Ｕｎｉｔｓ２０—２２要點詳解

任貴敏

Unit 20

1.In England, who can marry couples in church?

在英國，誰可以在教堂里為新人主持婚禮？

知識點couple的用法

1.夫婦。例如：

The young couple decided to start their tour immediately.

那對年輕的夫婦決定立即開始他們的旅行。

2.幾個；兩個。例如：

They walked a couple of miles. 他們步行了幾英里。

3.一對，一雙。例如：

He keeps a couple of dogs. 他養(yǎng)了兩只狗。

[辨析]pair, couple

(1)兩件組成一套，通常不分開使用的物品叫pair,它們可以是不連在一起的兩件物品(如shoes),或者由兩個相同的部分組成的物品(如trousers)。例如：

a pair of socks/trousers/shoes/scissors/glasses一雙襪子/一條褲子/一雙鞋/一把剪刀/一副眼鏡

(2)couple是指任何兩件同樣的物品。例如：

I saw a couple of cats in the garden. 我在花園里看見兩只貓。

Could you lend me a couple of pounds? 你能借給我兩英鎊嗎？

Not every couple is a pair.[諺]天下夫婦多，珠聯(lián)壁合少。

2.I intend to… 我打算……

1.想要；打算。例如：

Lets ask her what she intends us to do.

讓我們問她想要我們做什么。

What do you intend to do today? 你今天打算做什么？

She intended to catch the early train, but she didnt get up in time.

她打算趕早班火車，但是她沒有及時起床。

They intended taking the airplane on the other side of the river.

他們打算乘坐河對岸的飛機。

2. 常用句型為：intend to do/doing sth.想要做某事，intend sb. to do sth.想讓某人做某事，intend sb. for希望某人……。例如：

She intends to go (going) abroad next year. 她打算明年出國。

My father intended me to become a doctor.

我的父親想要我做個醫(yī)生。

She intends her daughter for a scientist. 她希望女兒當個科學家。

[注意]intend作“建議；主張”講時，后接賓語從句，其謂語動詞用“(should)+動詞原形”。例如：

I intend that she should go, not you.

我的意思是要她去，而不是你去。

3.How long has the tradition of crosstalk existed in China?

相聲這一傳統(tǒng)在中國已經存在多少年了？

知識點exist的用法

1.vi.存在。例如：

That word doesnt exist in English. 英語中沒有那個單詞。

2.vi.生存；生活。例如：

She existed only on milk. 她只靠牛奶生存。

[拓展]

(1)existence n.[U]存在；生存；存在物，與其相關的短語為：an existence生活，bring/call into existence使產生；使成立，come into existence開始存在；產生；成立，in existence存在的；現(xiàn)存的，put out of existence消滅；滅絕；殺死。例如：

Do you believe in the existence of God? 你相信上帝的存在嗎？

(2)exit n.[C]出口；通道；安全門；太平門。vi.(戲劇)退場，反義詞為enter,意為“登場”；make ones exit退出；離去。例如：

Thats the only exit from the theater. 那是該劇院的唯一出口。

4.I cycled in front of him, got off my bicycle and laid it down on the road in front of his car so that he couldnt drive off.

我騎到他面前，下了車，把車放倒在汽車前面，讓他無法開走。

知識點lay down的用法

lay down意為“放下；犧牲；獻出；聲明”。例如：

Lay down your arms and come out with your hands up!

放下你的武器舉起手走出來！

[拓展]

[固定短語]lay/set/clap eyes on看見；見到(常用于否定句中),lay in貯存，lay off把……擱在一邊；休息；停止做……；脫掉；解雇，lay out展開；鋪開；擺開；陳列；展示；安排，lay up大量貯存；積累，lay to停泊；使停泊。

5.Then I picked up my bicycle and rode on.

然后我扶起我的自行車繼續(xù)向前騎。

知識點pick up的用法

1.拾起；撿起。例如：

The children picked up many seashells at the seashore.

孩子們在海邊撿到許多海貝殼。

She picked up a stone and threw it at the window.

她撿起了一塊石頭朝窗戶扔去。

2.(無意中)學會；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)。例如：

In that way Ill be able to pick up some theoretical knowledge, too.

這樣我也能學到一些理論知識。

He picked up the information in a most unlikely place.

