History of Recreational Fishing休閑釣魚發(fā)展史

Recreational fishing （also known as sport fishing） is fishing， not for food or profit but for pleasure or competition. As such is a pastime of people since the 15th century. It is done with a rod， reel， line， hooks and lures or baits and is commonly known as “angling”.

休閑釣魚（也稱為釣魚運(yùn)動(dòng)）是一種并非為了獲取食物或利潤(rùn)，而以娛樂或競(jìng)賽為目的的釣魚活動(dòng)。因此，自15世紀(jì)以來，它就是人們的一種消遣方式。它是用釣竿、繞線軸、魚線、魚鉤和誘餌或餌料來進(jìn)行的，通常被稱為“垂釣”。

When and where recreational fishing began—we don’t know for sure. Ancient civilizations gave us proof of how they fished for fun. People in places like Egypt， Greece， and Rome loved fishing not just for food but also as a hobby.

我們無法確切知道休閑釣魚始自何時(shí)何地。有證據(jù)表明，古代文明的人曾經(jīng)為了娛樂而釣魚。埃及、希臘和羅馬等地的人們熱愛釣魚，不僅為了獲取食物，更將其視為一種愛好。

In Egypt， both rich and poor folks enjoyed fishing. They used simple tools like reed poles and linen lines in the Nile. Even wall drawings from their tombs show people fishing joyfully.

在埃及，無論貧富，人們都喜歡釣魚。他們使用蘆葦桿和亞麻線等簡(jiǎn)單工具在尼羅河垂釣。連他們墓室的壁畫也展示了人們愉快地釣魚的場(chǎng)景。

The Greeks were also pretty good at fishing. They used bronze hooks and had different baits ready. Their art and stories often featured fishing， showing that it was a big deal in their culture.

希臘人也相當(dāng)擅長(zhǎng)釣魚。他們使用青銅魚鉤，并有各種現(xiàn)成的餌料。他們的藝術(shù)和傳說經(jīng)常以釣魚為主題，說明這在他們的文化中占據(jù)了重要的一席之地。

Then came the Romans， who elevated fishing to a higher level. They built fancy fishing ponds and tried out fly fishing. For the rich Romans， fishing was a peaceful break from the city.

之后是羅馬人，他們將釣魚提升到了更高層次。他們建造了精美的釣魚池，并嘗試飛釣。對(duì)于富有的羅馬人來說，釣魚是一種遠(yuǎn)離城市獲取寧靜的休息方式。

The Renaissance era changed how people viewed sport fishing. It shifted from being a need to something people did for fun. Fishing practices， tools， and people’s thoughts about this activity changed.

文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期改變了人們對(duì)釣魚運(yùn)動(dòng)的看法。釣魚從一項(xiàng)需求轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿藗優(yōu)榱藰啡ざM(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。釣魚的方式、工具以及人們對(duì)這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的看法都發(fā)生了變化。

By the 15th century， the nobles and upper classes were getting into fishing. They marked it as a high-class hobby. This new view fueled advancements in how people fish and the gear they used.

到了15世紀(jì)，貴族和上層社會(huì)開始參與釣魚。他們視釣魚為一項(xiàng)高雅的愛好。這種新觀念推動(dòng)了釣魚方式和漁具的發(fā)展。

Fishing gear became more advanced， with better rods and lines. Anglers began to use reels. This made fishing both more fun and harder—just the way enthusiasts liked it.

漁具更加先進(jìn)，出現(xiàn)了更好的釣竿和魚線。垂釣者們開始使用繞線軸。這一切令釣魚更有趣也更難——而這正是愛好者們所喜歡的。

During the Renaissance， fishing literature also changed. Writers started publishing detailed books on fishing. They covered things like how to fish， what fish you could catch， and where the best fishing spots were. These guides were a big help to anyone wanting to fish.

在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，釣魚文獻(xiàn)也發(fā)生了變化。作家們開始出版關(guān)于釣魚的詳細(xì)書籍，內(nèi)容涵蓋了如何釣魚、能釣到哪些魚，以及哪里有最好的釣魚點(diǎn)等等。這些指南對(duì)任何想要釣魚的人都大有幫助。

The first English text that had as a theme fishing as recreation appeared in 1496 so it is safe to say that sport fishing was popular in Europe before that. This text was “Treatyse of Fysshynge wyth an Angle”1 and was a part of book called “Boke of Saint Albans”2 which was written by Dame Juliana Berners and has as a theme hawking， hunting， and heraldry. It is known that Dame Juliana Berners was a noblewoman and that she was brought up at court. She adopted the monastic life， but that didn’t distance her from her love of hawking， hunting and fishing. She wrote about them in The Book of Saint Albans.

