\"YOU can breathe now sir.\"
“先生,現(xiàn)在你可以呼吸了?!?/p>
I looked out from the small booth, feeling ridiculous with a plastic mask strapped to my face, while lobby guests watched surreptitiously.
當(dāng)前廳的客人們暗暗四處觀察時(shí),我從狹小的房間向外看去,戴在臉上的塑料面具讓我覺(jué)得可笑。
Getting a five minute shot of pure oxygen from the concierge followed by a steaming cup of tea made from leaves of the infamous coca plant is not the ordinary routine for hotel guests coming down for breakfast – but then Peru's ancient Incan capital of Cusco, one of the world's highest cities at over 11 000 ft above sea level, is hardly an ordinary place.
在喝完一杯用劣質(zhì)可可植物的葉子炮制的熱茶后,我快速呼吸著看門(mén)人帶來(lái)的五分鐘新鮮氧氣,這可不是旅館客人下來(lái)吃早餐的常規(guī)——但作為世界上高于海平面1萬(wàn)1千英尺的城市之一,秘魯古老的印加首都庫(kù)斯科絕對(duì)非比尋常。
Cusco means navel, for the ancients felt the city was the navel of the world. It nestles high in the Andes, and can require some adjustment to the thin mountain air. Built of stone, Cusco is designed in the shape of a Puma – the symbol of divinity worshipped by the Incas. A walk through the narrow cobblestone streets reveals evenly spaced shops at street level only. The first floor of each building is used as living quarters and adorned with intricately carved wooden balconies, used in the past as windows before the introduction of glass. The blue and green buildings are in the dramatic Spanish style architecture known as Cusco Baroque. Colonial churches, mansions built on Inca foundations, spacious plazas - here you can breathe in 600 years of history - but breathe slowly, there's that high altitude to remember. It's not a hectic city, but meanders at its own place; with only 350,000 people, Cusco is largely dependent on tourism for survival.
庫(kù)斯科的意思是肚臍,因?yàn)楣湃藗冋J(rèn)為這個(gè)城市是世界的中心。它高高地依偎在安第斯山的懷抱中,游客們需要稍作調(diào)整來(lái)適應(yīng)高山稀薄的空氣。庫(kù)斯科整個(gè)城市是用石頭建筑并設(shè)計(jì)成美洲獅的形狀——印加人的宗教崇拜圖騰。走在狹窄的石子路上,道路邊都是同樣規(guī)格的小店。每一棟建筑物的第一層都是起居室,還有精細(xì)的木刻露臺(tái),在玻璃引進(jìn)之前它就相當(dāng)于窗戶(hù)。這些藍(lán)綠相間、醒目的西班牙式建筑就是著名的庫(kù)斯科巴洛克風(fēng)格。殖民地時(shí)期的教堂、印加基礎(chǔ)上建立的公館、寬闊的廣場(chǎng)——在這里你可以在600年的歷史中盡情“呼吸”——但記得要慢一點(diǎn),別忘了這里的高海拔。庫(kù)斯科不是個(gè)喧囂繁忙的城市,但卻有著自己的節(jié)奏;這里只有35萬(wàn)居民,是個(gè)完全依賴(lài)旅游業(yè)而生存的國(guó)家。
The city is also a springboard for the \"Sacred Valley\" to the south, which grows much of the five thousand types of potato, and hundred types of corn, found in the country. I headed out there, stopping over in a small village chiciaria (bar) in Pisca, where a red plastic packet on the end of a stick advertises \"Bar's\". I ordered a pint of Peru's finest corn beer, called chicia, and joined in the local pub game known as Sapos (frogs). It involves trying to throw coins into the mouth of metal frog from 15 meters. I soon got the hang of it and was on the verge of achieving sapo fame, when one of the players, named Paolo, suggested I try the local meal of the house. Never one to be shy, I agreed.
從這個(gè)城市可以直接通往南部的“神圣峽谷”,那里的鄉(xiāng)村中種植著五千多種馬鈴薯、上百種玉米。我到了那邊并在皮斯卡的一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村酒吧里逗留,在那里如果有房子上掛著一個(gè)根綁有紅塑料皮的棍子就表明是酒吧。我點(diǎn)了一品脫秘魯叫做chicia的最上等的玉米啤酒,還參與了當(dāng)?shù)亟凶鯯apos(青蛙)的酒館游戲。規(guī)則是要在15米遠(yuǎn)的距離向一只鐵青蛙的嘴里扔硬幣。我迅速掌握了竅門(mén),要不是一個(gè)名叫帕奧羅的選手提議我去試試當(dāng)?shù)氐募页o?,我差一點(diǎn)就成為Sapos之王了。我很想去嘗試一下當(dāng)?shù)氐募页o?,所以就同意了他的提議。
In minutes I was confronted with a platter loaded with what looked like a small roasted animal, with a red pepper in its mouth and surrounded by corn and potatoes.
幾分鐘之內(nèi)我面前就擺上了一個(gè)大淺盤(pán),里面裝著一只看起來(lái)像烤制的小動(dòng)物的東西,嘴巴里塞了個(gè)紅辣椒,旁邊圍著一圈玉米和土豆。
\"What is that?\" I asked.