他在一個非常令人意想不到的地方偶然得到了那個消息。

When she was in France, she picked up Spanish.

她在法國期間，偶然學會了西班牙語。

3.見到；聽出；收聽到。例如：

We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.

我們收到了出故障的飛機發(fā)出的求救信號。

4.恢復。例如：

I believe things will pick up soon. 我相信事情很快就會好轉。

I picked up my computer programme. 我恢復了我的電腦程序。

5.收集。例如：

Please pick up all your toys when you have finished playing.

玩過后請你把所有的玩具收好。

I have picked up a lot of stamps. 我已經收集了很多郵票。

6.加快(速度)。例如：

The train picked up speed. 火車提速了。

Lets see how fast you can pick up from a standingstart.

讓我們看看你站著起跑后能加速多少。

Unit 21

6.Somebody is late for a flight and wants to go ahead of the queue. 有人在一次航班中來晚了，想插到隊伍的前面去。

知識點ahead of的用法

(在空間或時間上比某人，某物)更前；更早。例如：

The production plan was fulfilled ahead of time.

生產計劃提前完成了。

He is ahead of his class in English. 他的英語居全班第一。

[固定短語]

(1)go ahead意為“行，可以”，用于對別人的請求的回答。go ahead也可以意為“進行；發(fā)生”。例如：

——I wonder if I can use your bike for a while.

我想知道我是否可以用一會你的自行車。

——Sure. Go ahead. 行，可以。

——May I start now? 我現(xiàn)在可以開始了嗎？

——Yes, go ahead. 可以，開始吧。

The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned.

新橋的修建將按計劃進行。

Despite the bad weather the picnic will go ahead.

盡管天氣不好，野餐照常進行。

(2)get ahead意為“前進；成功”，后接of短語時，表示“比……好”。例如：

He got ahead in his business. 他事業(yè)有成。

(3)go ahead with意為“(毫無遲疑地)開始……”。例如：

The government intends to go ahead with its privatization plans.

政府擬推行私有化計劃。

7.While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.

盡管關于我們肢體語的解釋五花八門，但一些手勢似乎是全球通用的。

知識點while的用法

conj.然而；盡管。例如：

While I like the colour of the hat, I do not like its shape.

我雖然喜歡這頂帽子的顏色，但卻不喜歡它的樣式。

While Toms very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless.

湯姆很擅長理科，而他的兄弟絕對是不可救藥。

While I am willing to help, I dont have much time available.

盡管我愿意幫忙，但是我沒有多少時間。

[辨析] although, though, as

這三個詞都可以作連詞，引導讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然……但是”。在英語中用了although/though/as時，就不再用but，但可以用yet或still。例如：

Although small, the kitchen is well designed. 廚房雖小，但設計巧妙。

Although/Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard.

=In poor health as/though he is, he works hard.

=He is in poor health, but he works hard.

盡管他身體不好，但他工作努力。

[注意](1)當as/though引導倒裝句時，且單數(shù)名詞作謂語時，省略冠詞。例如：

Child as/though he is, he knows a lot of new words.

=Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of new words.

盡管他還是個孩子，但卻知道許多新詞。

(2)though可作副詞，表示“然而”，放在句末或其他位置。例如：

He said he would come, he didnt, though. 他說他要來，然而卻沒來。

8.Pressing ones palms together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means “I am tired”.

雙手合十，把頭放在手背上，同時閉上雙眼好像睡著的樣子表示“我累了”。

知識點rest的用法

1.作可數(shù)名詞，意為“休息；停止；停頓”。例如：

Lets have a rest. 讓我們休息一下吧。

Having a rest is necessary after class. 課后的休息是必要的。

2.作及物動詞，意為“放在……上；倚靠著”。常用短語：rest…on/upon/against…把……放在……上；讓……靠著……。例如：

He was reading a book with his chin resting on his hand.

他用手托著下巴讀書。

She rested her head on his shoulder. 她把頭靠在他的肩上。

3.作不及物動詞，意為“停止；停頓；靜止”。常用于rest from+n.結構。例如：

He rested from work because he had caught cold.

他感冒了，所以停止工作。

The argument didnt rest here. 爭論并未就此結束。

4.通常用于否定句。例如：

I cant rest until I confirm his safety myself.

