在日照,因其東方橋頭堡的位置和臨海港口的優(yōu)勢,近幾年興起了一項(xiàng)頗具日照特色的經(jīng)濟(jì)——臨海產(chǎn)業(yè),并逐漸成長為日照市的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。如今,隨著山東省“魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,日照市臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)逐漸向縱深發(fā)展,魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)新高地快速成長。
2008年的全國“兩會”上,一份由全國人大代表、日照市委書記楊軍聯(lián)合山東30多位代表向 “兩會”提交的《關(guān)于申請將魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)列入國家綜合配套改革試點(diǎn)》的建議,受到了與會代表的廣泛關(guān)注。
這份建議的背景在于:作為山東省“一體兩翼”區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略格局中的南翼,魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶雖地處東部沿海,但目前經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)。日照作為新亞歐大陸橋東方橋頭堡、魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和中國中西部沿橋地區(qū)的出???,經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模偏小,開放層次偏低,服務(wù)功能偏弱,對區(qū)域發(fā)展的輻射帶動力不強(qiáng)。建設(shè)魯南臨海經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū),有利于盡快改變沿海欠發(fā)達(dá)面貌,促進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
2008年上半年,《魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃》經(jīng)山東省政府通過,隨即進(jìn)入落實(shí)執(zhí)行階段。新“規(guī)劃”將魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶定位為山東省重點(diǎn)開發(fā)區(qū)域,提出按照“一帶、三區(qū)、六大產(chǎn)業(yè)基地”的總框架,建設(shè)日照、臨沂、棗莊、濟(jì)寧、菏澤5市。
在《魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃》中,提出以日照市為核心規(guī)劃建設(shè)魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū),將其作為魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶開發(fā)的重要載體,通過建立合理的利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,打破行政區(qū)劃限制,實(shí)行產(chǎn)業(yè)集中布局、聯(lián)合共同開發(fā),著力構(gòu)筑臨港產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。規(guī)劃中的魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)覆蓋東港區(qū)、嵐山區(qū)和日照經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū),規(guī)劃面積1915平方公里。
“魯南的發(fā)展已經(jīng)不僅是本區(qū)域的單一需要,也是山東經(jīng)濟(jì)大格局的戰(zhàn)略安排?!鄙綎|省發(fā)改委有關(guān)專家認(rèn)為,魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶正處于工業(yè)化加速發(fā)展階段,其廣闊的市場、富集的資源、豐富的勞動力和成本較低的優(yōu)勢,能夠在更大規(guī)模和更高層次上承接先進(jìn)技術(shù)、資本和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,開發(fā)潛力和發(fā)展后勁極大。山東省把魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶作為一個(gè)整體予以扶持發(fā)展,正迎合了魯南地區(qū)集聚發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。
作為山東的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展區(qū)域,魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)期待有一個(gè)更為開放和優(yōu)惠的發(fā)展環(huán)境。2008年4月,山東省將“魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)”列入國家綜合配套改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)的申請文件送到了國家發(fā)改委。9月,魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)首先成功入圍了省級綜合配套改革試點(diǎn)。
據(jù)了解,規(guī)劃中的魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)以日照經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)上海路為北軸,以嵐山區(qū)虎山疏港大道為南軸,以204國道和同三高速公路為干線,覆蓋嵐山區(qū)和日照經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)全部以及東港區(qū)部分地域,規(guī)劃面積800平方公里左右。
盡管各綜合配套改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)探求的發(fā)展重點(diǎn)不同,但其享受的優(yōu)惠政策是各省市趨之若鶩申請加入的主要?jiǎng)右?。“通常的看法是,現(xiàn)在這個(gè)綜合配套改革實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)類似于20年前的經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū),誰要是獲得了這個(gè)資格,在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方面就可以掌握主動。有了這個(gè)資格,中央將下放很多權(quán)力給地方,特別是在土地、金融、稅收等領(lǐng)域給予更大更多的自主權(quán)和靈活性,對地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展會有幫助?!鄙綎|區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)研究院院長張志遠(yuǎn)說。
山東省在申請中表示,力圖通過綜合配套改革試驗(yàn),推進(jìn)體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新,探索新的區(qū)域發(fā)展模式,發(fā)揮試驗(yàn)示范作用。改革試驗(yàn)的主要內(nèi)容包括:建立資源節(jié)約型與環(huán)境友好型社會,推進(jìn)新型工業(yè)化,建立循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式,發(fā)展現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè),構(gòu)建區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化發(fā)展模式,并著重深化企業(yè)、金融、土地、科技、涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、行政管理體制等方面的改革。
這是一條沿海后發(fā)展地區(qū)科學(xué)的發(fā)展之路。日照具備沿海的優(yōu)勢,發(fā)揮這個(gè)區(qū)域比較優(yōu)勢,可以加快本區(qū)開發(fā)開放步伐,提升經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合競爭力。不僅如此,“魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)”還有利于輻射帶動魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶及中國中西部沿橋地帶乃至整個(gè)新亞歐大陸橋沿橋地區(qū),推動區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
日照市作為“新亞歐大陸橋”和“魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”的直接出???,其優(yōu)勢和地位決定了魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)的功能定位是:依托日照橋頭堡,承接日韓美產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移和中日韓貿(mào)易物流合作,以建立資源節(jié)約型與環(huán)境友好型社會為基本方向,服務(wù)魯南經(jīng)濟(jì)帶及中國中西部沿橋地帶并輻射整個(gè)新亞歐大陸橋沿橋地區(qū)。
一位參與申請的山東官員認(rèn)為,作為發(fā)展?jié)摿艽蟮难睾:蟀l(fā)展地區(qū),魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)在中國區(qū)域發(fā)展中其實(shí)具有很強(qiáng)的代表性和典型性。魯南臨海產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)的“綜改區(qū)”試驗(yàn),“對日照和魯南,乃至山東省來說,都是一個(gè)絕對的發(fā)展良機(jī)”。
Conception of “Special Zone” of South Shandong
Nowadays, the regional economy has improved continuously and the market competition has become increasinglyfierce, so the development of individual cities has no longer any advantages. Shandong Province regards South Shandong Economic Belt as a whole in supporting its development. The five cities of South Shandong will develop as a whole in order to integrate their productivity rapidly, dispense with dislocation competition, and avoid the internal consumption of resources.
In the first half of 2008, the Government of Shandong put forward its Regional Development Plan for the South Shandong Economic Belt. The new “Plan” positioned South Shandong Economic Belt as the key development region of Shandong and decided to treat Rizhao, Linyi, Zaozhuang, Jining, and Heze according to the overall framework of “One belt, three districts, and six industrial bases”.
South Shandong Economic Belt pays great attention to creating “six industrial bases”. It will make great efforts to develop the recycling economy and cultural tourism and commercial and trade industry. In 2010, the regional GDP will hit 790 billion yuan and the GDP per capita will exceed 3,000 US dollars. The urbannization rate will reach 43 percent.
In April 2008, the application files for listing the “South Shandong Coastal Industrial Area” and the “Yellow River Delta Efficient Ecological Economic Area” among the national comprehensive coordinated reforms test areas were sent to National Development and Reform Commission.
Shandong indicated in the application that it would promote innovations in system and mechanisms and explore a new regional development mode through comprehensive coordinated reforms. The main content of the reform is: Establishing an economic and environment-friendly society, promoting new-type industrialization, establishing the recycling economy development mode, developing modern service industry, creating a regional economic integration development mode, and deepening the reforms of enterprises, finance, land, science and technology, the foreign-related economic system and the administrative system.