Ｕｎｉｔｓ２０—２２相似詞語辨、練、析

楊開成

1. close, closely

a. She listened ____ while Tom was reading a newspaper.

b. Come ____. I want to tell you something.

c. I am following the matter ____.

d. You hold a mirror ____ in front of your mouth.

e. This problem is ____ connected with that one.

答案及解析：a. closely b. close c. closely d. close e. closely。兩者都可用作副詞，但詞義和用法有時(shí)不同。close表示“(位置上)靠近”，表示具體的概念；closely意為“仔細(xì)地，密切地”，常表達(dá)抽象的概念；close多用來修飾介詞短語，而closely則多用來修飾動(dòng)詞和過去分詞。

2. certain, some

a. I must have read that in ____ magazine.

b. Just now a ____ Mr Li came to see you.

c. ____ person at the door is asking to see you.

d. People who smoke cannot travel in ____ parts of the train.

答案及解析：a. some b. certain c. Some d. certain。certain意為“某個(gè)，某些，某種”，常指尚不明確具體情況或無須明確的某人或某事。certain用作定語，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞。some意為“某一，某某”，表示說話者未知的或不想特別加以說明的人、物、地點(diǎn)等，用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的前面。

3. laughter, laugh

a. His story raised a ____ in the whole class.

b. I heard sound of ____ in the next room.

c. Then she touched me lightly on the arm and made me burst into____.

d. We told many funny stories, and enjoyed as many hearty ____ over them.

答案及解析：a. laugh b. laughter c. laughter d. laughs。兩者都可用作名詞，laugh是可數(shù)名詞，而laughter是抽象名詞，不可數(shù)。

4. be famous for, be famous as

a. Napoleon ____ a great soldier.

b. The area ____ its green tea.

c. Einstein ____ his Theory of Relativity.

d. The area ____ a greet tea producing place.

答案及解析：a. was famous as b. is famous for c. was famous for d. is famous as。be famous for意為“因……而聞名”，for后面的介詞賓語通常是主語本身所固有的東西；be famous as意為“作為……而著稱”，as后的介詞賓語通常與主語是同位語關(guān)系。

5. make fun of, make use of, make up for, make sense of

a. Can you ____ what he says?

b. Its wrong ____ others.

c. Well do all we can ____ the economic losses.

d. We must ____ full ____ time.

答案及解析：a. make sense of b. to make fun of c. to make up for d. make…use of。make fun of 表示“取笑；嘲笑；和……開玩笑”；make useof表示“利用”；make up for表示“彌補(bǔ)”；make sense of表示“理解”。

6. appreciate, enjoy

a. I ____ the meal very much.

b. It is really pleasant ____ that comedy.

c. The pet very much ____ being treated that way.

d. They all went ____ the cherry blossoms.

答案及解析：a. enjoy b. to appreciate c. appreciated d. to enjoy。這兩個(gè)詞都有“欣賞，喜歡”的意思。appreciate指由于較高的修養(yǎng)而對(duì)事物有深入的理解能力，并能鑒賞。enjoy僅指感官或智力上的樂趣和滿足。后跟動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，這兩詞都用動(dòng)名詞而不用不定式。

7. aloud, loud, loudly

a. Suddenly, the bell on the wall rang ____.

b. She has a good pronunciation when she reads ____.

c. Speak ____, or nobody can hear you.

答案及解析：a. loudly b. aloud c. louder。aloud往往與read, think連用，表示真的把話說出來而不只是在腦子里默默地“說”。只有修飾cry, shout時(shí)，才表示“大聲”的意思。loud和loudly都意為“響亮地，大聲地”，有時(shí)可互換，但比較級(jí)用louder，常與speak, talk, laugh, say, shout等連用，loud要置于動(dòng)詞之后，loudly放在動(dòng)詞前后均可，含有“喧鬧”的意思。

8. try doing sth., try to do sth., manage to do sth.

a. We ____ to get what he wanted.

b. Youd better ____ doing the experiment in another way.

c. Father ____ to explain it to me but I just couldnt understand.

d. By helping each other, they ____ to overcome the difficulties.

e. He ____ to do the operation with very little help, but didnt

succeed.

答案及解析：a. managed b. try c. tried d. managed e. tried。try doingsth.意為“(用某一辦法)試著去做某事”；try to do sth.表示“盡力去做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思；manage to do sth.表示設(shè)法做成了某事，經(jīng)過努力達(dá)到了目的。

9. emotion, feeling

a. He had lost all ____ in the left leg.

b. At the very first sight of that door he experienced a peculiar

____.

c. He was chocked with ____.

d. By a masterful effort she controlled her ____.

e. Love, hatred, joy, fear and grief are ____.