在親自確認他安全之后，我才能夠放心。

9.Put numbers next to all the things in the order they occur.

在發(fā)生的事件前按照發(fā)生的順序標上序號。

知識點occur的用法

vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；想到。例如：

You ought to be prepared for any accident that will occur here.

你應該對這里隨時可能發(fā)生的事有所準備。

Such emotions usually occur among the married women.

這種情感常在已婚婦女中出現(xiàn)。

It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the

job. 我突然想到我們可以用計算機做這項工作。

When exactly did the incident occur?

這一事件究竟是什么時候發(fā)生的？

The idea occurred to him in a dream. 這個主意是他在夢中想到的。

It didnt occur to her to ask for help. 她沒想到請人幫忙。

10.She speaks to the man most of the time and focuses her attention on him. 大多數(shù)時間都是她對那個人說，她把所有的注意力全放在他的身上。

知識點focus的用法

1.n.焦點。例如：

Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph.

如果你想拍一張好照片，把物體對準在焦點上。

2.vt.使聚焦；使集中。常與介詞on連用。例如：

The beams of light moved across the sky and focused on the plane.

光束在空中移動，集中對準飛機。

[固定短語] focus on把焦點對準；集中注意(研究)……；focus/centre ones attention on集中某人的注意力于……。

Unit22

11.Go straight down this road, and then turn left.

沿著這條路一直向前走，然后向左拐。

知識點straight的用法

1.adj.直的；正直的；直立的；誠實的。例如：

We often draw a straight line with a ruler. 我們常用直尺畫直線。

The picture is not straight. You must move the right side up.

這張畫不正，你必須把右邊往上移。

2.adv.直地；不彎地。例如：

This picture is not hanging straight. 這幅畫沒掛正。

The smoke rose straight up. 煙筆直地升起。

The car went straight up the road. 小汽車一直開過這條路。

[辨析] straight, direct, directly

(1)straight強調外觀，表示整齊有序，可引申為“正直；樸實”。例如：

He is straight in everything. 他對任何事都很認真。

(2)direct意為“直達的；坦率的；直接地”，強調路線不彎曲及其方向性。例如：

Our leader never gave a direct answer to any questions of the reporters. 我們的領導從不直接回答記者的任何問題。

They flew direct from China to America. 他們直接從中國飛往美國。

(3)directly著重指對事物直接影響，不著重強調實際距離。例如：

She has never spoken directly about Tom. 她從不直接談論湯姆。

[注意]directly還可作連詞，引導從句，意為“一……就……”，相當于as soon as。例如：

I came directly I got your message. 我一收到你消息就來了。

12.Excuse me. Does this road lead to…， please?

請問，這是通往……的路嗎？

知識點lead to的用法

1.通向；引至。to為介詞，后接名詞或代詞(表地點)。如果后面接地點副詞，則省略to。例如：

All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。

Do you know the road leading to the nearest post office?

你知道去最近的郵局的路嗎？

Hard work led to his success in the end.

努力工作使他最終走向成功。

Where does that road lead to? 那條路通往何方？

This road leads there. 這條路通向那里。

2.導致。無被動形式。例如：

The cold air led to him coughing. 寒氣導致他咳嗽。

[固定短語]lead the way to意為“帶路；開創(chuàng)”。例如：

That old man led the way to that building.

那位老人帶路到那棟樓前。

Einsteins theory led the way to a new scientific times.

愛因斯坦的理論開創(chuàng)了一個新的科學時代。

[注意]含有介詞to的短語，后面需用動名詞作賓語的有:look forward to, pay attention to, be/get used to, devote sth./oneself to, get down to, prefer doing sth. to doing sth., be due to, see to, feel equal to。“動詞+介詞to”構成的短語還有：turn to(求助于), stick to(堅持)， object to(反對),belong to(屬于), refer to(談到；涉及；參閱)， point to(指向), come to(共計；蘇醒), reply to(答復), agree to(同意), add to(增加), compare…to…(把……比作……)。

13.The parks are becoming more advanced and new technology allows us to experience almost anything without actually being in danger or risking injury. 公園更加先進完善了，高新技術保障我們幾乎經歷一切但完全沒有危險和傷害。

知識點1辨析allow, permit, let

1.allow為一般性動詞，詞義較弱，表示“默許；聽任；不加阻止”的意思，可用于正式場合表示客氣的請求，比permit含有更消極的意思。例如：

Allow me to use your computer. 允許我用一下你的電腦。

As a child, I was never allowed to stay up late.

