那是不明智的。

Whoever leaves the classroom last must lock the door. 不管誰(shuí)最后離開(kāi)教室都必須鎖門(mén)。

You may choose whichever you like. 你喜歡哪個(gè)就挑哪個(gè)。

另外:however還可用作副詞，表示“然而;可是”。eg:

I’d like to go out now， however， I’m not myself. 我現(xiàn)在很想出去，可是我感覺(jué)不舒服。

10. A variety of GM watermelons will be seedless and there is GM rice， sometimes called “golden rice”， which will have more vitamins and can grow in poor soil.

(Ⅰ)譯文:很多種轉(zhuǎn)基因西瓜將是無(wú)籽西瓜，還有有時(shí)被稱(chēng)為“金米”的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻，它將含有更多的維生素并可在貧瘠的土壤里生長(zhǎng)。

(Ⅱ)短語(yǔ):a variety of相當(dāng)于形容詞various，意為“多種多樣的;各種各樣的”。還可用varieties of表示此意。eg:

The shop has a variety of toys. 這家商店有各式各樣的玩具。

She showed a variety/varieties of flowers. 她展示了各種各樣的花。

另外:We are growing a new variety of wheat this year. 今年我們?cè)诜N植一種新的小麥品種。(variety在本句中相當(dāng)于kind，種類(lèi))

拓展:vary v. (體積，容積，力量等)變化，改變 variously adv.(情況，時(shí)間，處所等)不同地

Integrating Skills

11. For example， do not plant rice year after year in the same field.

(Ⅰ)譯文:例如，同一塊地里不要年復(fù)一年地種稻子。

(Ⅱ)辨析:year after year與year by year的區(qū)別:

year after year一年一年地;年復(fù)一年地。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的重復(fù)性。

year by year逐年地，強(qiáng)調(diào)漸變過(guò)程。eg:

We send cards to each other year after year. 我們年年互贈(zèng)賀卡。

My grandmother grows older year by year. 我奶奶一年年地衰老了。

12. Farmers’ proverbs and sayings

(Ⅰ)譯文:農(nóng)諺習(xí)語(yǔ)

(Ⅱ)生詞:proverb n. 諺語(yǔ);俗語(yǔ);常言，笑柄相當(dāng)于saying(諺語(yǔ)) eg:

His ignorance is a proverb. 他的無(wú)知已成笑柄。

拓展:習(xí)慣用語(yǔ):

as the proverb goes(runs/says) 俗話(huà)說(shuō)be a proverb of… ……是盡人皆知的

pass into a proverb 成為諺語(yǔ);成為話(huà)柄to a proverb 到人人皆知的程度

as the saying goes 俗話(huà)說(shuō);常言道It goes without saying that… ……不言而喻

There is no saying… 很難說(shuō)……;沒(méi)法知道……