答案及解析：a. feeling b. emotion c. emotion d. feelings (emotion) e. emotions。emotion意為“情緒、感情”，常指由于喜、怒、哀、樂等而使感情變化的強(qiáng)烈心情，多指精神上的反應(yīng)。feeling指人生理上受到刺激產(chǎn)生的某種感覺，如痛苦、饑餓等。此外還可引申為“同情”。feeling泛指“感情”時(shí)，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，有時(shí)也與emotion混用。

10. tear down, tear up, tear off, tear at

a. He ____ the wrapping of the parcel.

b. Yuan Shikai openly ____ the constitution.

c. The angry workers ____ the notice from the notice board.

d. Youd better ____ the wall ____; it is dangerous here.

e. He ____ his clothes and jumped into the water to save the boy.

答案及解析：a. tore at b. tore up c. tore down d. tear…down e. tore off。tear down表示“弄倒；拆除；拆毀；扯下”，如代詞作賓語，必須放在tear和down之間；tear up意為“撕毀”，如代詞作賓語，必須放在tear和up之間；tear off意為“急速脫掉，一把扯掉”；tear at意為“用力撕開”。

11. crazy, mad

a. He found a young and beautiful girl obviously ____.

b. Be careful of the ____ dog.

c. It was ____ of you to go skating on such thin ice.

d. He was ____ with drink.

答案及解析：a. mad b. mad c. crazy d. crazy。mad意為“狂，瘋狂，狂熱”，指人完全失去理智而不能自制的瘋子般的狀態(tài)。有時(shí)也指人的愚蠢。crazy意為“發(fā)狂，狂熱”，程度要比mad要輕，指正常人以奇想、憂慮或恐懼等激烈情緒而造成的近乎瘋狂的狀態(tài)。

12. certain, sure

a. I am ____ of his success.

b. It is ____ to rain.

c. He is ____ to come.

d. Im not quite ____ how to do it.

e. Im not ____ whether to go to the party.

f. Im ____ that he will come.

g. It is ____ that your team will win.

h. ——Are you going? ——____.

答案及解析：a. sure/certain b. sure/certain c. sure/certain d. sure/ certain e. sure/certain f. sure/certain g. certain h. Sure。兩個(gè)詞都有“相信，一定，肯定”的意思。相同點(diǎn)：可用于be sure/certain of， be sure/certain to do sth.，be sure/certain+疑問詞或whether+不定式(用人作主語)和be sure/ certain后接從句。不同點(diǎn)：certain可用于It is certain that…結(jié)構(gòu)，而sure不能；sure可作副詞，相當(dāng)于certainly。

13. separate, divide

a. A year ____ into four seasons.

b. He went over and ____ the two boys who were fighting.

c. The Suez Canal ____ Africa from Asia.

d. You can ____ this between (among) you.

e. The two islands ____ by the Irish Sea.

f. They chatted together till midnight and then ____.

答案及解析：a. is divided b. separated c. separates d. divide e. are separated f. separated。動(dòng)詞separate和divide都有“分開”的意思。separate側(cè)重把原來連在一起或靠近的人或物分開，使之隔一段距離。separate與from連用時(shí)，意為“把……和……分隔開來”，separate還可作“分手，離開”解。divide側(cè)重于把一個(gè)整體分成若干部分，其后常有介詞into, among, between等與之搭配。

14. chance, opportunity

a. What a wonderful ____!

b. They had no ____ to escape.

c. I never miss a ____ of playing football.

d. ____ plays an important part in many card games.

e. The ____ are ten to one that we will win.

f. I take this ____ of thanking you.

g. Dont take ____!

答案及解析：a. opportunity b. chance/opportunity c. chance/opportunity d. Chance e. chances f. opportunity g. chances。chance指僥幸的或偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，或無法解釋的“天意”或“命運(yùn)”所安排的時(shí)機(jī)，意為“運(yùn)氣，機(jī)會(huì)”。opportunity指符合人們意向或目的的一般機(jī)會(huì)，或指某一特定時(shí)機(jī)，有利于做某一件事以實(shí)現(xiàn)某種抱負(fù)與愿望，意為“良機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)”。二者?？山粨Q使用。表示偶然性，強(qiáng)調(diào)“命運(yùn)”的安排時(shí)，用chance比opportunity更好。chance還可表示“可能性”，opportunity則不能。另外，take this opportunity是“趁此機(jī)會(huì)”的意思；take a chance是“冒險(xiǎn)，投機(jī)”的意思，不可混淆。

15. dark, darkness

a. It was the goats eyes that he had seen in the ____.

b. The ____ came early.

c. ____ was falling fast.

d. I could see nothing because of the ____.

e. Some girls are afraid of the ____.

答案及解析：a. darkness b. dark c. Darkness d. darkness e. dark。dark作名詞時(shí)與darkness沒有絕對(duì)區(qū)別。dark常與the連用。dark指經(jīng)常情況，darkness指一時(shí)情況，但in the dark也常指一時(shí)的情況。在一些短語中，只能用dark。如：after/before dark天黑以后/前，at dark在傍晚，be(keep, leave sb.)in the dark (about sth.)被(使某人)蒙在鼓里，不告訴別人。