大嘴解疑

舒安江

Q:學(xué)了how often的用法后，我在做“就劃線部分提問(wèn)”一類(lèi)試題時(shí)老是分辨不了該用how often還是該用how many times，請(qǐng)講講這兩個(gè)詞組用法的區(qū)別好嗎？

A: 好的。how many times表示“多少次”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)次數(shù)，用于就once, twice, three times, four times 等表示次數(shù)的單詞或短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。how often 表示“多久一次；多?！?，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)頻率，用于就once a week, twice a month, three times a year等短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。請(qǐng)看下面兩個(gè)例子：

They go to the movies twice a month.(就劃線部分提問(wèn))

→ How many times do they go to the movie a month? 他們一個(gè)月去多少次電影院？

He watches TV three times a week.(就劃線部分提問(wèn))

→ How often does he watch TV?他多 久看一次電視？

Q: 翻譯“雖然他很有錢(qián)，但他并不很快樂(lè)?！睍r(shí)我譯為Although he has much money, but he isnt very happy. 老師說(shuō)我犯了錯(cuò)。請(qǐng)問(wèn)我錯(cuò)在哪里？

A: 你這種譯法犯了“蛇足類(lèi)”錯(cuò)誤。用although或but 表示“雖然……，但是……”時(shí)，應(yīng)避免受漢語(yǔ)的影響，although和but 不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一句話中。所以“雖然他很有錢(qián)，但他并不很快樂(lè)”的正確譯法為：Although he has much money, he isnt very happy. 或 He has much money, but he isnt very happy.

【知識(shí)延伸】 用because或 so 表示“因?yàn)椤浴睍r(shí)，也應(yīng)遵循上述原則。例如：翻譯“因?yàn)樗蛱焐×耍运麤](méi)去上學(xué)?！?/p>

Because he was ill, so he didnt go to school yesterday. (×)

Because he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. (√)

He was ill, so he didnt go to school yesterday. (√)

Q: “be + v-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)既可表示某動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行, 也可表示某動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。面對(duì)含有這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，我們?cè)撊绾未_定這種結(jié)構(gòu)屬于哪種用法呢?

A: 分辨含有“be + v-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)句子的用法主要是通過(guò)比較句子末尾的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定：含有now, these days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中的“be + v-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生；含有表將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中的“be + v-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。例如：

He is watching TV in his room now. 他現(xiàn)在正在房間里看電視。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）

Im going to Hawaii for vacation next month. 下個(gè)月我將去夏威夷度假。（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）

若含有“be + v-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則必須根據(jù)句意、語(yǔ)境或上下文來(lái)分辨它屬于哪種用法。例如：

Dont make noise. Im doing my homework. 不要吵，我正在做作業(yè)。（動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生）

—What is Linda doing for vacation?琳達(dá)假期將干什么？

—She is going to visit her friends in Tibet.她將去西藏看她的朋友。（動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生）

此外，以look, listen等動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的祈使句中的“be + v-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)通常表示某一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。例如：

Look! These boys are having lunch.看！這些男孩們正在吃午飯。

Listen! The children are singing over there.聽(tīng)！孩子們?cè)谀沁叧琛?/p>

Q: 第三單元中的I heard that Canada is beautiful, and I know there are many people there who speak French. 這句話，我弄不明白句中who一詞的用法，能給我些點(diǎn)撥嗎？

A: 句中的I know there are many people there who speak French. 是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，意思為“我知道那里有許多人說(shuō)法語(yǔ)”，從句there are many people there who speak French中包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，who speak French 用來(lái)修飾many people，many people是先行詞，who是引導(dǎo)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。又如：

Do you know the boy who is reading in the classroom? 你認(rèn)識(shí)在教室里看書(shū)的那個(gè)男孩嗎？（the boy是先行詞，who is reading in the classroom是定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞who充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)）