“三不沾”這道菜,你是否聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)?在小紅書(shū)的熱門(mén)分享中,你是否曾偶遇過(guò)它的身影?又或許已被它吸引,去打卡體驗(yàn)過(guò)呢?“三不沾”又名“桂花蛋”,外形似糕非糕、似粥非粥,口感軟綿柔嫩,老幼皆宜。
“三不沾”的身世成謎,來(lái)源已不可考。有一種流傳的說(shuō)法認(rèn)為,這道菜品起源于清代,還是道宮廷御菜。據(jù)傳,乾隆皇帝品嘗后贊不絕口,因見(jiàn)其不沾盤(pán)、不沾筷子、不沾牙,遂欣然賜予它“三不沾”這一樸素而貼切的名字。因其色澤金黃、形態(tài)圓潤(rùn)且口感絲滑,這道菜又被賦予了圓滿(mǎn)和順、吉祥如意的寓意。隨著時(shí)間的推移,這道菜從宮廷傳入民間,逐漸演變成一道深受大眾喜愛(ài)的傳統(tǒng)美食。時(shí)至今日,“三不沾”已成為魯菜中的經(jīng)典之作,在北京老字號(hào)魯菜館同和居,它赫然位列必點(diǎn)菜單之上。
“三不沾”配料簡(jiǎn)單,僅需雞蛋黃、油、糖、淀粉這些基礎(chǔ)食材,但要烹制好這道佳肴,卻需花費(fèi)大量功夫和心力,極其考驗(yàn)廚師的烹飪技藝和對(duì)力道、火候的精準(zhǔn)把控。在制作“三不沾”的過(guò)程中,廚師需要不間斷地捶打、攪拌,這是成就其細(xì)膩不粘的關(guān)鍵所在。捶打的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)、次數(shù)越多,成品的質(zhì)地才能越細(xì)膩、越柔韌,達(dá)到糯而不散的效果。烹飪時(shí),鍋中不放油,而是邊炒邊加油,整個(gè)過(guò)程需靈活調(diào)整火候,講究文火快炒,以保證色澤金黃。火候過(guò)大,糖易焦煳;火候不足,淀粉易夾生。精準(zhǔn)火候掌控下最終成型的“三不沾”,扣在素白淺盤(pán)里,宛如荷包蛋一樣,光滑圓潤(rùn),形如凝脂,不緊不散,干凈利落。最后配以枸杞、葡萄干、桂花等擺盤(pán),就可上桌了。
近來(lái),不少網(wǎng)友“種草”了“三不沾”,因其原料簡(jiǎn)單易得,紛紛在家嘗試,“翻車(chē)”的案例卻不在少數(shù),究其原因,不外乎比例、力道、火候的因素。如今,愿意做這道菜的魯菜館越來(lái)越少了,只因費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力還賣(mài)不上價(jià)錢(qián),且對(duì)廚師技藝要求又高,稍有不慎便會(huì)導(dǎo)致制作失敗。
現(xiàn)在,“三不沾”更多地以甜品的身份亮相。品嘗時(shí),搭配清新的水果或果汁,不僅能解膩,還能增添口感的豐富性和層次感。此外,在節(jié)日慶典或家庭聚餐時(shí),“三不沾”無(wú)疑能成為一道引人注目的美味,為餐桌增添一份特別的雅致與甜蜜。
為了順應(yīng)現(xiàn)代人對(duì)低油、低糖健康飲食方式的追求,部分餐館對(duì)“三不沾”做了減油、減糖處理,并結(jié)合市場(chǎng)反饋和年輕人口味,加入桂花、榴蓮等元素,使這道傳統(tǒng)美食煥發(fā)新生,得以廣泛傳播。改良后的“三不沾”不僅展現(xiàn)了廚師的精湛技藝,更展示了中華飲食文化的獨(dú)特魅力。
如今,“三不沾”已超越了單純小吃甜點(diǎn)的范疇,更像是一條從歷史穿越而來(lái)的情感紐帶、一個(gè)承載著深厚文化底蘊(yùn)的符號(hào)。在享受這道美食時(shí),人們不僅在它的柔軟細(xì)膩、糯滑香甜中感受與家人朋友的團(tuán)聚圓滿(mǎn),而且仿佛能夠穿越時(shí)空,與歷史上曾經(jīng)品嘗過(guò)這道美食的前輩們進(jìn)行一次對(duì)話。
編輯/郭蓓蓓
The source of “Sanbuzhan” (a dish made of egg, lard and flour) is unverifiable. It is said that the dish originated in the late Qing Dynasty, and was a royal dish. According to legend, Emperor Qianlong praised the dish profusely after tasting it, and then gave it the simple and apt name “Sanbuzhan” because it did not stick to plates, teeth or chopsticks.
“Sanbuzhan” is made of simple ingredients, including egg yolk, oil, sugar, water, and starch. However, this dish requires a lot of ef- fort, and places high demands on a cook’s culinary skills and precise control on strength and heat. In the cooking process of “Sanbuzhan”, cooks should keep beating and mixing the ingredients. This is the key to fineness and non-stickiness. Longer mixing and more beating can bring more delicate and pliable finished products, and achieve the effect of being waxy and non-dispersed. In the cooking process, quick-frying over gentle heat is required so as to ensure a golden yellow dish.
To conform to the modern people’s pursuit of a low-oil and low-sugar diet, some restaurants reduced the oil and sugar contents of “Sanbuzhan”, and added such elements as sweet-scented osmanthus and durian according to market feedback and young people’s taste, thereby bringing new life to this traditional dish and making it spread widely. Improved “Sanbuzhan” not only demonstrates cooks’superb skills, but also showcases the unique charm of the Chinese food culture.