“這是什么?”我問(wèn)道。
\"It is cuy, a delicacy in Peru,\" my new best friend said.
“這是cuy,秘魯?shù)拿朗场!蔽倚陆Y(jié)識(shí)的好朋友告訴我說(shuō)。
Cuy turned out to a guinea pig, quite delicious and farmed right on the premises. I was shown a cage behind the bar holdings hundreds of cuy, all blissfully unaware of the pot they were destined for.
Cuy原來(lái)是豚鼠,非常美味,就在房子里飼養(yǎng)。他們帶我去看了酒吧后面裝著上百個(gè)豚鼠的籠子,所有的豚鼠都一副無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮幸福的樣子,完全無(wú)視他們命定的葬身之鍋。
To digest my cuy-filled stomach I headed to the local craft market. My new friend Paolo insisted I try a glass of Chicia Morada, a drink made from purple corn, pineapple skins and spice – delicious and non-alcoholic. Paolo had a Pisco Sour, Peru's national drink, made from fermented grape juice, egg white, lemon juice and spices.
為了消化一下滿(mǎn)是豚鼠肉的胃,我前往當(dāng)?shù)氐氖止に囀袌?chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。我的新朋友帕奧羅堅(jiān)持要我嘗嘗一杯用紫玉米、菠蘿皮還有香料做成的Chicia Morada——不含酒精的美味飲料。帕奧羅要的是秘魯?shù)膰?guó)酒皮斯科酸,它是用發(fā)酵的葡萄汁加上蛋白、檸檬汁還有香料混合而成。
At each stall vendors would shout out \"Welcome caballero! Welcome sir!\" I bought a chess set made of tin after being made an offer I couldn't refuse and dazzled by the white teeth of the voluptuous vendor.
每一個(gè)小攤販都在吆喝“歡迎你,紳士!歡迎你,先生”!在撩人的小販們那白晃晃的牙齒將我弄得頭暈?zāi)垦2⑻岢隽艘粋€(gè)讓我無(wú)法拒絕的價(jià)格后,我買(mǎi)了一副錫制的國(guó)際象棋。
Everywhere was the music from a hundred pan-pipes, Peru's musical instrument of choice. I wondered if the pipe sounds were haunting, or if I would be forever haunted by them.
秘魯特質(zhì)的樂(lè)器——排簫的聲音在四處飄蕩。我開(kāi)始懷疑究竟是排簫聲本就撩人心弦,還是我不斷地被它擾亂了心神。
In between shopping and sipping my Morada I was continuously harassed by Andean Indian women, dressed in traditional red costume and all manner of hats, clutching young woolly Alpacas and wanting to pose for photographs.
在一邊四處閑逛一邊細(xì)細(xì)品嘗我的Morada時(shí),我不停地被那些安第斯印加女人騷擾,她們大多身著傳統(tǒng)紅色服飾,戴著形式各異的帽子,手牽傻乎乎的小羊駝,等著擺姿勢(shì)照相。
Having finally succumbed to a photo, I was then harassed, threatened and finally chased through the market by the woman demanding money.
我最終屈服拍了一張,結(jié)果就被討錢(qián)的女人騷擾、恐嚇,最后還追著我在整個(gè)集市亂竄。
I found Paolo and asked him what was going on. The woman waved her finger in my face and screamed in Quechua dialect Spanish. Whatever she was saying was not complimentary and she seemed to be casting some sort of curse on me.
我找到帕奧羅問(wèn)他這是怎么一回事。這個(gè)女人對(duì)著我的臉張牙舞爪,用西班牙方言蓋丘亞語(yǔ)沖著我尖叫。知道她說(shuō)的不是什么贊美的話(huà),看起來(lái)好像是在詛咒我什么。
\"You need to pay her if you pose with her,\" said Paulo.
“如果你和她照相了你就要付錢(qián)?!迸翃W羅說(shuō)。
I quickly handed over some notes as my attacker's friends joined her to offer assistance.
在攻擊我的那個(gè)婦女找來(lái)幫手時(shí)我迅速拿出一些錢(qián)遞給她。
Paolo said something to the women and they left, murmuring to themselves, clutching their Alpacas.
帕奧羅和那個(gè)女人說(shuō)了什么之后她們就離開(kāi)了,還一邊緊緊牽著她們的羊駝一邊低聲抱怨。
It is easy to confuse the two most well known animals in Peru. I was told that the difference between Llama's and Alpacas is that the Llama has smooth hair and is about as large as a small camel, while the Alpaca has thick wool like a sheep and is the size of a donkey. These animals are seen all over the country and roam freely.
秘魯?shù)膬煞N知名動(dòng)物很容易被弄混。別人告訴我說(shuō)美洲駝和羊駝的不同在于:美洲駝?dòng)泄饣钠っ?、體型和小駱駝差不多,而羊駝的皮毛像羊毛一樣厚實(shí)、體型和驢差不多。這些動(dòng)物在這個(gè)國(guó)家隨處可見(jiàn),并且可以隨意走動(dòng)。
Paola said the Alpaca also makes very tasty ham, while its hair was used for everything from blankets to trendy garments. A virtual walking goldmine.
