Unit 5
1. ——What are you doing?你在干什么?
——I’m watching TV. 我在看電視。
(1) 一問一答兩個句子均使用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。watch為及物動詞,“觀看;注視”,指帶有欣賞性的觀看,常指看電視、看比賽。例如:
Jim is watching a football game. 吉姆正在觀看一場足球比賽。
(2) watch還可以用作名詞,“手表”。例如:
I want a new watch. 我想要一塊新手表。
2. ——What are you doing? 你在干什么?
——I’m cleaning. 我在打掃衛(wèi)生。
當(dāng)我們想要表達(dá)某人此時此刻或當(dāng)前某一階段正在做什么時,用“主語+be+現(xiàn)在分詞”句式,這是典型的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句子。
clean 作為動詞,含義是“使清潔;使干凈”等。例如:
The floor is cleaned easily. 這地板容易弄干凈。
clean 可作形容詞,含義是“清新的;干凈的”等。例如:
We should keep the classroom clean. 我們應(yīng)該保持教室干凈。
3. Do you want to go to the movies? 你想去看電影嗎?
(1) want 動詞,“想;想要”。通常有兩種用法,即want sth. 想要某物;want to do sth. 想要做某事。例如:
That boy wants a computer. 那個男孩想要一臺電腦。
They want to take some photos in the park. 他們想在公園里拍一些照片。
(2) movie名詞,“電影;影片”。go to the movies去看電影。例如:
That’s a good movie. 那是一部好電影。
Let’s go to the movies. 讓我們?nèi)タ措娪鞍桑?/p>
4. That sounds good. 那聽起來不錯。
sound 為連系動詞,“聽起來……”,其后可直接跟形容詞作表語,而不能接副詞。例如:
這音樂聽起來很美。
[誤] The music sounds beautifully.
[正] The music sounds beautiful.
5. This TV show is boring. 這個電視節(jié)目很無聊。
(1)show 此處為名詞,“展覽;展示;節(jié)目”。例如:
I like fashion show very much. 我非常喜歡時裝表演。
show 還常用作動詞,“出示;展示”,主要用法為show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 把某物出示給某人看。例如:
He shows his photos to us.=He shows us his photos. 他給我們看他的照片。
(2)形容詞boring意為“乏味的、無聊的、令人厭煩的”,作表語或定語。例如:
This is a boring book. 這是一本乏味的書。
6. What’s he waiting for? 他在等什么?
(1)wait 不及物動詞,后面不能直接跟賓語,接賓語時要與介詞for搭配使用,wait for sb./sth.等待某人/某事; wait to do sth.等著做某事。
類似的不及物動詞與介詞搭配使用的還有:look at看,listen to聽,talk about談?wù)?,talk to和……談話等。
We’re waiting for a bus. 我們在等公共汽車。
He is waiting to see the boss. 他在等著見老板。
wait的其他短語與句型:waiting room候診(車)室,wait one’s chance等待時機(jī),wait on服侍、伺候,can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地去干某事。例如:
They all wait on the king. 他們都在侍奉國王。
Today is Mingming’s birthday; he can’t wait to open his present.
今天是明明的生日,他迫不及待地打開了他的生日禮物。
The children are waiting for their teacher. 孩子們在等他們的老師。
7. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? What are they talking about? 莉莎和蒂姆在和誰談話?他們在談?wù)撌裁矗?/p>
talk在句中作動詞,意思是“交談,談?wù)摗?。常用搭配:talk to“談話”,talk about“談?wù)摗保瑃alk with“談?wù)?,交談”,?qiáng)調(diào)雙方都在講。
They are talking about the new movie. 他們正在談?wù)撃遣啃掠捌?/p>
Are you talking about me? 他們正在談?wù)撽P(guān)于我的事情嗎?
talk作名詞時,含義是“說話,談話,演講”等。如:
Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你談?wù)剢幔?/p>
They’ll have a talk this afternoon. 今天下午他們要聽報告。
8. Thanks for your letter and the photos. 謝謝你的來信和寄來的照片。
(1) thanks for相當(dāng)于thank you for, for后跟名詞。例如:
Thanks for your help. 謝謝你的幫助。
Thanks for your kindness. 感謝你的好意。
(2) 如果for后要表示一個動作,就要使用動名詞形式,即:Thanks for doing sth.。例如:
Thanks for helping me. 謝謝你幫助了我。
Thanks for telling me the way. 謝謝你給我指路。
9. Here are some of my photos. 這是我的一些照片。
(1)這是一個倒裝句,由here或there開頭的倒裝句的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由后面的主語來決定。即:主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù);主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
(2)由here或there開頭的句子,當(dāng)主語是代詞時,不需倒裝。
Here is your book. 這是你的書。Here you are. 給你。
其正常語序為:Some of my photos are here.
