摘要:目的 探究血清辣椒素受體1(TRPV1)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶抑制劑4(TIMP4)、轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1(TGF-β1)水平對(duì)良性陣發(fā)性位置性眩暈(BPPV)患者疾病復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。方法 選取BPPV患者326例為BPPV組,同期健康體檢者357例為對(duì)照組;根據(jù)BPPV患者復(fù)位治療1年后的復(fù)發(fā)情況分為未復(fù)發(fā)組(264例)和復(fù)發(fā)組(62例)。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)患者血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平。多因素Logistic回歸分析BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線評(píng)估TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平對(duì)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。結(jié)果 BPPV組血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平低于對(duì)照組,TGF-β1水平高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);復(fù)發(fā)組血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平低于未復(fù)發(fā)組,TGF-β1水平高于未復(fù)發(fā)組(P<0.05)。血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平降低,TGF-β1水平升高是BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1及三者聯(lián)合預(yù)測(cè)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.795(95%CI:0.748~0.838)、0.803(95%CI:0.756~0.845)、0.810(95%CI:0.764~0.851)和0.945(95%CI:0.914~0.967),三者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值優(yōu)于單獨(dú)預(yù)測(cè)。結(jié)論 血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平是BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立影響因素,三者聯(lián)合對(duì)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值更高。
關(guān)鍵詞:眩暈;TRPV陽(yáng)離子通道;基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶抑制劑;轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1;復(fù)發(fā)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R764.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20241988
The evaluation value of serum TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels in predicting recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
HU Lao, ZHANG Cheng, HU Zhijun△
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
△Corresponding Author E-mail: huzhijunls@163.com
Abstract: Objective To explore the predictive value of serum levels of capsaicin receptor 1 (TRPV1), matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 (TIMP4) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) for disease recurrence in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods A total of 326 BPPV patients were selected and used as the BPPV group, and 357 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected and used as the control group. According to the recurrence status of BPPV patients after 1 year of reduction treatment, patients were divided into the non recurrence group (264 cases) and the recurrence group (62 cases). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 in patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze influencing factors of recurrence in BPPV patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TRPV1, TIMP4, and TGF-1 levels for recurrence in BPPV patients. Results TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower in the BPPV group than those in the control group, while TGF-β1 was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The TGF-β1 score in the recurrence group were higher than those in the non recurrence group, while TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower than those in the non recurrence group (P<0.05). Serum TRPV1 and TIMP4 levels were lower in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group, and TGF-1 levels were higher in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group (P<0.05). The decreased serum levels of TRPV1 and TIMP4 were risk factors for recurrence in BPPV patients (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of TRPV1, TIMP4, TGF-β1 and their combined prediction of recurrence in BPPV patients were 0.795 (95%CI: 0.748-0.838), 0.803 (95%CI: 0.756-0.845), 0.810 (95%CI: 0.764-0.851) and 0.945 (95%CI: 0.914-0.967), respectively. The combined detection value of TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels were better than that of single detection in predicting the recurrence in BPPV patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 are independent factors affecting the recurrence of BPPV patients, and the combination of the three has a higher predictive value for the recurrence of BPPV patients.