帕奧羅說(shuō)羊駝肉可以做成美味的火腿,毛發(fā)可以加工成很多東西,從毛毯到時(shí)裝,無(wú)所不能。真是一個(gè)活寶藏啊。
The day was closing and it was time to move on. Paolo had agreed to travel with me to Machu Picchu, the reason I had come to Peru, and we headed for the station and from the small town of Ollantaytambo, a living Inca fortress. The adjacent and higher mountain, Huayna Picchu (young peak) is a 1frac12;-hour hike up and offers a magnificent view of the entire valley and the twisting, rumbling Urubamba River.
離開(kāi)的時(shí)候到了,是時(shí)候繼續(xù)出發(fā)。帕奧羅答應(yīng)和我一起去馬丘比丘,這也是我來(lái)秘魯?shù)脑?,于是我們一起從歐巖特坦波(依舊健在的印加堡壘)的小鎮(zhèn)出發(fā)去車(chē)站?;艘粋€(gè)半小時(shí)我們登上了臨近的高山瓦伊那比丘(年輕的山峰),這里可以看見(jiàn)整個(gè)壯麗的山谷,還有蜿蜒、汩汩的烏魯班巴河。
The short bumpy train trip from Ollantaytambo station drops to 8000 feet, followed by a stomach churning bus ride up to the citadel.
從歐巖特坦波車(chē)站開(kāi)始的短暫而顛簸的火車(chē)之旅垂直落差達(dá)到8000英尺,緊接著就是乘坐讓人惡心的大巴前往堡壘。
Machu Picchu - \"The Lost City of the Incas\" was kept hidden from the Spanish conquistadors for centuries and only rediscovered in 1911 by explorer Hiram Bingham. Designed in the shape of the sacred Condor bird it is without doubt the greatest legacy of the Incan dynasty and busiest tourist attraction in South America.
馬丘比丘——數(shù)世紀(jì)以來(lái)西班牙侵略者都無(wú)法找到這座“失落的印加城市”,直到1911年才被探險(xiǎn)家海勒姆#8226;賓厄姆發(fā)現(xiàn)。整個(gè)城市被設(shè)計(jì)成神圣的海鷹圖案,這無(wú)疑是印加王朝最偉大的遺產(chǎn),也是南美洲最繁忙的旅游景點(diǎn)。
Paolo said the locals believe Machu Picchu was a secret, ceremonial, self-contained city. Apart from the architectural and aesthetic genius of the stonework, the most remarkable fact is that the city's plazas, steps, altars, rooms, agricultural terraces and water systems are completely intact. It is also the end of the famous Inca Trail, which enters the city through the Sun Gate.
帕奧羅說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)厝苏J(rèn)為馬丘比丘是一座神秘、神圣、沉默的城市。除了石藝建筑的巧奪天工和美輪美奐,最讓人驚異的就是城市的廣場(chǎng)、石階、祭壇、房間、梯田、水利系統(tǒng)都完好無(wú)缺。這里也是從太陽(yáng)門(mén)進(jìn)入這座城市的印加古道之旅的盡頭。
I tried to find a quiet place and take in the impact of this eighth wonder of the world. It seems here as if the work of man and nature fuses into one, echoing the Incan concept of duality. The only problem was, as in most world heritage sites around the world, that the throngs of people wrecked the peace and calm. Constant droves have turned this spiritual haven into a circus. Even the llamas trying to eat grass and mind their own business seemed irritated by the volumes of tourists.
我試圖找一個(gè)安靜的地方來(lái)慢慢領(lǐng)會(huì)這世界第八大奇跡帶來(lái)的沖擊。但看起來(lái)這里的人為藝術(shù)已經(jīng)和自然融為一體,這與印加文明中的二元概念互相輝映。唯一的問(wèn)題就是,和世界上所有文化遺址一樣,熙熙攘攘的人群破壞了這里的和平與安寧。始終如一的人潮將這個(gè)精神的天堂變成了馬戲團(tuán)。盡管美洲駝們努力專(zhuān)心吃草、不問(wèn)世事,但似乎還是被絡(luò)繹不絕的游客給驚擾了。
Chatting later to an Australian visitor, she told me that to experience the full impact of Machu Picchu you need to visit before dawn and watch as the clouds draping the ruins burn off magically with the sun's rays, exposing the tropical jungle vegetation and glistening stonework. Unfortunately I needed to move on the next day and couldn't take her advice.
