Ｕｎｉｔｓ１８－１９詞語用法歸納

Unit 18

1. run vi. (物)延伸，擴(kuò)展;(事情)繼續(xù)。例如:

(1)The road runs along the river.

那條道路沿著河流延伸。

(2)The ivy runs along the hedge.

常春藤沿著籬笆攀爬。

(3)The musical play has been running for five years. 那部音樂劇已連續(xù)演了五年。

[搭配]run across 偶然遇見;跑過

run after 追求，追逐

run against與……相撞

run at 向……沖去

run away 逃跑，跑

run back to 追溯到

run out of 用完

run up to (數(shù)目)達(dá)到……

2. be made up of 由……組成。例如:

Our class is made up of six groups.

我們班由六個小組組成。

[比較]be made up of/be made with/be made out of/be made into

(1)be made with指制成品中包含的某種原材料，是“由……做成的”的意思。

A fruit cake is made with fruit. 水果蛋糕是用水果制成的。

(2)be made out of 指做成整個成品的材料，多用于口語，意思和be made of/from差不多，只是語氣強一些。例如:

The shirt is made out of the material.

這襯衫是用這種料子做成的。

(3)be made into是指“某種原料制成某種成品”。例如:

Wool has been made into sweaters.

羊毛已做成羊毛衫了。

3. surround vt. 包圍、環(huán)繞

[用法]surround指一物四周被另一物圍繞或完全覆蓋;也可指人(尤指土兵或警察)包圍一個地方。例如:

(1)The house was surrounded by high walls. 房屋四周圍著高墻。

(2)The whole cake is surrounded by a thick coat of jelly.

整個蛋糕覆蓋著一層厚厚的果凍。

(3)The village was surrounded by troops. 村莊被部隊包圍了。

(4)They have surrounded the town with troops. 他們動用部隊包圍了這座城。

4. same adj. 同一的，同樣的

[搭配]the same… as 與……一樣

the same… that 是……同一個

at the same time 同時

all the same 盡管，如此，仍然。例如:

(1)We are the same age. 我們同歲。

(2)Let’s meet at the same place as yesterday. 讓我們在昨天見面的地方相見吧。

(3)That jacket is the same as mine.

那上衣與我的一樣。

(4)This is the same pen that I lost.

這正是我丟失的那支鋼筆。

(5)They began to laugh at the same time. 他們同時笑了起來。

(6)He has faults， but I like him all the same. 他有缺點，然而我還是喜歡他。

(1)He is famous for his fine acting.

他以演技精湛聞名。

(2)China has been famous for its silk trade. 中國以絲綢貿(mào)易著稱。

[比較]be famous for/be famous as

be famous as表示“以……身份聞名”，be famous for是“以……而著名”。例如:

(1)The town is famous as a gambling resort. 該城是個著名的賭城。

(2)He is rather famous as a speechmaker.

他作為一個演說家是相當(dāng)有名的。

(3)The boy is famous for his handwriting. 這個男孩以他的書法而聞名。

6. settle vt. 安排;料理;解決;決定;使平靜;安靜;安家;家居。例如:

(1)The moment she got up， she settled her room. 她一起來就收拾房間。

(2)That settles the matter.

事情就這樣定了。

(3)He settled in the country after his retirement. 他退休后定居在鄉(xiāng)下。

(4)The family finally settled down in Canada. 這一家最后定居加拿大了。

7. by不遲于，到……為止

[用法]by表示“不遲于某時”，“在某時之前(已經(jīng)完成)”，常與完成時態(tài)連用;若指“到過去的某一時候止”，則用過去完成時;有時by后接將來時間，也用將來時。例如:

(1)Perhaps she has recovered by now.

或許到現(xiàn)在她已康復(fù)了。

(2)By next Friday I ought to have finished the job.

到下周五，我應(yīng)完成這項工作。

(3)By the end of last term， we had studied more than five hundred English words. 到上學(xué)期期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了500多個英語單詞。

(4)Your son will be all right by supper time. 你兒子到晚飯時會好的。

8. sign vt. vi. 署名、簽字(約)。例如:

(1)He signed the check.