Key words: vertigo; TRPV cation channels; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; transforming growth factor beta1; recurrence
良性陣發(fā)性位置性眩暈(BPPV)指在重力方向上,頭部位置改變引起的眩暈發(fā)作[1]。大多數(shù)BPPV患者通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)亩址◤?fù)位可獲得較好的療效,但該病易復(fù)發(fā),嚴(yán)重影響患者身體健康[2]。BPPV的病因尚未明確,炎癥及氧化應(yīng)激和代謝性疾病可能與其發(fā)病機(jī)制密切相關(guān)[3]。辣椒素受體1(TRPV1)是一種Ca2+可滲透的、非選擇性陽(yáng)離子通道,主要表達(dá)于感覺(jué)神經(jīng)纖維(無(wú)髓鞘C神經(jīng)纖維和小直徑有髓A神經(jīng)纖維)中[4]。TRPV1與自身免疫性疾病密切相關(guān),可作為抗炎和鎮(zhèn)痛治療的潛在靶點(diǎn)[5]?;|(zhì)金屬蛋白酶抑制劑4(TIMP4)與神經(jīng)病變相關(guān),其水平變化與海馬體體積和內(nèi)皮層厚度變化相關(guān),影響大腦發(fā)育[6]。轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1(TGF-β1)是一種多功能細(xì)胞因子,在人體免疫應(yīng)答中起著重要作用,且在突觸形成、可塑性、神經(jīng)血管以及中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用[7]。目前有關(guān)TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1在BPPV中的研究報(bào)道尚少見(jiàn)。本研究旨在探討TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1與BPPV患者疾病嚴(yán)重程度及復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選擇2018年1月—2023年3月在本院診治的BPPV患者326例作為BPPV組,其中男162例,女164例,年齡44~65歲,平均(54.56±10.87)歲。另?yè)裢诒驹航】刁w檢者357例為對(duì)照組,其中男184例,女173例,年齡44~67歲,平均(55.21±11.58)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合BPPV相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8];(2)近期未服用激素類(lèi)藥物。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)腦卒中等其他疾病引起的眩暈;(2)重要臟器功能不全者;(3)惡性腫瘤;(4)有重大手術(shù)史。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):KYLL201712037),并獲受試者或家屬知情同意。
1.2 研究方法 取受試者空腹肘靜脈血5 mL,4 ℃、" " " " " " " " 3 500 r/min離心10 min后,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)患者血清TRPV1(購(gòu)自MYBioSource)、TIMP4(購(gòu)自Abcam)、TGF-β1(購(gòu)自威奧生物)水平,嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行操作。全自動(dòng)生化分析儀(購(gòu)自博科生物,BK-600)檢測(cè)白蛋白(Alb)、肌酐(Cre)、血尿素氮(BUN)、總膽固醇(TC)水平。
1.3 隨訪觀察 BPPV患者復(fù)位治療成功后,進(jìn)行為期1年的隨訪觀察,每月進(jìn)行1次電話或門(mén)診隨訪,若患者出現(xiàn)短暫性眩暈或眼球震顫,并經(jīng)位置實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)(患者仰臥,檢查者站在患者的側(cè)方,讓患者將前額部向前、后、左、右傾斜45°,再向健側(cè)翻滾,患者出現(xiàn)頭暈或者眩暈的感覺(jué))則為復(fù)發(fā)。本研究患者中復(fù)發(fā)組62例,未復(fù)發(fā)組264例。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 25.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。計(jì)量資料以[x]±s表示,2組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例或例(%)表示,2組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);多因素Logistic回歸分析BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線評(píng)估TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平對(duì)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,曲線下面積(AUC)比較采用Delong檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 BPPV組與對(duì)照組臨床資料比較 2組的性別、年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、吸煙史、飲酒史比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。BPPV組血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平低于對(duì)照組,TGF-β1水平高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 復(fù)發(fā)組與未復(fù)發(fā)組臨床資料比較 2組性別、年齡、BMI、吸煙史、飲酒史以及聽(tīng)力、前庭功能、耳鳴、一次復(fù)位成功、出現(xiàn)殘余癥狀、過(guò)度疲勞比例差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 復(fù)發(fā)組與未復(fù)發(fā)組TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1水平比較 復(fù)發(fā)組患者血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平低于未復(fù)發(fā)組,TGF-β1水平高于未復(fù)發(fā)組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的影響因素分析 以BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)情況為因變量(0=未復(fù)發(fā),1=復(fù)發(fā)),以血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平為自變量,行多因素Logistic回歸分析。結(jié)果顯示,血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平降低,TGF-β1水平升高是BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
2.5 血清TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1水平對(duì)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值 血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1聯(lián)合預(yù)測(cè)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的AUC高于單獨(dú)預(yù)測(cè)(Z分別為6.531、4.950、5.294,P<0.001);三者聯(lián)合對(duì)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值優(yōu)于單獨(dú)預(yù)測(cè),見(jiàn)圖1、表5。
3 討論