接著我和一個(gè)澳大利亞游客聊天,她告訴我,要想充分感受馬丘比丘的震撼力就需要在黎明拂曉前,當(dāng)遮住廢墟的云霞如魔法般被日出的光芒所燃燒融化,熱帶叢林的植物和閃耀的石雕在光芒中袒露無(wú)疑,這是最佳的游覽觀賞時(shí)期。不幸的是第二天我要繼續(xù)上路,不能夠采納她的建議。
As travelers the world have said many times, \"call something paradise and kiss it goodbye.\"
如同世界旅者經(jīng)常說(shuō)的那樣:“稱(chēng)呼某處為天堂,然后和它吻別?!?/p>
Back in Lima, known as the City of Kings, the tropical jungle of the Sacred Valley and madness of Machu Picchu gave way to a very gray, very dry face. Peru's capital gets a mere 3mm of annual rainfall, or as locals say: \"less than a tear, a year. \"
回到號(hào)稱(chēng)“城市之王”的利馬,“神圣峽谷”的熱帶叢林以及馬丘比丘的瘋狂都在灰暗、干燥的面容前黯然失色。秘魯?shù)氖锥寄杲邓恐挥?毫米,或者正如當(dāng)?shù)厝怂f(shuō):“一年都不如一滴淚。”
I had said goodbye to Paolo and went exploring the city of over 9 million people. It dates back to 1535 and endured a three hundred year reign as the seat of Spain's New World Empire. Today much of the city sits on ancient Incan temples, sprawling untidily down to the pebble beaches of the brooding Pacific Ocean.
我和帕奧羅告別,繼續(xù)探尋這個(gè)擁有900多萬(wàn)人口的城市。利馬的歷史可以追溯到1535年,之后它經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)達(dá)300年的西班牙新大陸帝國(guó)的統(tǒng)治時(shí)期。如今很多城市都建立在古印加的廟宇之上,甚至雜亂地蔓延到沉默的、滿(mǎn)是鵝卵石的太平洋海灘。
I spent an afternoon meandering through the ornate cathedrals and monasteries, one, the Santo Domingo Monastery, so large it covered more than two city blocks!
我一下午都徜徉在裝飾華麗的教堂和修道院中,其中圣多明格修道院規(guī)模如此宏大,覆蓋了兩個(gè)街區(qū),甚至更大。
One very noticeable thing about Lima is its lack of color. While having coffee downtown, I asked the waiter about this.
利馬最明顯的一個(gè)特色就是這個(gè)城市色彩的缺失。當(dāng)我在鬧區(qū)里喝咖啡時(shí),我向服務(wù)員問(wèn)起原因。
He told me advertising color here is prohibited. That means it's probably the one and only time you're likely to see famous fast food outlets like Pizza Hut and KFC signs in black.
他告訴我在這里廣告色是完全禁止的。就是說(shuō)很有可能你在這里唯一看見(jiàn)的著名快餐店像必勝客和肯德基的標(biāo)牌都是暗淡無(wú)色彩的。
The waiter also mentioned that no cars are allowed in the city CBD, apart from public transport. It's great for pedestrians.
服務(wù)員還告訴我除了公共交通工具,城市商業(yè)中心不允許有任何車(chē)輛。對(duì)步行者來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有比這更好的了。
I had lunch on the verandah of the Hacienda Mamacona horse ranch outside the city and watched Peru's top horsemen put sepia thoroughbreds through their paces. It doesn't get more colonial than this.
我在城市外的馬場(chǎng)——馬馬科納莊園的陽(yáng)臺(tái)享用了午餐,觀看了秘魯頂尖的馴馬師如何訓(xùn)練烏黑的純種馬。這是赤裸裸的殖民主義。
My host there, Anna, was descended from 17 successive generations of Aliagas, who had owned the Casa-Solar De Aliaga, the colonial mansion built in 1535 by Conquistador Don Jeronimo De Aliaga, co-founder of Lima.
我在這里的東道主安娜是擁有Casa-Solar De Aliaga的Aliagas家族的第17代世襲者。這座殖民主義大廈是在1535年由利馬的建造者之一Don Jeronimo De Aliaga所建立。
She told me it was something not to miss and arranged for her sister to take me there after the lunch. Casa-Solar De Aliaga is concealed behind a set of intimidating medieval doors, in the heart of the bustling historical city center and is the last word in colonial interior decorated splendor. Now centuries later, the ancestral mansion, jewel of colonial Lima is the oldest private household in continuous use in the Western Hemisphere.
她告訴我她有重要的事不能缺席所以她安排了妹妹在午餐后帶我去那看看。Casa-Solar De Aliaga位于這座忙亂的歷史城市中心,隱藏在一扇扇陰森的、中世紀(jì)風(fēng)格的大門(mén)之后,內(nèi)部是華麗的殖民主義裝飾風(fēng)格。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)后的今天,這棟祖?zhèn)鞯拇髲B——殖民城市利馬的瑰寶,是西半球至今仍在使用的最古老的私人住宅。
Inside it is a movie set of memories. \"No pictures!\" I was told as I tried to lift my camera. Anna's sister told me not to worry, that images of the mind were far more important. I agreed they are, but that doesn't help when you're trying to show others.