小時候，大人從不允許我熬夜。

Fishing is not allowed here. 這里不許釣魚。

2.permit用法比較正式，比allow含有更積極的意思，語氣比allow強，強調“正式認可；批準”的意思。例如：

Smoking is not permitted in the reading-room. 閱覽室內禁止吸煙。

They permitted me to inform you. 他們允許我通知你。

3.let表示“讓”，詞義最弱，和allow, permit的意思相同，常用于口語中，一般不用于被動語態(tài)，后面接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。例如：

Please let me introduce my classmates.

=Please allow me to introduce my classmates.

請允許我介紹一下我的同學們。

His father would not let him go. 他的父親不讓他走。

知識點2risk的用法

1.作名詞，意為“危險；風險”。例如：

Is there any risk doing this kind of business? 做這種生意有風險嗎？

He jumped into the water at the risk of his life.

他冒著生命危險跳入水中。

There is no risk of being fined if you obey the rule.

如果你遵守制度，就不會有被罰的危險。

There is no risk of doing it. 做這件事根本不存在風險。

There was a constant risk that you would be arrested.

你會有被捕的危險。

2.作動詞，意為“冒險”。

(1)risk+n.。例如：

Though he risked the punishment, he climbed over the fence.

盡管他明知會受懲罰，他還是翻過了圍墻。

(2)risk+動名詞。例如：

He risked losing his life for the national property.

他為保護國家財產而冒犧牲生命的危險。

Dont risk doing that. 不要冒險做那件事。

He risks losing his job. 他冒失業(yè)的危險。

[固定短語]

run/take risks/a risk 冒險

run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒險做某事

at the risk of/at risk to 冒著……的危險

at your own risk 自擔風險；責任自負

at risk/in danger在危險中

14.Much has changed since the early days of roller coasters;

… 早期的過山車已經改變很多；……

知識點change的用法

1.作動詞，意為“改變；改換；變化”。例如：

Shall I change the maps on the wall? 我能把墻上的地圖換換嗎？

To his surprise, his hometown has greatly been changed.

使他驚訝的是，他的家鄉(xiāng)大大改變了。

The weather changes very often in England. 英國天氣常常變化。

Can hard work change a person that much?

艱苦的工作會使人改變那么大嗎？

We can change water into ice. 我們可以把水變成冰。

2.作名詞，意為“變化；變更；更換；零錢；找零”。例如：

Many old people do not fit in with a sudden change in the weather.

許多老人不適應天氣的突然變化。

Great changes have taken place in our country.

我國已經發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

Do you have any small change on you? 你身上有零錢嗎？

[辨析] turn, change

turn和change作動詞，都意為“變；變成”。在有介詞短語作狀語時，兩者可以通用。但change作不及物動詞，后面不能帶表語；turn可以作連系動詞，后面可以帶表語。例如：

In winter, water changes/turns into ice. 冬天，水變成了冰。

The colour turned red. 顏色變紅了。(此句不能用change替換)

15.In the park, visitors can view small copies of famous buildings and landscapes.

在公園里，游客們可以看到世界著名建筑和景觀的微縮版。

知識點view的用法

1.n.風景；見解；視野；觀點；意見。例如：

The Great Wall came into our view. 長城出現(xiàn)在我們眼前。

The view from our house is very beautiful.

從我們的房子向外看，風景很美。

What a wonderful view from your window!

從你家的窗戶向外看，景色美麗極了！

We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill.

從山頂上我們清楚地看到了城鎮(zhèn)的景色。

His views on the problem were well known.

他對這個問題的看法眾所周知。

We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere.

我們所持的態(tài)度是：干涉是錯誤的。

2.vt.認為；觀察；看待；考慮。例如：

View the problem from all angles. 全面地考慮問題。

The subject may be viewed in various ways. 這題目可從各方面考慮。

Several possible buyers have come to view the house.

幾個可能買房子的人已來看過房子了。

How do you view your position within the company?

你如何看待自己在公司中的位置？