他簽發(fā)了支票。

(2)Please sign here. 請在此簽名。

(3)He signed his name on the painting which he had just finished. 他在剛剛完成的畫上簽上了自己的名字。

(4)She signed with the company.

她與那家公司簽署了合約。

[拓展]sign也可以用作名詞，作“記號、標(biāo)識、信號、跡象”等解。例如:

(1)maths signs 數(shù)學(xué)符號

(2)the sign of a barber’s shop

理發(fā)店的標(biāo)志

(3)The teacher made a sign to us to be quiet. 老師做了一個手勢叫我們安靜。

(4)There were no signs of life on the island. 那個島上沒有生物存在的跡象。

9. refer to涉及;說到;查閱;參考

[用法]refer to中的to為介詞，表示“提及、涉及”的對象。例如:

(1)What are you referring to?

你指的是什么?

(2)I thought that he had referred to the boy. 我想他指的是那個男孩。

(3)The speaker often referred to his notes. 那位演講者?？此墓P記。

(4)He referred to the dictionary.

他查閱了那本詞典。

[比較]refer…to… 為“把……提交”“指點……”，“交付”，其中的to也為介詞，例如:

(1)We referred her to a doctor.

我們把她交給了醫(yī)生。

(2)He referred me to the dictionary.

他吩咐我查字典。

10. population n. 人口

[用法]population，作“人口”解時是集體名詞，一般不用作復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)我們說一個城市，地區(qū)或國家的人口時，常加冠詞。如:人口眾多:has a large population;有……人口has a population of…。表示人口多、少一般不用much， little，而用large， small來修飾。提問有多少人口時應(yīng)用疑問詞what。例如:

(1)Our country has a large population.

我國人口很多。

(2)The city has a population of 100，000.

那城市有十萬人口。

(3)What is the population of your province? 你們省有多少人口?

[注意]當(dāng)population作主語指人、且賓語或表語是表職業(yè)或身份的詞時，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

Most of the population in this factory are women workers.

這個工廠大部分職工都是女的。

11. take place發(fā)生

[比較]happen與take place都有“發(fā)生”的意思，但用法有所不同。

happen指事情的發(fā)生，往往帶有“偶然”，或“未能預(yù)見”的意思。

take place指事先布置或策劃好而后發(fā)生，沒有“偶然”的意味。例如:

(1)If anything happens to the patient， let me know at once. 如果這位病人發(fā)生什么意外，請馬上告訴我。

(2)I happened to meet him in the park that day. 那天我碰巧在公園遇到了他。

(3)The December Ninth Movement took place in 1935.

“一二#8226;九”運動發(fā)生在1935年。

[注意]take place與happen都是不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如:

Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

12. compare比較

[搭配]compare…to… 把……比作; compare…with… 把……與……進(jìn)行比較。例如:

(1)A beginner’s painting can’t be compared to that of an expert.

初學(xué)者的畫不能同專家的相比。

(2)If you compare her work with his， you’ll find hers is much better. 要是把他倆的工作比較一下，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)她的好得多。

[注意]①compared with(to)“和……比較”，常位于句首或句尾，作狀語。例如:

Compared with(to) drivers in other countries， Americans think they’re good drivers. 同其他國家的司機相比，美國人認(rèn)為它們是不錯的。

②compare notes (with sb.)(習(xí)語)交換意見、觀點、看法等。例如:

We saw the play separately and compared notes afterwards. 我們各自看了那出戲，后來交換了意見。

13. while conj.而

[用法]while作連詞，表對比，常譯為“而”;此時，不能同when互換。例如:

(1)He is lazy， while his brother is diligent. 他懶惰而他兄弟勤勉。

(2)While you maybe right， I cannot altogether agree with you.

你也許是對的，可我不能完全同意你。

[注意]while作“當(dāng)……的時候”講時表示一段時間，往往有自己的特殊意義，含有“趁著”之意。細(xì)讀下列句子，體會句中while與when意義的區(qū)別:

If you don’t work hard while you are young， you may regret when you are old.