BPPV由內(nèi)耳半規(guī)管中的游離晶體(耳石)引起,是繼發(fā)于頭部和身體運(yùn)動(dòng)的短暫眩暈癥狀的最常見(jiàn)原因,躺平或改變姿勢(shì)是BPPV一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的誘發(fā)因素[9-10]。BPPV的癥狀通常持續(xù)數(shù)秒至數(shù)分鐘,并伴有頭部運(yùn)動(dòng)、頸部運(yùn)動(dòng)或軀體位置變化,可能發(fā)生神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)紊亂[11]。BPPV的特點(diǎn)是反復(fù)性眩暈和眼球震顫陽(yáng)性,并有較高的跌倒、骨折、高血壓和癡呆風(fēng)險(xiǎn),另外,BPPV在眩暈時(shí)會(huì)引起身體和心理上的痛苦,嚴(yán)重降低了患者的生活質(zhì)量[12]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,許多患者反復(fù)經(jīng)歷BPPV發(fā)作,增加了其他疾?。ü琴|(zhì)疏松、內(nèi)耳疾病等)的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并可造成嚴(yán)重的睡眠障礙[13]。因此,尋求與BPPV復(fù)發(fā)關(guān)系密切的生物標(biāo)志物,對(duì)BPPV患者及時(shí)治療、避免反復(fù)發(fā)作、降低并發(fā)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及提高生活質(zhì)量具有重要意義。
TRPV1在大腦、皮膚、內(nèi)臟、肌肉、腸道和胰腺中均有廣泛的表達(dá),TRPV1形成一個(gè)同型四聚體通道結(jié)構(gòu),可通過(guò)各種物理和化學(xué)刺激激活。近年有研究表明,TRPV1可調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)炎癥,與神經(jīng)退行性疾病密切相關(guān)[14];還可調(diào)節(jié)自噬,防止泡沫細(xì)胞的形成,減少動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化中炎性因子的釋放[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,BPPV患者血清TRPV1水平低于對(duì)照組,復(fù)發(fā)組血清TRPV1水平低于未復(fù)發(fā)組,且血清TRPV1水平降低是BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素,提示TRPV1水平降低可增加患者BPPV復(fù)發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。TRPV1通道是一種影響線粒體功能的有害信號(hào)傳感器,其可影響患者的睡眠和情緒[16]。推測(cè)TRPV1水平降低可導(dǎo)致線粒體功能障礙,使患者頭暈、不良情緒加重,睡眠變差,BPPV反復(fù)發(fā)作。
基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMP)是一類(lèi)膜結(jié)合的鋅依賴(lài)性內(nèi)皮酶類(lèi),能夠降解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)和基底膜成分,可導(dǎo)致組織破壞、疾病擴(kuò)散及致死,是疾病嚴(yán)重程度的重要標(biāo)志物,而基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶抑制劑能夠有效降低MMP水平,抑制疾病進(jìn)展[17]。有研究表明,基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶抑制劑2在BPPV發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中具有重要作用,且對(duì)疾病診斷具有一定的參考價(jià)值[18]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,BPPV組血清TIMP4水平低于對(duì)照組,復(fù)發(fā)組血清TIMP4水平低于未復(fù)發(fā)組,且血清TIMP4水平降低是BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素,提示TIMP4可能通過(guò)抑制MMP水平來(lái)減少組織損傷并遏制疾病擴(kuò)散。因此,TIMP4水平降低可能導(dǎo)致MMP對(duì)細(xì)胞和組織的損害增加,進(jìn)而增加BPPV復(fù)發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
TGF-β1是一種多功能的生長(zhǎng)因子,在調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)育、組織修復(fù)以及疾病進(jìn)程等過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。在大腦中,TGF-β1被廣泛認(rèn)為是一種與傷害有關(guān)的細(xì)胞因子,特別是與星形細(xì)胞瘢痕形成有關(guān)的大腦損傷[19]。除此之外,TGF-β1還可能是細(xì)胞存活和分化、腦內(nèi)平衡、血管生成、記憶形成和神經(jīng)元可塑性的重要調(diào)節(jié)因子,對(duì)大腦的學(xué)習(xí)、記憶和認(rèn)知功能有重要影響,可能是神經(jīng)疾病治療的新靶點(diǎn)[20]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,BPPV組血清TGF-β1水平高于對(duì)照組,復(fù)發(fā)組血清TGF-β1水平高于未復(fù)發(fā)組,且血清TGF-β1水平升高是BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,提示TGF-β1可能通過(guò)影響腦細(xì)胞存活,破壞大腦功能,導(dǎo)致患者神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)紊亂,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)BPPV進(jìn)展。另外,本研究結(jié)果顯示,TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值優(yōu)于單獨(dú)預(yù)測(cè),提示三者可作為預(yù)測(cè)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的生物標(biāo)志物,對(duì)臨床具有一定的指導(dǎo)作用。
綜上所述,BPPV患者血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平降低,TGF-β1水平升高,三者均是BPPV復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立影響因素,三者聯(lián)合對(duì)BPPV患者復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值較高。然而TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1參與BPPV進(jìn)展的分子機(jī)制尚不明確,需進(jìn)一步探索。
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(2024-12-05收稿 2025-01-13修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)
作者單位:湖南航天醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科(郵編410000)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:胡烙(1980),男,主治醫(yī)師,主要從事耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科常見(jiàn)病、多發(fā)病研究。E-mail:huh1233@163.com
△通信作者 E-mail:huzhijunls@163.com
引用本文:胡烙,章程,胡志軍. 血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平對(duì)良性陣發(fā)性位置性眩暈復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[J]. 天津醫(yī)藥,2025,53(3):267-271. HU L, ZHANG C, HU Z J. The evaluation value of serum TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels in predicting recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo[J]. Tianjin Med J,2025,53(3):267-271. doi:10.11958/20241988.