現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)“大放送”
2007-04-12 00:00:00陳飛
初中生世界·八年級 2007年3期
考點(diǎn)一: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“助動詞have /has + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其否定式是在助動詞have/has后加not； 一般疑問句是將助動詞have/has移至句首。若肯定句中有already，在變成否定句、疑問句時(shí)應(yīng)將其改成yet。
牽手中考：
1. In the last several years we _______（set）up many new factories in our home
-town. （2006年江蘇省鹽城市）
2. —What do you think of the new book by Han Han?
—Wonderful! I _______（never read）such a good book before. （2006年江蘇省連云港市）
3.Liu Yiting _______（change）a lot since she entered Harvard University. （2006年甘肅省蘭州市）
4. — _______ you _______（pay）for your shoes yet?
— Yes. They only cost me fifty dollars. （2006年江蘇省南通市）
考點(diǎn)二：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法一
表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響，常和just， already， yet等狀語連用。
牽手中考：
5. —Do you want to see the film “Harry Potter II”?
—The film “Harry Potter II”? I _______ it. It’s really wonderful. （2006年浙江省溫州市）
A. seeB. have seenC. was seeingD. had seen
6. —Where’s Sam? —He _______ for France．（2006年江蘇省泰州市）
A．had leftB．has leftC．leftD．will leave
7.—Is that Chris speaking?
—Sorry， he isn’t in. He _______ abroad on business. （2006年安徽省課程改革實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)）
A. goesB. wentC. has goneD. will go
8.—Would you like to see the film with me?
—I’m sorry I _______ it twice. （2006年北京市）
A. seeB. will seeC. have seenD. am seeing
9. She ought to stop _______ ，she has a headache because she _______ too long. （2006年甘肅省蘭州市）
A. to work， was reading B. to work， has read
C. working， has readD. working， read
考點(diǎn)三：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法二
表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 如： these days， since two months ago， since 1995， for a long time， so far， up to now， till/until now 等。表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞。
注意：
1.常見的短暫性動詞和與其意義相近的延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的“be +形容詞（副詞、分詞、名詞、 介詞短語）”結(jié)構(gòu)對比。
2.完成時(shí)態(tài)中的時(shí)間狀語“for + 一段時(shí)間”， “since + 過去時(shí)間”， “since + 一段時(shí)間 + ago” 間的替換。
3.“It has been /is+ 一段時(shí)間 + since + 過去時(shí)間或從句（從句謂語時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)）”。
牽手中考：
10. — Will you watch the World Cup match this year? （2006年浙江省杭州市）
—No， but I _______ several World Cup matches since I was a small child.
A. had seen B. seeC. was seeing D. have seen
11. The life we were used to_______ greatly since 1992. （2006年江蘇省蘇州市）
A. change B. has changedC. changingD. have changed
12. My father _______ on business for two weeks. He’ll return in 3 days. （2006年河北省課程改革實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)）
A. leftB. has leftC. has goneD. has been away
13. — Your bike looks nice. Is it new?
—No， I _______ it for two months. （2006年湖北省武漢市）
A. have hadB. had boughtC. would buy
14. — How long has he _______ the dictionary?
— For two years. （2006年湖北省宜昌市）
A. borrowed B. lent C. hadD. bought
15. —I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long .
—Never mind. I _______ here for only a few minutes. （2006年遼寧省沈陽市）
A. have been B. have come C. have arrivedD. waited
16. —How long _______ the film KING KONG ?
—For just several minutes. （2006年黑龍江省哈爾濱市）
A. did， beginB. has， begunC. has， been on
考點(diǎn)四：have/has gone to和have/has been to的區(qū)別
have/has been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了”，have/has gone to表示“已經(jīng)去某地了，現(xiàn)在不在這里”。
牽手中考：
17. — I want to return the book to Jack， but I can’t find him.
— He _______ the library. You can find him there. （2006年江蘇省南通市）
A. has been toB. has gone toC. has leftD. went to
18. —I _______ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?
—Never. I hope to visit it soon. （2006年福建省福州市課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)）
A. have gone toB. have been toC. have goneD. have been
考點(diǎn)五：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況；而一般過去時(shí)則只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。所以，表示過去的時(shí)間狀語只能和一般過去時(shí)連用，而不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
牽手中考：
19. —Scott has already returned to our town.
—Really? Where _______ you _______ him?（2006年四川省成都市）
A. do; see B. have; seenC. did; see
20. —Mr. Johnson， we have found your watch.
—My watch！Thank you. Where _______ it? （2006年浙江省紹興市）
A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding
