動詞不定式考點透視

動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構(gòu)成形式為“to + 動詞原形”，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點：

A. 具有動詞的特點，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。

B. 具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、表語等。

以下對不定式的熱點考點做簡要的總結(jié)和分析，供同學們復習時參考。

[No. 1] 考查動詞不定式作主語的用法

1. It took my daughter two weeks _____ the novels _____ by Yang Hongying. (2007年山東濰坊)

A. read; written B. to read; written

C. reading; to writeD. to read; write

2. It’s importantthe piano well. (2006年天津)

A. of him to play B. for him to play

C. of him playing D. for him playing

Keys: BB

[簡析] 動詞不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：⑴It takes sb. some time to do sth. ；⑵It’s + adj. + (of sb.) to do sth. ；⑶It’s + adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 。句式⑵中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或品質(zhì)；句式⑶中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞與介詞for搭配，表示不定式動作、行為的性質(zhì)。

[No. 2] 考查動詞不定式作賓語的用法

1. —Mr Wang， I have trouble _____ the text.

—Remember _____ it three times at least. (2007年山東威海)

A. to understand; reading

B. understanding; reading

C. understanding; to read

D. to understand; to read

2. —Li Lei， summer vacation is coming. Where will you go?

—I decide _____ to Mount Emei. (2007年新疆烏魯木齊)

A. goB. will goC. goingD. to go

3. —You forgot the door.

—Oh， _____. I’ll go and close it. (2007年內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)

A. closing; so did I

B. to close; so I did

C. closing; nor did I

D. to close; neither did I

Keys: CDB

[簡析] 在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。

[No. 3] 考查動詞不定式作賓語補足語的用法

1. Alice asked me _____ another bag for her. (2007年北京)

A. getB. gotC. to getD. getting

2. There are some dangerous fishes in this river， and I’ve warned Jack _____ here. (2006年浙江杭州)

A. not to swimB. to not swim

C. swim not toD. to swim not

Keys: CA

[簡析] 動詞不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有ask， tell， want， invite， like， expect， advise， allow， encourage， teach， order， warn， force等。

[No. 4] 考查動詞不定式作定語的用法

1. Children also need time _____. (2006年四川南充)

A. playB. to playC. plays

2. —What about going swimming with me?

—Sorry. I have a lot of homework _____. (2005年新疆)

A. to doB. doneC. doD. to be done

Keys: BA

[簡析] 不定式作定語時，常放在被修飾的詞語之后。如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞。

[No. 5] 考查不帶to的動詞不定式的用法

1. I often see my teacher， Ms Zhao， _____ books in her office. (2006年寧夏)

A. readsB. to readC. readD. is reading

2. Jane likes singing. We often hear her after class.

(2006年河北課改實驗區(qū))

A. singB. to singC. singsD. sang

3. This photo often makes me _____ of my teachers in the primary school.

(2007年吉林)

A. thinkB. to thinkC. thinksD. thinking

4. —Why _____ go to the supermarket with us?

—Sorry， he hasn’t finished his homework yet. (2006年江蘇無錫)

A. not let Tom B. don’t let Tom

C. not let Tom to D. not to let Tom

5. —What about playing football this afternoon， Sam?

—I would rather _____ at home than _____ football. It’s too hot outside.

(2007年江蘇南京)

A. stay; playing B. stay; play

C. to stay; to playD. to stay; playing

6. When you are sleeping， you had better _____ all your windows closed.

(2006年江蘇南通)

A. don’t keepB. not keep

C. no to keepD. not keeping

Keys: CAAABB

[簡析] 在feel， watch， see， notice， hear， look at， listen to等感官動詞和have， let， make等使役動詞后以及在句型Why not...? Could / Would you please...?would rather... than...， had better... 后面都要用不帶to的動詞不定式。

友情提醒：感官動詞和使役動詞后要用不帶to的不定式，但用于被動語態(tài)，不定式作主語補足語時，不定式前必須帶to。

7. —Do you often see William _____ on the playground?

—No， but he is often seen Chinese Kung Fu in the park.

(2007年山東濰坊)

A. run; play B. run; to play

C. running; playD. running; to play

8. Students can’t be made _____ all day. (2007年甘肅六市)

A. studyB. to studyC. of studyD. studied

Keys: BB

[No. 6] 考查動詞不定式作狀語的用法

1. —Linda， I am very thirsty.

—Let’s go to the nearest supermarket _____ some drinks， OK? (2007年重慶)

A. buyB. boughtC. to buyD. buying

2. —What should I do， doctor?

—_____ healthy， you should take more exercise. (2007年江西)

A. KeepB. KeepingC. To keepD. Having kept

Keys: CC

[簡析] 動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，也可以表示結(jié)果或原因。為了強調(diào)目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前面加in order或so as。

[No. 7] 考查“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

1. —I don’t know _____ next.

—You’d better finish your homework first. (2007年青海)

A. what to doB. where to go

C. what to leave

2. There are so many kinds of pens here. I can’t decide _____. (2007年山西)

A. when to choose

B. to choose which

C. which one to choose

Keys: AC

[簡析] 不定式可以和疑問代詞who， what， which或疑問副詞when， where， how， why連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語等。