some of意為“一些”,后面跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
some of my books 一些我的書(我書中的一部分)
10. ——When do you want to go? 你什么時候走? ——At three o’clock. 三點。
when在這里表示時間,相當(dāng)于what time。當(dāng)when表示具體的幾點鐘時,它可以代替what time,而如要表示年、月、日、星期幾時,我們只能用when。如你每天幾點起床?這里的幾點指的是鐘點,所以我們可以說,“What time do you get up every day?”,也可以說,“When do you get up every day?”。但是如果我們想說,“你什么時候過生日?”我們只能說“When is your birthday?”,因為這里的時間指的是幾月幾號。
Unit 6
1. ——How is the weather in Shanghai? 上海天氣怎么樣?——It’s cloudy。多云。
(1)weather作為名詞,意為“天氣”,常用來表示某日或某段時間或某個季節(jié)的天氣。如果指長期性的氣候則用climate。例如:
The weather is good (fine) today. 今天的天氣很好。
We have a mild climate here. 這兒的氣候溫和。
(2)若對天氣狀況提問時,常用How’s the weather…?意為“……的天氣如何?”例如:
How is the weather today? 今天的天氣如何?
也可這樣問:What’s the weather like today?
(3)cloudy作形容詞,由名詞cloud加后綴“y”構(gòu)成。意為“多云的;陰天的”。
本單元中還有windy(多風(fēng)的), sunny(晴朗的), 也是同樣的構(gòu)詞法(wind+y和sun雙寫n+y)。類似的還有rainy(多雨的)和snowy(多雪的)等。
(4)it是代詞,可在句中作主語和賓語,代指事物。在本句中it作主語,指天氣。它還可指時間距離等。應(yīng)注意的是,it在句中有時不需要譯成中文??筛鶕?jù)上下文去理解和翻譯。例如:
It’s cold today. 今天很冷。
What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點了?
How far is it from the school? 到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?
It’s about one mile. 一英里左右。
2. ——How is it going? 你好嗎?
——Great! 好極了!
(1)該句是由疑問副詞how引出的問候句型,問候別人近來過得怎么樣或詢問事情進(jìn)行的如何的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。意為:“一切順利嗎?”通常都跟在Hello或Hi之后。例如:
How is everything? 一切都好嗎?
Hello, how is your family? 家里人都好嗎?
Hi, how is the life? 日子過得怎樣?
此類答語一般用“Great!好極了!”; “Not bad!不錯!”; “Terrible!糟透了!”; “Pretty good. 相當(dāng)好?!?; “Just so-so. 馬馬虎虎(一般化)?!薄癝ame so ever. 同以前一樣。”等。
(2)句中的主語是代詞it, 用來指代問話人所問的“那件事情”,即可以指代問話人所關(guān)心的任何事情。
(3)動詞go在此處不表示“去;走”,而表示“進(jìn)行;進(jìn)展”,常用be going的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Everything is going well. 一切進(jìn)展順利。
——How is it going? 事情進(jìn)展如何?
——Marvelous! 棒極了!
3. Thank you for joining CCTV’s Around the World show. 謝謝你參加央視《世界各地》欄目。
Around the World 在此作為專有名詞,所以要大寫首字母,即“(央視的)世界各地”欄目。around the world 意為:環(huán)球(旅行),或世界各地。around 在此處的意思是:在各處。例如:
Your clothes are lying around the room. 你的衣服放得屋里到處都是。
4. There are many people here on vacation. 很多人在這兒度假。
vacation作名詞,意為“休假;假期”。常指一次性的休假(不論假日有多少天)。on vacation是“在休假中;在度假”的意思,也可說on holiday。例如:
Where are you planning to spend your next vacation? 下一次你打算去哪里度假?
They went to France on vacation last month. 上個月他們到法國去度假了。
5. Some are taking photos. 有些人在照相。
take photos 意思是“拍照”。如果表示“拍……的照片”,用“take photos of sth./sb.”。例如:
——What are you doing here? 你們在這兒干什么?
