談高考題解題技巧之單項(xiàng)選擇解題方法

李國勤

單項(xiàng)選擇題是各級(jí)各類英語考試的基本題型。它可以用來考查詞法、句法、慣用法、交際用語等各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，是一種設(shè)題靈活，覆蓋面很廣的多功能題型。做單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí)，首先要全面捕捉題干信息，把握好語言環(huán)境，切中句子意思，然后對各個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較篩選，從中確定最佳答案。本文向你介紹四種“單項(xiàng)選擇題”的解題技巧。

一、利用“有效信息”解題

單項(xiàng)選擇題題干中某些句子或短語會(huì)為選擇答案提供必要信息，它對選擇正確答案起著決定性的作用，我們稱這些句子或短語為“有效信息”。如：

1. Tom ought not to ____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

(NMET 2007)

A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told

分析：句子“but he meant no harm”所提供的信息是“Tom已經(jīng)把你的秘密告訴了我”，故答案為A。如果沒有這個(gè)有效信息，則B也成立。

2. Is this factory ____ we visited last year?

A. that B. one C. the one D. it

分析：解答本題的關(guān)鍵在于確定信息詞“this”在句中作什么成分。由于指示代詞this作定語修飾factory，所以空格處要填表語，只有the one才能滿足要求，故答案為C。

3. The reporter said that the UFO ____ east to west when he saw it.

(NMET 2007)

A. was traveling B. traveled

C. had been traveled D. was to travel

分析：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。我們可從“時(shí)間狀語”入手，尋找信息。該句中的 when he saw it暗示了主句謂語所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故答案為A。

二、利用“英漢語言差異”解題

近年來，日常交際用語仍然是單項(xiàng)選擇題考查的重點(diǎn)之一。而且，這種題許多情況下是以英漢兩種語言表達(dá)習(xí)慣的不同來命題的，解答這類題時(shí)，切記要撇棄中文思維。如：

1. ——Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.

——OK. ____.

A. Take it easy B. Go slowly

C. Stay longer D. See you

分析: 由語境可知：客人要走，主人表示同意……。按英美文化習(xí)慣，地道的表達(dá)應(yīng)當(dāng)是“See you（再見）”。Go slowly（慢走）和Stay longer（再呆會(huì)兒）為中文口語中的習(xí)慣用語，故應(yīng)排除。Take it easy(放松)。所以只能選A。

2. ——Waiter!

——____

——I cant eat this. Its too salty.

A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon?

分析：根據(jù)前后句提供的信息可知該題含義是：顧客用餐時(shí)對菜肴的味道不滿意，叫服務(wù)員前來服務(wù)。All right?（好嗎?）和Pardon?（請?jiān)僬f一遍。）顯然不符合語境。What?（什么？）從字面意義來看，是中文式的表達(dá)。按英美文化習(xí)慣，地道的表達(dá)應(yīng)當(dāng)是Yes, sir?(先生，什么事?)而且要用升調(diào)，故A是最佳答案。

3. ——Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.

——____ Im sure you had a wonderful time.

A. Sounds good! B. Very well.

C. How nice! D. All right.

分析：按英美文化習(xí)慣，此處地道的表達(dá)應(yīng)當(dāng)是How nice!（太好了?。?，故C為最佳答案。

三、利用“語法分析法”解題

單項(xiàng)選擇題常考的語法項(xiàng)目有：時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、句式結(jié)構(gòu)等。這類題許多情況下是放在一定的語言環(huán)境中來進(jìn)行考查的。如果我們能結(jié)合試題的語言環(huán)境，并運(yùn)用語法分析法，就會(huì)使很多難題迎刃而解。如：

1. Lets keep to the point or we ____ any decisions.

A. will never reach B. have never reached

C. never reach D. never reached

分析:本題主要考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)題干為“祈使句+and/or+并列分句”的句型，從而可知此處應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，故A為最佳答案。

2. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

分析:本題考查“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。主句部分是：The English play was a great success。act in the play意為“在戲劇中扮演角色”，故C為最佳答案。

3. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

分析：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。動(dòng)詞find 后可跟復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是-ing形式，過去分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式to be等。如果賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間在邏輯上存在著主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中，常用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)；如果賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間在邏輯上存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，則常用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。用不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),一般僅限于“find sb./sth. to be＋形容詞或名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)上述語法規(guī)則并由題意“如果發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師在廚房里吸煙，他將馬上被解雇?！笨芍狟為最佳答案。

4. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one B. that C. what D. it

分析:仔細(xì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，再由題意“重要的是你的工作能力，而不是你的背景”不難看出此題題干為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：“It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分＋that/who＋句子的其它成分”，本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子主語，故B為最佳答案。

四、利用“標(biāo)點(diǎn)提示”解題

標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)雖小，但可以提供很多信息。例如：疑問句之后要用問號(hào)；感嘆句之后要用感嘆號(hào)；句中有逗號(hào)，可提示此處有可能為“非限制性定語從句”，也有可能為非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語等等。所以，由標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)入手，我們可以確定做單項(xiàng)選擇題的解題思路，從而既快捷又準(zhǔn)確地獲得答案。如：

1. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ____ “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

分析:題意為“我到家時(shí)看見門上別著一張紙條，上面寫著：登門拜訪，未曾謀面?；仡^我將打電話給你?！笨崭裰坝卸禾?hào)，提示你首先可排除read 和reads兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞形式。to read為不定式短語，作目的狀語時(shí)，一般不可與主句隔開，而且此處既非表示目的也非表示結(jié)果。只有reading（在句中作伴隨狀語）符合題意，故D為最佳答案。

2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which C. this D. what

分析:題意為“Dorothy總是過高地評價(jià)她在劇中角色的作用，這當(dāng)然會(huì)使劇組里別的人不高興?！眔f course是插入語?？崭裰坝卸禾?hào)，提示你空白處需要填引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。 this 和 what都不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，who不符合題意，故B為最佳答案。

以上給大家提供了四條高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題的解題技巧，希望對同學(xué)們會(huì)有幫助。此外，需要提醒大家的是：我們在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中還要注意學(xué)會(huì)從各個(gè)不同的側(cè)面對試題，特別是對自己做錯(cuò)的題進(jìn)行分析、總結(jié)，這對提高大家的解題能力是大有裨益的。

鞏固性練習(xí)

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1. ——Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

——I dont know, ____.

A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care

C. I dont care, neither D. I dont care also

2. He is interested in playing football. ____ his brother and me.

A. So do B. So are C. So it is with D. Nor do

3. Few buildings in the area ____ the war.

A. left B. survived C. remained D. escaped

4. ____ it rains tomorrow, I will get there on time.

A. Even though B. As if C. As long as D. As soon as

5. Our Premier always ____ happiness and sorrow ____ the people.

A. shares; to B. shares in; with

C. shares in; to D. was shares; with

6. Do you know the difficulty he had ____ the family?

A. supported B. supporting C. to support D. support

7. Theres plenty of rain in the southeast, ____ theres little in the

northwest.

A. once B. then C. while D. if

8. A lot of advanced equipment ____ this factory.

A. has brought in B. was brought in in

C. were brought in D. was given in in

9. You have hardly changed these years. How did you manage to ____ so young?

A. become B. turn C. make D. stay

10. Hurry up! The plane is about to ____.

A. put off B. take off C. go off D. see off

11. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ____ have come, but why didnt you?

A. must B. might C. should D. need

12. The music teacher with a lot of teaching ____ bought a lot of musical ____ yesterday.

A. experiences; equipment B. experience; equipment

C. experiences; equipments D. experience; equipments

13. She was knocked down by a car and her shouts ____ the attention of the police.

A. pulled B. dragged C. drew D. seized

14. He ____ Alice for three years.

A. married to B. has married to

C. has married D. has been married to

15. The boy, ____ mother played a leading role in a famous film, was my classmate.

A. his B. whose C. who D. that

Key(5)