置身其中仿佛身處于記憶中的電影場(chǎng)景。當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備拿起照相機(jī)時(shí)他們告訴我“禁止拍照”。安娜的妹妹安慰我不用著急,腦海中的畫(huà)面更重要。我同意他們的話(huà),但是當(dāng)我想秀給別人看時(shí)就完全不起作用了。
Peru leaves many images and sounds. Llamas, panpipes, scurrying guinea pigs and jaw-dropping architecture. It's a step back into history – perhaps deserving the title of the world's largest open-air museum. You'll meet some nice people there too, and that's probably the best memory of all.
秘魯留給我很多美好的畫(huà)面和感覺(jué)。美洲駝、排簫、豚鼠還有的建筑。這是回到歷史的臺(tái)階——完全配得上世界最大的戶(hù)外博物館的名號(hào)。你在那也可以遇見(jiàn)很多非常好的朋友,可能這也是最美好的記憶。
Notes
1. plastic mask
意為“塑料面具”。在文中指的是就是氧氣面罩。因?yàn)閹?kù)斯科的海拔高,空氣稀薄,所以大多地方都會(huì)提供“氧氣”服務(wù)。
2. a shot of
Shot有多種意思:“迅速提出問(wèn)題、 快速通過(guò)、急速派遣;(快速)伸出(舌頭等)、揮出(拳頭)、傾卸(垃圾)、揮霍(金錢(qián))、(足球)射門(mén)、投籃、擲(骰子)、 給……注射、長(zhǎng)出新芽”……一般要根據(jù)上下午來(lái)選取最恰當(dāng)?shù)尼屃x。在文中指的是“快速的一小口”。
例句:I had a shot of penicillin.
我打了一針青霉素。
3. living quarters
Quarter是“地區(qū)、街區(qū)”的意思,該詞組意為“住宅、居民居住區(qū)”。
例句:His living quarters were two small rooms on the second floor of the building .
他的住處是那棟大樓上的位于二層的兩個(gè)小房間。
4. get the hang of
常用為get the hang of something,意為“熟悉某物的用法、掌握做某事的竅門(mén)、理解某事、摸清概況”。在文中是指作者迅速掌握了游戲的訣竅。而get into the hang of是“習(xí)慣”的意思,get out of the hang of表示“忘記”。
例句:You should get the hang of learning English pretty fast.
你應(yīng)該掌握學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的訣竅。
5. on the verge of
Verge意為“邊緣、界限”。該詞組就可以解釋為“到了……的邊緣、接近于、瀕臨、將要”。
例句:He is on the verge of 30.
他馬上30歲了。
There are still a great number of people who are on the verge of poverty.
現(xiàn)在還有很多人在貧困的邊緣上掙扎。
6. Never one to be shy
這句話(huà)是作者對(duì)自己的調(diào)侃,認(rèn)為自己從來(lái)都不是個(gè)害羞的人,很想去嘗嘗當(dāng)?shù)氐牟穗?,所以他同意了朋友的建議。
7. succumb to
相當(dāng)于yield to。意為“屈服于……”
例句:Young people easily succumb to the enticements of advertisements.
年輕人禁不住廣告的誘惑。
8. note
Note有很多意思,我們常見(jiàn)的有“筆記、摘記、短信等”,在文中指的是“紙幣”。
例句:Here is a 5 dollar note for you.
給你一張5美元的鈔票。
9. hike up
Hike在這里是“徒步旅行”,up意為“上升”,組合在一起就是“向上移、向上升提高、上漲、飄起”。在文中指的是步行爬山。
例句:All the stores will hike up the price of luxury goods.
現(xiàn)在所有的商店都大幅度地提高奢侈品的價(jià)格。
10. mind one's own business
意為“少管閑事”。相當(dāng)于中國(guó)的那句古話(huà)“各人自?huà)唛T(mén)前雪,莫管他人瓦上霜”。
例句:Mind your own business and don't poke your nose into others’ business.
管好你自己的事,別管他人的閑事。
11. burn off
意為“燒掉、蒸發(fā)、燃盡”, 但它和burn up有區(qū)別,burn off 意為burn something from something else that it's covering。在文中指的是云朵被陽(yáng)光所融化。
例句:I'm going to burn off some fat by doing exercise.
我準(zhǔn)備通過(guò)鍛煉來(lái)燃燒脂肪。
12. give way to
意為“給……讓路、被……代替、讓位于”。
例句:We mustn't give way to these impudent demands.
我們對(duì)這些蠻橫的要求不能讓步。
You should always give way to pedestrians at a zebra crossing.
在斑馬線(xiàn)上你必須給行人讓路。
13. one and only
意為“唯一的、獨(dú)一無(wú)二的”。
14. the last word
意為“最后決定權(quán)、決定性的說(shuō)明、定論;最新成就、最新品種”。在文中用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)Casa-Solar De Aliaga的杰出和宏偉。
例句:We can all make suggestions, but the manager has the last word.
我們誰(shuí)都可以提建議, 但經(jīng)理最后說(shuō)了算.
This design is considered the last word in elegance.