——We’re taking photos of the panda. 我們在給熊貓拍照。
6. But everyone is having a good time. 但是每個人都玩得很高興。
have a good time意思是“玩得愉快;高興”,相當(dāng)于have a wonderful time/have a great time/have a nice time。例如:
We had a good time at the party yesterday. 我們昨天在晚會上玩得很開心。
7. ——Do you want to go to the movies? 你想去看電影嗎?
——Sure, this video is boring. 當(dāng)然想,這個電視錄像太沒勁了。
Sure用來回答問句:“Do you want to do something?”表示“非常愿意/當(dāng)然了”之意。例如:
——Do you want to play soccer with us? 你愿意和我們一起踢足球球嗎?
——Sure. 當(dāng)然愿意。
——Do you know what this is in English? 你知道這個用英語怎么說嗎?
——Sure, it’s a book. 當(dāng)然,是書
口語中還可以用“Of course./Certainly.”來回答。例如:
——Do you like to listen to music? ——Of course./Certainly.
8. Not bad. 還行,不錯。
這是人們對事情的進(jìn)展,所處環(huán)境等表示“還滿意”的常用表達(dá)方式,類似的表達(dá)還有:“Great!棒極了!”“Terrible!太糟了!很差勁!”“Pretty good!相當(dāng)好!”
9. Hi, Alice? This is Bob. 喂,是艾麗斯嗎?我是鮑勃。
這是打電話用語,其中This is…相當(dāng)于I’m…但在打電話中要用This is…,不可用I’m…來說明自己的身份。打電話的常用語有:“Who’s that? 你是誰呀?” “Who’s speaking? 誰在講話?” “Is that… 你是……?” “This is… 我是……。” “May I speak to Mary? 我可以找瑪麗通話嗎?”
10. That sounds terrible. 那聽起來很糟糕。
(1)句中的sound為系動詞,后常接形容詞作表語,也可接名詞、代詞。例如:
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法聽起來不錯。
The music sounds beautiful. 這音樂聽起來很美。
(2)類似的系動詞還有:look(看起來), seem(似乎), taste(嘗起來), feel(摸起來), turn(變得),grow(變得), become(變成)。例如:
He looks happy. 他看起來很高興。
He seems quite happy. 他似乎很高興。
It tastes fine. 這東西吃起來很好。
The cloth feels soft. 這布料摸起來柔軟。
His face turns red. 他的臉變紅了。
It grew dark. 天色變暗了。
He becomes more and more strong. 他變得越來越強(qiáng)壯了。
[小試牛刀]單項填空:
1. Look!He ____ games over there.
A. playsB. playC. playingD. is playing
2. ——What are the children doing?
——They ____ volleyball.
A. playingB. be playingC. are playingD. is playing
3. Are they ____?
A. takes photosB. taking photosC. take photosD. took photos
4. ——Could you come here, please? The box is too big.
——____.
A. No, I can’tB. Yes, I could
C. You’re welcomeD. OK, I’m coming now
5. Look! Who is she talking ____?
A. atB. withC. overD. for
6. ——____ Dave and Marie ____ TV now?
——Yes, they are.
A. Does; watchingB. Is; watching C. Does; watchD. Are; watching
7. Look! Jenny ____ a book and her sister ____ her homework.
A. is looking at; is doingB. is reading; is doing
C. reads; doD. is seeing; does
8. Nancy and Mary are doing ____ homework.
A. herB. their C. myD. your
9. A dog is ____ after a ball now.
A. runB. running C. runsD. ran
10. When Australia is hot, China is ____.
A. coolB. warmC. humidD. cold
11. In South China ____ a lot of rain.
A. hasB. haveC. there isD. there are
12. My watch is lost. I’m ___ it.
A. findingB. askingC. looking forD. watching
13. ____ winter it is very cold ____ Moscow.
A. In, inB. In, at C. On, inD. On, on
14. Thank you ____ me with my homework.
A. to helpB. to helpingC. for helpD. for helping
15. I ____ it can ____.
A. think; not flyB. think; not flyingC. don’t think; flyD. think not; flying
16. ——How was it going?
——____. I don’t want to tell it to my parents.
A. GreatB. Not bad C. TerribleD. Pretty good
17. ____ the weather like tomorrow?
A. How’sB. When’s C. What’sD. Where’s
18. It’s windy. That ____.
A. sound terriblyB. sounds terribleC. sounds terriblyD. looks terribly
19. ____ it going?
A. How areB. How’s C. What areD. What’s
20. I really don’t ____ see me.
A. her wantB. want her to C. want herD. her want to
Key:1.D 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.B