少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。

14. Possession n.(U)所有;擁有(C)財產(chǎn);所有物(常用復(fù)數(shù))。例如:

(1)The possession of a passport is important for foreign travel. 去國外旅行需要護(hù)照。

(2)She has valuable information in her possession. 她掌握了重要的信息。

(3)He lost all his possessions in the fire.

他在火災(zāi)中損失了所有的財產(chǎn)。

[注意](習(xí)語)in possession of sth.控制，占有，占據(jù)某物; take possession of sth. 占有(某物)。例如:

The old couple were in possession(took possession) of the house 30 years ago.

這對老夫婦30年前就買下了這座房子。

[比較] possessions/goods/wealth

possessions作“財產(chǎn);所有物”講，常用復(fù)數(shù);goods“貨物;商品;財產(chǎn)”，復(fù)數(shù)名詞，無單數(shù)形式，不能與數(shù)詞連用，但可與many， these， those等詞連用，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);wealth“財產(chǎn);財富”，為不可數(shù)名詞。例如:

(1)The goods were produced by a big factory in Shanghai.

這些貨物是由上海一家大工廠生產(chǎn)的。

(2)The king’s wealth was too great to measure. 國王的財富多得難以計算。

Unit 19

1. against的用法

(1)作“反對”解，相當(dāng)于“in opposition to”。

There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有二十票贊成他而十二票反對他。

(2)作“防備;預(yù)防”解，相當(dāng)于“in preparation for”。

We all need some savings against a rainy day. 我們都需要儲蓄一些錢以備不時之需。

(3)作“抵抗、抵御”解，相當(dāng)于“as a defence or protection from”。

We are all taking medicine against the disease. 我們都在服藥以抵抗疾病。

(4)作“違反;犯;禁止”解。

This is against the law. 這是違法的。

(5)作“逆……，對著”解，相當(dāng)于“in an opposite direction to”。

I swam against the stream. 我逆流游泳。

(6)作“不利于……”解。

The evidence is against him.

證據(jù)對他不利。

(7)作“襯托;相映;對照;以……為背景”解，相當(dāng)于“in contrast to; having as a background”。

Ms. Alice is beautiful against the sky.

在藍(lán)天的映襯下，艾麗斯小姐是美麗的。

(8)作“對比;比較”解。

He was elected president of our class by a majority of forty votes against seven. 他以四十票對七票之多數(shù)被選為我們的班長。

(9)作“靠;依;接觸”解。

The ladder was placed against the wall.

梯子靠著墻放著。

(10)against與beat， dash， hit， push， run，strike等動詞連用，作“打在……上，碰到……”解。

Rain beats against the window.

雨打在窗戶上。

He hit against a tree. 他撞到了樹上。

(11)against與over連用，作“面對;相對;在……的正對面”解。

We live over against the temple.

我們住在那寺廟的正對面。

2. develop的用法

(1)發(fā)展，養(yǎng)成，形成，培養(yǎng)(vt.)

He developed an interest in science.

他對科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣。

Fresh air and exercise develop healthy bodies.新鮮空氣和體育鍛煉造就健康的體魄。

(2)發(fā)展，成長，形成，出現(xiàn)

He developed into a strong leader.

他成長為一位身體強健的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。

(3)沖冼(膠卷)

Let’s have these pictures developed.

咱們把這些照片沖洗一下吧。

(4)開發(fā)，建設(shè)

We must develop the natural resources of our country.

我們必須開發(fā)我國的自然資源。

3. research的用法

(1)①作名詞“研究工作”(不可數(shù))

I asked him how his research was going.

我詢問他的研究工作進(jìn)展得如何了。

(可作定語:research work研究工作)

②“一項研究工作”(可數(shù))

They are carrying out a research into(for)the causes of cancer.他們在進(jìn)行一項研究癌癥起因的工作。

I tried to concentrate my attention upon my chemical researches.

我盡力把注意力集中到了化學(xué)研究上。

(2)①作動詞“研究”(vt.vi.)

The scientist researched the cause of the disease. 科學(xué)家研究了這種疾病的起因。

②用于research into/in/on研究

He is researching into the reading problems of young school children.

他在研究小學(xué)生的閱讀問題。