這種設(shè)計(jì)被推崇為最高雅的款式。
Tips
Best Time For Travelling
最佳旅游時(shí)間
秘魯全境從西向東分為熱帶沙漠、高原和熱帶雨林氣候。年平均氣溫西部12~32℃,中部1~14℃,東部24~35℃。4月及8到10月最宜旅游。圣誕節(jié)前后兩周及復(fù)活節(jié)前后一周不宜。1到3月多休假。6月、7月、獨(dú)立紀(jì)念日、11月期間,旅館都會(huì)客滿(mǎn),要事先訂房。
Luggage
旅行裝備
裝備包括一個(gè)背包、堅(jiān)實(shí)的遠(yuǎn)足靴、睡袋、保暖護(hù)墊、帳篷和遠(yuǎn)行用的暖爐。尤其像在烏阿拉斯和庫(kù)斯科這樣的城市里,這些東西可以在標(biāo)明為冒險(xiǎn)性旅行的旅行社處租到。其價(jià)格往往很低,但質(zhì)量就不一定經(jīng)得住考驗(yàn),所以出發(fā)前務(wù)必仔細(xì)檢查一下。一般來(lái)說(shuō),外出旅行夜間比較寒冷而白天安第斯山那邊的太陽(yáng)又會(huì)曬得厲害,因而手邊最好準(zhǔn)備一頂遮陽(yáng)帽。
Altitude Sickness
高原反應(yīng)
秘魯有部分景點(diǎn)的海拔在3400米以上,如庫(kù)斯科古城和馬丘比丘等。在低海拔地區(qū)生活的人到那里容易產(chǎn)生頭痛和呼吸急促等高原反應(yīng)。因此,游客在游玩過(guò)程中要盡量避免劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng),保證睡眠充足,不宜飲酒,不宜吃得過(guò)飽。 一般情況下,當(dāng)?shù)芈灭^會(huì)免費(fèi)向游客提供古柯茶,這是一種用古柯葉泡制的茶水,能有效減輕初上高原所產(chǎn)生的不適反應(yīng)。
Protect from Sunburn
防曬
馬丘比丘等高原地區(qū)紫外線(xiàn)照射強(qiáng)烈,游客最好戴上墨鏡、遮陽(yáng)帽,并隨身攜帶防曬指數(shù)較高的防曬油。防曬必備用品都防曬霜(sunscreen)和防曬油(sunblock)。在防曬護(hù)膚品的瓶子上都有一個(gè)SPF的標(biāo)識(shí),它是Sun Protection Factor的縮寫(xiě),意思就是防曬指數(shù)。SPF值越高,防曬時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)。防曬SPF值×15=防曬的時(shí)間(分鐘);如果你要旅游,可以使用SPF20左右的防曬品。在高原烈日下活動(dòng)或去海灘游泳,則至少要用SPF30的防曬品。記得防曬霜要在出門(mén)前30分鐘涂哦!太強(qiáng)的陽(yáng)光對(duì)眼睛也會(huì)造成傷害。所以你還應(yīng)該給自己配上一副太陽(yáng)鏡(sunglasses)。此外,一頂帽子或是一把遮陽(yáng)傘(sunshade)也可以幫你擋住熱辣的陽(yáng)光。
Weather
氣候
秘魯位于南半球,每年的12月到次年的3月是庫(kù)斯科地區(qū)的雨季,晝夜溫差大,夜間氣溫可降到10攝氏度以下,游客需配備雨具和厚外套等。
Notes
小費(fèi)
當(dāng)?shù)赜懈缎≠M(fèi)的習(xí)慣,一般付給搬運(yùn)行李的服務(wù)生2至3美元即可。所以當(dāng)服務(wù)員為你提供完服務(wù)之后還微笑著看著你的時(shí)候,千萬(wàn)不要一臉無(wú)辜地回看別人。
Links
1. Peru
秘魯共和國(guó)簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)秘魯。在殖民主義者入侵前,秘魯是印加帝國(guó)所在地,意為“太陽(yáng)的子孫”。16世紀(jì),西班牙殖民者從巴拿馬地峽來(lái)到這里,稱(chēng)此地為秘魯。其含義有三:一說(shuō)為玉米之倉(cāng)之意,二說(shuō)為河之意,三說(shuō)為一個(gè)酋長(zhǎng)之名。
Custom
習(xí)俗
秘魯人崇拜太陽(yáng)神,每年冬至日要舉行祭祀活動(dòng),尤以庫(kù)斯科的祭典規(guī)模最大,人們?cè)陬^戴假發(fā)和面具的男主祭人主持下,一連三天,膜拜初升的太陽(yáng),并和著民間樂(lè)曲跳太陽(yáng)舞,以示對(duì)太陽(yáng)神的祈禱。
