新目標九年級Ｕｎｉｔｓ１—２重點句型講解

劉世一

Unit1

1. I study by working with a group. 我通過小組練習學習。

by+v-ing構成方式狀語，表示“以某種方式、手段做某事”，by后也可接名詞。例如：

He teaches himself the violin by practicing the whole night.

他通過整夜的練習自學小提琴。

She got there by taking a bus (=by bus). 她乘公共汽車到的那里。

I study English by watching English movies.

我通過看英語電影學習英語。

I knew by his appearance that he was not English. 通過他的外表我就知道他不是英國人。

2.Its too hard to understand the voices. 很難聽明白那些話。

本句是too…to…句型，含有否定意義，意為“太……以致不……”，其中too是副詞，用來修飾形容詞，to是動詞不定式符號。句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式。例如：

The apple is too high to reach.

那蘋果太高了，夠不著。

The boy is too young to understand the story.

他年齡太小，不能理解這個故事。

在使用這個句型時，以下三點值得注意：

(1)當句中的主語與不定式有邏輯動賓關系時，不定式后不能接賓語。

Tom spoke too quickly for us to understand.

湯姆講得太快了，我們聽不懂。

(2)當句中的主語與不定式有邏輯動賓關系，而不定式又是不及物動詞時，要加相應的介詞。

The house is too small for the family to live in.

房子太小，以致于家里人住不下。

(3)中考對這一知識點的考查常以句型轉(zhuǎn)換形式出現(xiàn)，如與so…that…和…enough to…結構互為轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

The little boy walked too fast for his parents to catch up with.

這個小男孩走得太快了，他父母跟不上。

→The little boy walked so fast that his parents couldnt catch up with him.

The box is too small to hold these books.

這個箱子太小了裝不下這些書。

→The box is not big enough to hold these books.

3. He also thinks that watching English movies isnt a bad way because he can watch the actors say the words.

他還認為看英語電影是一種好方法，因為他可以看到演員在說什么。

(1)本句為主從復合句，that引導賓語從句作think的賓語，because引導原因狀語從句，修飾賓語從句。

(2)watching English movies是動名詞短語作賓語從句的主語。非謂語動詞短語作主語時，視為第三人稱單數(shù)，無論非謂語動詞后的賓語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，謂語動詞都要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。通?？梢杂眯问街髡Zit代替非謂語動詞短語，將真正的主語放在句子后面。例如：

Reading more English story books is a good way for English study.

多讀一些英語故事對英語學習有好處。

To finish the work on time is very difficult.

=It is very difficult to finish the work on time.按時完成這項工作非常困難。

(3)在watch the actors say the words中，謂語動詞watch后跟的是帶有一個動詞不定式短語的復合賓語，動詞不定式say前面省去了to。英語中，當感官動詞watch, see, listen to, hear, look at, feel, notice 等后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，通常省去不定式符號to。例如：

The man saw a thief run out of a shop. 那人看見一個小偷從一家商店跑了出來。

I often hear the girl sing a song in the next room.我常常聽到那個女孩在隔壁唱歌。

4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?我們來大聲朗讀練習發(fā)音怎么樣？

what about 意為“……怎么樣？”與how about 意思相同且用法相同，用于征求對方意見，看法，建議對方做某事。后面接名詞、代詞或v-ing形式等。

What (How) about a trip to London? 到倫敦去旅游一趟如何？

What (How) about you, Helen? Do you like that book? 你怎么樣，海倫？你喜歡那本書嗎？

What (How) about playing football with me? 和我一起踢足球怎么樣？

5. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. 因為當我們談論某事激動起來時，最后就講起中文來了。

(1)get excited about=be excited about 為固定短語,意為“對……感到興奮”。介詞about后通常接名詞、代詞或v-ing 形式。例如：

Arent you excited about it?

你難道對那件事不感到興奮嗎？

The boys got excited about going to Shanghai. 男孩們對去上海感到很興奮。

The students are excited about the results of the exams. 學生們對考試結果感到非常興奮。

(2)end up sth. /doing sth. 意為“結果為……”，“以……結束”，通常指意料之外的結果。例如：

He ended up in prison.

他最終鋃鐺入獄。

They were going to go swimming, but ended up staying at home and watching TV. 他們原計劃去游泳，但結果卻是呆在家里看電視。

6．I dont know how to use commas. 我不知道怎么使用逗號。

句中how to use commas是帶有疑問詞的動詞不定式作賓語，不定式的邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。在中考中，往往將其與賓語從句進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換來對這一知識進行考查。例如：

He didnt know what he should do.

→He didnt know what to do.

他不知道應該做什么。

Jim told Lin Tao how he would spend the day.

→Jim told Lin Tao how to spend the day. 吉姆告訴林濤他是怎樣度過這一天的。

The students should know what to do or what not to do in school.

我們在使用這一結構時有兩點需要注意：

(1)在這一結構中，如果是疑問代詞what， which, whom時，是作其后不定式短語中動詞的賓語，因此動詞應是及物動詞，若是不及物動詞，需加相應的介詞。例如：

I dont know what to say.