第一份以休閑釣魚為主題的英文文字材料出現(xiàn)于1496年。因此可以肯定地說，在那之前，釣魚運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在歐洲流行起來。這份名為《垂釣指南》的文本是《圣阿爾班斯書》的一部分，全書由朱麗安娜·伯納斯夫人撰寫，主題涉及鷹獵、狩獵和紋章學(xué)。據(jù)說朱麗安娜·伯納斯夫人是一位在宮廷中長(zhǎng)大的貴族女性。她過著修道生活，但并未放棄對(duì)于鷹獵、狩獵和釣魚運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱愛。她在《圣阿爾班斯書》中撰寫了關(guān)于這些活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容。

During the Industrial Revolution， fishing gear improved greatly. Factories made cheap but good rods and reels. Fishers no longer used horsehair for lines. Instead， they switched to silk for stronger， more flexible lines. This change made fishing easier and more fun for everyone.

漁具在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期得到了極大的完善。工廠生產(chǎn)出質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)廉的釣竿和繞線軸。垂釣者們不再使用馬鬃來做魚線，而是采用了更結(jié)實(shí)也更柔韌的絲線。這些變化使得釣魚對(duì)所有人來說都更容易也更有趣。

As people worked less， they had more chances for hobbies like fishing. Plus， with more trains around， anglers could go to new fishing spots pretty quickly. Together， these things made fishing a beloved pastime for many.

隨著人們的工作量減少，他們有了更多機(jī)會(huì)參與釣魚等業(yè)余愛好。此外，隨著火車的增多，垂釣者能夠很快到達(dá)新的釣魚地點(diǎn)。這些因素共同作用，使得釣魚成為許多人喜愛的消遣方式。

In the 19th century， fishing clubs started popping up in Britain and America. These clubs really helped make fishing a sport. They held contests， shared fishing tips， and worked on saving fish and their habitats.

19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)和美國(guó)開始涌現(xiàn)許多釣魚俱樂部。這些俱樂部大力推動(dòng)釣魚成為一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。各個(gè)俱樂部舉辦比賽，分享釣魚技巧，并致力于保護(hù)魚類及其棲息地。

The 19th century was a big turning point for sport fishing. During the Victorian era， more people started to fish for fun. Changes in society and having more free time helped fishing become very popular.

19世紀(jì)是釣魚運(yùn)動(dòng)的一個(gè)巨大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。在維多利亞時(shí)代，越來越多的人以垂釣為樂。社會(huì)變化以及閑暇時(shí)間的增加促使釣魚變得極為流行。

Books were a big part of making fishing well-liked. For example， Izaak Walton wrote “The Compleat Angler.”3 This book moved many people to start fishing. It showed fishing as something good for anyone wanting to feel close to nature.

書籍在推廣釣魚這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)方面也發(fā)揮了很大的作用。例如，艾薩克·沃爾頓撰寫了《釣客清話》。這本書吸引了很多人開始釣魚，它將釣魚描繪成一種對(duì)于任何想要親近自然的人都十分有益的活動(dòng)。

But fishing’s popularity wasn’t just because of books. New fishing gear made it easier and more fun to fish. Reels got better， letting people cast their line further and with more control. Also， there were more artificial flies and lures to choose from.

不過釣魚的流行也不僅僅是因?yàn)闀?。新式漁具使釣魚更容易也更有趣。經(jīng)過改進(jìn)的繞線輪能讓人們把魚線甩得更遠(yuǎn)，更易掌控。此外還有更多種類的人造魚餌可供選擇。

Transport also played a big role. Trains made it easy for city people to get to the countryside to fish， leading to the formation of more fishing groups. The fishing community became lively and fun.

交通也起到了重要作用。火車讓城市居民能夠輕松前往鄉(xiāng)村釣魚，從而促使更多的釣魚團(tuán)體形成。釣魚群體變得更活躍、更有樂趣。

“To go fishing is the chance to wash one’s soul with pure air， with the rush of the brook， or with the shimmer of sun on blue water.”

“清新的空氣、奔流的小溪，還有蔚藍(lán)水面上閃爍的陽光，使釣魚成為一個(gè)洗滌人們心靈的機(jī)會(huì)。”

This quote by Herbert Hoover4 shows what fishing in the Victorian era was like. It wasn’t just about fish. It was about feeling close to nature and finding peace away from a busy， industrial world.

赫伯特·胡佛的這句話展現(xiàn)了維多利亞時(shí)代的釣魚情形。釣魚不僅僅是為了漁獲，更是為了親近自然，在繁忙的工業(yè)世界之外尋求安寧。

1這里的Fysshynge是古英語中“釣魚”的意思，而wyth an angle指的是使用釣竿（或釣具）進(jìn)行垂釣。" 2編寫于15世紀(jì)晚期，是英國(guó)早期印刷書籍的重要示例。

3英國(guó)著名作家艾薩克·沃爾頓于1653年出版的一本關(guān)于垂釣的對(duì)話體書籍。書中描述了垂釣的樂趣和技巧、魚的種類以及烹飪方法，被奉為“垂釣者的《圣經(jīng)》”。

4美國(guó)第31任總統(tǒng)。