秘魯坎姆巴族人有一種聚飲會(huì)的交際習(xí)俗。會(huì)前,男主人用“阿肖特”(一種顏料)涂面,并備好樂(lè)器、酒具及用來(lái)與煙草一起咀嚼的石灰。聚飲會(huì)用的“馬沙托”木薯酒是前三四天就已著手制成的。客人到后,主人家中的男子依次圍繞客人走一圈,以示歡迎。然后再把盛有“馬沙托”酒的葫蘆或竹筒奉獻(xiàn)給客人,賓主立即開(kāi)懷痛飲,一醉方休。
秘魯人具有拉丁民族的特征,熱情、好客,聽(tīng)話(huà)最好打些折扣,不能盡信,常不守時(shí),總習(xí)慣遲到半小時(shí)左右。他們認(rèn)為這是自己的禮節(jié)風(fēng)度。
秘魯女子除在官方場(chǎng)合穿禮服外,平時(shí)習(xí)慣身披大披肩,寬大通風(fēng),穿起來(lái)別有風(fēng)姿。這種披肩白天當(dāng)衣服,晚上又可以當(dāng)被子。
秘魯?shù)膴W列宗人都喜歡在耳垂上嵌一個(gè)木盤(pán);起初為小盤(pán),隨年齡的增長(zhǎng),逐漸換大盤(pán),以至把耳垂都拉得很長(zhǎng),有的甚至兩耳垂肩,故稱(chēng)大耳人。在該部族,大耳不僅是美的標(biāo)志,也是智慧的象征。
秘魯人對(duì)紫色倍加贊賞。在每年十月份舉行的宗教活動(dòng)中,人們廣泛使用紫色,認(rèn)為紫色預(yù)示著幸運(yùn)的到來(lái)。他們偏愛(ài)向日葵。因?yàn)樗敲佤數(shù)南笳?,人們喻其為?guó)花,還稱(chēng)其為印加魔花、太陽(yáng)花。他們非常喜歡貓頭鷹,認(rèn)為這是一種益鳥(niǎo),會(huì)給人類(lèi)造福,并認(rèn)為它是智慧和力量的象征。
秘魯人在社交場(chǎng)合與客人相見(jiàn)和告別時(shí),都慣以握手為禮。男朋友之間相見(jiàn),一般慣施擁抱禮,并互相拍肩拍背。秘魯婦女之間相見(jiàn)習(xí)慣施親吻禮(親吻對(duì)方的面頰),嘴里都不停地發(fā)出表示友好的嘖嘖聲或說(shuō)問(wèn)候的話(huà)。
秘魯居民中絕大多數(shù)人信奉天主教。秘魯基巴羅族人視巫師如神明,并對(duì)其異常崇敬。秘魯人特別忌諱死亡這個(gè)字眼,若以死亡來(lái)詛咒他人,必定會(huì)引起一場(chǎng)大歐斗。
秘魯?shù)挠〖佑〉诎踩?,在每?月舉行定期驅(qū)魔節(jié)日。因9月是雨季。瘟疫易于流行。為了驅(qū)除病魔,秋分后月圓的第一天,所有的人要禁食。晚上各家聚會(huì),烤制一種摻有小孩鮮血的玉米餅。人們?cè)谙丛≈?,用這種面餅擦頭、臉、胸、肩、腿,認(rèn)為這樣可以消除病痛。然后用這種面餅再擦門(mén)檻,證明全家都已齋戒凈身。
秘魯人忌諱13和星期五。認(rèn)為這都是不吉利的數(shù)字和日期,遇其必將會(huì)大難臨頭。他們忌諱烏鴉。認(rèn)為烏鴉是一種不祥之鳥(niǎo),給人以厄運(yùn)和災(zāi)難的印象。他們忌諱以刀劍為禮品。認(rèn)為送這些東西意味著割斷友誼。他們?cè)陲嬍成霞墒澈⒁活?lèi)的奇形怪狀的食品。任何情況下,都可用花作為禮品。
Delicacy
美食
秘魯菜肴大體可分為兩大系別:以利馬為代表的沿海區(qū)以辣味為主,主料是魚(yú)、海味、雞和馬鈴薯,做法多為涼拌、清蒸和燒烤;以庫(kù)斯科為代表的山區(qū)菜以甜味為主,主料是牛、羊肉和馬鈴薯,以燉、燴、煎為主。許多秘魯人還喜歡吃法國(guó)菜和西班牙菜??偟膩?lái)說(shuō),秘魯人特別喜歡辣椒和香料。
皮斯科酒與皮斯科雞尾酒
皮斯科酒是秘魯?shù)摹皣?guó)酒”,深受秘魯人民喜愛(ài)。這種酒被儲(chǔ)藏在一種較淺、個(gè)體較大的圓椎形泥制容器中。皮斯科專(zhuān)門(mén)用于這些容器的生產(chǎn)。皮斯科采用蒸餾方法制造,這種傳統(tǒng)的技法始自16世紀(jì)中葉引進(jìn)葡萄種植后不久。用皮斯科酒做酸味雞尾酒,在世界各地享有盛譽(yù)。調(diào)制時(shí)需加入雞蛋清、糖、檸檬汁、糖漿、苦味液、碎冰塊和肉桂粉。
賽比切魚(yú)片