我不知該說什么。

He wants to know whom to work with.

他想知道將和誰在一起工作。

(2)在這一結構中，如果是疑問副詞when, where, how時，是作其后不定式短語的狀語，因此它們后面可接不及物動詞，若接及物動詞，須有自己的賓語。例如：

Please tell me where to go.

請告訴我去哪里。

Do you know how to do the exercise?

你知道怎樣做這個練習嗎？

7．I dont have a partner to practice English with.

我沒有練習英語的同伴。

句中to practice English with是接介詞的不定式短語作定語。這一語言現(xiàn)象有兩種情況：

(1)當被修飾的中心詞與作定語用的不定式在意義上是動賓關系，并且不定式是“動詞+介詞”這類短語動詞時，動詞后的介詞不能去掉。例如：

Mr. Johnson was a difficult person to wait on.約翰遜先生是一個很難侍候的人。

He is a man not to be looked down upon. 他是一個不可小看的人。

(2)當被修飾的中心詞與作定語用的不定式在意義上是動狀關系，即中心詞是不定式（及物動詞或不及物動詞均可）動作發(fā)生的地點、工具等，不定式后一般要用一個適當?shù)慕樵~來表示這種關系。例如：

They want to buy some sickles to cut rice with.

人們想買幾把鐮刀用來割谷。

Its getting dark. We have to find a hotel to live in. 天快黑了，我們得找個旅館住下。

8． First of all, it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. 首先，當老師和同學們交談時，我不容易聽得懂。

本句是“it be+adj.+to do sth.”句型。it是形式主語，代替后面真正的主語動詞不定式。例如：

It is not easy to learn English well. 學好英語不容易。

It is necessary to master at least a foreign language.

有必要至少掌握一門外語。

當動詞不定式的邏輯主語需要表示出來時，有以下兩種情況：

(1)形容詞通常用來表示事物的形狀或特征時，用“it+be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句型。常見的這類形容詞有difficult, hard, easy, heavy, dangerous, expensive,useful, impossible等。例如：

It is impossible for her to buy the car with cash.要她用現(xiàn)金買那輛汽車是不可能的。

Its common for leaves to fall from the trees in the fall. 秋天樹葉從樹上落下是件常事。

(2)形容詞通常用來表示人的行為或品德時，用“it+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.”句型，常見的這類形容詞有honest, wise, clever, brave, foolish, kind, good, careful, stupid, silly, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude等。例如：

It was brave of her to save the children.

她救起那些孩子們，很勇敢。

It was careless of him to leave the door unlocked. 他沒有把門鎖上，實在是太粗心了。

9. Later on, I realized that it doesnt matter if you dont understand every word. 后來，我意識到是否理解每個詞無關緊要。

句中it doesnt matter…是動詞matter的常用句型。matter用作動詞主要用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中，意為“要緊”、“關系重要”，多用it作主語。偶爾也用于肯定句中。例如：

It will not matter if you come home late. 你回家晚了也沒關系。

It doesnt matter who wins in the match. 誰在比賽中獲勝沒關系。

It doesnt matter whether Danny goes there or not.丹去不去那兒無關緊要。

根據(jù)情況其后可接介詞to，表示對某人有關系，或接介詞about，用來表示做某事是否有關系。例如：

What does it matter to you?

這對你有什么關系？

It doesnt matter about closing the window. 關上窗子沒有關系。

10. She had trouble making complete sentences. 她在造完整的句子方面有些困難。

本句是“have+n.+(in) doing…”句型，意為“做……有……”，have后常接fun, difficulty, trouble, problems等詞語。介詞in指“在某一方面”，?？梢允÷?。例如：

Were going to have fun learning and speaking English this term. 這個學期我們學說英語將會很有樂趣。

The students had trouble (in) climbing the hill.

同學們在登山時遇到了一些問題。

We had some problems getting to the top of the mountain.

到達山頂我們費了些勁。

We have difficulty talking and playing with him.

我們很難和他一起聊天和玩。

Unit 2

11. I used to be afraid of the dark. 我過去怕黑。

Did you use to play the piano? 你過去常常彈鋼琴嗎？

本句為used to結構的疑問句形式。used to是情態(tài)動詞，只有過去式，沒有其他任何時態(tài)，表示過去存在但現(xiàn)在已不存在的情況或習慣，to是不定式符號，后面跟動詞原形。例如：

We used to work in the same workshop.

我們曾在同一個車間工作。

There used to be many people smoking in the office, but now nobody is allowed to.

過去在辦公室里常常有許多人抽煙，而現(xiàn)在不讓人抽了。

used to的疑問和否定形式可以用助動詞did,也可直接用used構成。例如：

Did it use to rain here in summer?

=Used it to rain here in summer?

這兒以前夏季時常下雨嗎？

We did not use to see each other.

=We usednt to see each other.

我們以前不經(jīng)常見面。

12. But now Im more interested in… 但我現(xiàn)在對……更感興趣。

be interested in“對……感興趣”， 表示“有興趣做某事”be interested to do sth.句型。兩個句型中的be動詞可用become或get代替，側重于由不感興趣到感興趣。例如：

Im interested in this TV play．

我對這部電視劇感興趣。

The old American became interested in Beijing Opera.這位美國老人對京劇產(chǎn)生了興趣。

I am not interested in doing business with that company.

我不喜歡和那家公司做買賣。

He was interested to watch their faces and their costumes.他饒有興趣地注視著他們的面孔和衣服。

13. Im terrified of the dark.

我非常害怕黑夜。

terrified是動詞terrify的過去分詞形式，在句中相當于形容詞，含有very afraid的意思?？蓸嫵啥陶Zbe terrified of…“對……非常害怕”， be terrified at “因……而害怕、驚恐”。例如：

Some children were terrified of a long roll of thunder.

有些小孩子害怕隆隆的雷聲。

The child was terrified of being left alone in the house. 那孩子害怕把他一個人留在家里。

She was terrified at the deafening explosion. 她被那震耳欲聾的爆炸聲嚇了一跳。

The old lady was terrified at the thought of crossing such a busy road.

老婦人想到要穿過這樣一條繁忙的馬路便感到害怕。

14. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.

我開著臥室的燈睡覺。

句中with my bedroom light on是介詞with的復合結構，在句中作伴隨狀語。with復合結構由兩部分構成，第一部分介詞的賓語，由名詞或代詞充當，第二部分是賓語補足語，由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當，分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以是過去分詞。該結構在句中多數(shù)充當狀語，表示行為方式，伴隨情況、時間、原因或條件。例如：

We can see a big house with trees around it. 我們看見一棟高大的房子，四周樹木環(huán)繞。

He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut. 關好寢室門他就上床去睡覺了。

With the meal over, we all went home. 吃過飯我們都回家了。

With the boy to lead the way, we will find the house easily tomorrow.

有那個男孩帶路，明天我會很容易地找到這幢房子。

15. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just dont have the time anymore.

我上高中前，花了許多時間和朋友們一起玩，可現(xiàn)在我不再有時間玩了。

(1)句中的spend使用的句型是spend time (in) doing sth.，意為“花費時間或錢做某事”，其中介詞in可以省去。spend另一個常用句型是spend time on sth.“在某事或物上花費時間或錢”。試比較：

I spent my holidays (in) traveling in Scotland.

我到蘇格蘭旅行度假了。

He spent a lot of money on books. 他花了很多錢來買書。

(2)not…anymore意為“不再……”、“再也不……”，anymore可分為any more。not…anymore同義詞語是no more, not…any longer/no longer，區(qū)別是：not…anymore常用于日常對話，側重于程度或在數(shù)量上不再增加。常可以寫成no more。不過no more多用于書面語，多修飾瞬間動詞。

I wont go to his house any more/anymore.

我再也不到他家去了。

Time lost will not return anymore.

=Time lost will return no more.

=Lost time will no more return.

失去的時間一去不返了。

no longer，側重于時間上不再延長，表示時間上的“不再”，常含有今昔對比之意，比較正式，動詞常用作一般現(xiàn)在時，有時用作過去時。no longer的變化形式是not…any longer，多用于口語。

She could no longer go to school.

She couldnt go to school any longer. 她再也不能上學了。

I must not disturb you any longer. 我決不能再打擾你了。

16. My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 在過去的幾年里，我的生活改變了許多。

in the last few weeks/months/years表示“在過去的幾周/月/年里”，常用在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中?！癷n the past+時間段”也有這一用法，意思相同。例如：

I have made a great progress in the last few weeks. 在過去的幾周里，我進步很快。

He has learned lots of English words in the last few months.在過去的幾個月里，他學習了很多的英語單詞。

I have taught in this school for ten years.

我在這所學校教書已10年了。

=I have taught in this school since ten years ago.自從10年前我就在這所學校教書。

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.

在過去的幾年里我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

17. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 于梅好像變了許多。

本句為It seems that…句型。seem表示“好像、似乎、看起來”，表示根據(jù)某種跡象看出主觀的、但不肯定的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實。例如：

It seemed that he had missed the train. 看來他沒搭上火車。

It seems that he is happy today. 今天他似乎很高興。

It seems that…句型往往可轉(zhuǎn)換為Sb. seem to do sth.。例如：

It seems that he understands the meaning of the word.

=He seems to understand the meaning of the word.他似乎理解了這個單詞的意思。

It seems that she is sleeping.

=She seems to be sleeping.

她好像在睡覺。

It seems that…句型可拓展為It seems to sb. that…，意為“在某人看來……”。例如：

It seems to me that it will rain tonight. 我看今晚要下雨了。

It seems to me that there is something strange about the case.

在我看來這件案子有點奇怪。

It seems后面除了可接that從句外，還可以接as if引導的從句。例如：

It seems as if it is going to be fine. 好像天要放晴了。

It seemed as if the man over there had been drunk.

那邊的那個人好像喝醉酒了。