塞比切來(lái)自古莫切語(yǔ),這道菜是出于魚(yú)和肉的保鮮需要,把它們浸在鹵汁中而由此而發(fā)明的。古代的秘魯人不知道檸檬這種東西,但他們卻知道其它一些酸味水果,這些水果的果汁都能提供充分的保鮮功能。后來(lái)在這道菜里又加入了紅洋蔥、辣椒、咖喱和萵苣,直到安第斯移民的到來(lái),它才最后定形為加入煮紅薯和玉米棒子的形式。
洛克羅
秘魯一道有名的土豆菜肴是洛克羅,其實(shí)就是母雞燉土豆。原料是土養(yǎng)的母雞1只,黃土豆1公斤,白土豆1公斤,3個(gè)綠辣椒,4個(gè)洋蔥,一些蒜泥。把母雞切塊燉1個(gè)小時(shí)后,放入己經(jīng)去皮的土豆和其他輔料,再煮l小時(shí)左右即可。
帕恰曼卡
帕恰曼卡原意是“大地之鍋”,在制做這道大餐時(shí),先要在地上挖出一個(gè)大坑,鋪上揀好的卵石用火烤熱,然后在石頭上放上各種肉類(lèi)、土豆、木薯、玉米、豌豆等食物,再鋪上芭蕉葉或樹(shù)葉,最后蓋上泥土。大約過(guò)上兩三個(gè)小時(shí),這道以大地為鍋、帶著泥土芬芳的大餐就制成了。帕恰曼卡大餐一般不適合獨(dú)自享用,人們往往在家人和朋友相聚或者節(jié)慶時(shí)一起制做這道美味佳肴。 隨著現(xiàn)代文明的發(fā)展,帕恰曼卡大餐靠著它獨(dú)特的魅力逐漸走出山區(qū),流傳到全國(guó)各大城市,人們便將其制作方法加以改進(jìn)。不同地方的人根據(jù)自己的喜好選擇不同的配料,烤制出風(fēng)味各異的帕恰曼卡大餐。
2. City Without Rain - Lima
無(wú)雨之都——利馬
利馬東依安第斯山脈中的圣克里斯托瓦爾山,南、北傍里克馬河,是秘魯國(guó)家的首都,全國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心。同時(shí),利馬也是南美洲著名的城市。利馬的城市名稱(chēng)來(lái)源于其所瀕臨的里馬克河,以感謝里馬科河亙古以來(lái)對(duì)利馬城市的恩澤。利馬是一座歷史古城。在公元10世紀(jì)時(shí)的古印加文明便在此達(dá)到鼎盛,之后的16世紀(jì)到19世紀(jì),利馬一直充當(dāng)著西班牙殖民者在南北的殖民中心的角色。直至1821年,秘魯才獲得獨(dú)立,同年,利馬被設(shè)為首都。
如今,利馬已是“南美洲最富庶、最優(yōu)美的城市”。利馬城區(qū)分為舊城和新城。舊城在城北,鄰里馬克河,舊城多保留著殖民時(shí)期的建筑:皮薩羅宮殿部分舊址、圣馬丁廣場(chǎng)、博洛洛內(nèi)西廣場(chǎng)等。舊城的古跡的夕陽(yáng)的光暈下散發(fā)著古典的氣息,以“武裝廣場(chǎng)”為中心延展開(kāi)來(lái),漫過(guò)古色古香的石板道路,流向舊城的每一處,襯托著里馬克河的傳奇與神圣。同時(shí),風(fēng)光優(yōu)美的阿拉梅達(dá)公園、繁華的街市烏尼昂大街、尼科拉斯德皮埃羅拉大街、南美洲最古老的大學(xué)——圣馬科斯大學(xué),“金子博物館”也是游利馬舊城不容錯(cuò)過(guò)的地方。
利馬的新城區(qū)則是一派現(xiàn)代化氣息:寬闊的街道、林立的高樓、匆忙的人群,但利馬新城也有可去之處,如建于19世紀(jì)初的人種學(xué)和考古博物館以及西班牙殖民者作為宗教法庭使用的宗教法庭陳列館,都有參觀的價(jià)值。
利馬極少降雨,是著名的不雨城。由于長(zhǎng)年的干燥,利馬城市周?chē)炎兂闪瞬幻幕哪?,若有閑暇,出城觀望四野的黃沙戈壁,也令有一番感受。
3. Guinea Pig Festival
秘魯豚鼠節(jié)
秘魯豚鼠節(jié)在國(guó)際上大名鼎鼎,更是為當(dāng)?shù)厝怂矏?ài)的活動(dòng),每次舉辦都人山人海,熱鬧非凡。豚鼠節(jié)上,人們要評(píng)選出個(gè)頭最大的豚鼠、速度最快的豚鼠、最佳著裝的豚鼠以及味道最好的豚鼠。最佳著裝豚鼠比賽可謂一場(chǎng)豚鼠時(shí)裝秀,豚鼠們紛紛扮演起了不同角色,帶著豚鼠們參賽的土著女士們也穿起了傳統(tǒng)服飾。在味道最好的豚鼠比賽中,大廚們使出渾身解數(shù),運(yùn)用油炸、燒烤以及烘烤等方法烹制出了口味不同的豚鼠大餐。如果要去秘魯旅行,這實(shí)在是不可錯(cuò)過(guò)的一個(gè)美妙的場(chǎng)景。