摘要:【目的】利用葡萄自然群體對已有9個(gè)無核分子標(biāo)記進(jìn)行評價(jià),驗(yàn)證其無核檢測通用性效果,為加快無核葡萄新品種選育進(jìn)程提供技術(shù)支持?!痉椒ā恳?8個(gè)無核種質(zhì)和120個(gè)有核種質(zhì)組成的自然群體為試材,對國內(nèi)外已發(fā)表的9個(gè)常用葡萄無核分子標(biāo)記進(jìn)行通用性驗(yàn)證?!窘Y(jié)果】SCAR類型標(biāo)記GSLP1-569、SCC8-1080和SCF27-2000的鑒定準(zhǔn)確率分別為57.12%、72.20%和75.38%,無核檢測率分別為90.51%、79.18%和67.82%。SSR類型標(biāo)記p1-VvAGL11、p2-VvAGL11、p3-VvAGL11、5U_VviAGL11、VMC7F2和VVSD10的鑒定準(zhǔn)確率分別是88.47%、67.43%、71.94%、68.47%、67.99%和61.60%,無核檢測率分別是87.74%、77.22%、90.72%、90.80%、79.10%和63.03%;卡方分析表明與無核表型極顯著相關(guān)的等位點(diǎn)分別是250 bp、171 bp、195 bp、315 bp、197 bp和105 bp。【結(jié)論】SCAR標(biāo)記SCF27-2000和SSR標(biāo)記p1-VvAGL11準(zhǔn)確率高,綜合表現(xiàn)最優(yōu),適用于無核葡萄新品種的分子輔助選擇。
關(guān)鍵詞:葡萄;無核;分子標(biāo)記;準(zhǔn)確率;驗(yàn)證
中圖分類號:S663.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號:1009-9980(2024)07-1438-
Validation of the generality of molecular markers for seedless fruit ingrape
ZHANG Quan1,2,LIU Chonghuai2,F(xiàn)AN Xiucai2,ZHANG Ying2,SUN Lei2,JIANG Jianfu2*,GUO Dalong1*
(1College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,Henan,China;2Zheng- zhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,China)
Abstract:【Objective】The natural population of grape(Vitis vinifera L.)was used to evaluate the uni-versality of 9 molecular markers for seedless fruit in order to provide technical support for the breeding of new seedless grape varieties.【Methods】DNA was extracted from healthy and young samples of a natural population consisting of 88 seedless germplasmes and 120 nucleatedgermplasmes.PCR amplifi-cation was performed using 9 reported molecular markers for seedless fruit of grape.Then,the PCR products were detected by 1.5%agarose gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis,and the spe-cific bands were analyzed.The accuracy rate and seedless detection rate were calculated respectively to verify the versatility of 9 molecular markers for seedless fruit of grape.【Results】Among 208 grape germplasmes,16 germplasmes were detected by SCAR marker GSLP1-569,including 14 seedless germplasmes and 2 seeded germplasmes.The 14 seedless varieties were Summer Black,Changwuhebai Etc.among others.And,among them,12 germplasmes were Thompson Seedless and its derivatives.The identification accuracy and nuclear-free detection rate were 57.12%and 90.51%,respectively.Addi-tionally,the 1080 bp specific band was amplified by SCC8-1080 in 53 seedless germplasmes and 19 seeded germplasmes,and the statistical identification accuracy and seedless detection rate were 72.20%and 79.18%,respectively.Moreover,the 2000 bp specific band was amplified by SCF27-2000 in 87seedless germplasmes and 55 seeded germplasmes.The statistical identification accuracy and seedless detection rate were 75.38%and 67.82%,respectively.Furthermore,a total of 6 isotopic point and 8 gen-otypes were detected by the SSR marker p1-VvAGL11.The chi-square test showed that the allele 250 bp was significantly correlated with the nuclear-free phenotype and 257 bp was significantly correlated with nucleated phenotype.The genotype 250/250 was significantly correlated with the nuclear-free phe-notype,and the genotype 257/257 was significantly correlated with the nuclear phenotype.The statisti-cal identification accuracy and nuclear-free detection rate of the marker were 88.47%and 87.74%,re-spectively.A total of 3 isotopic point and 5 genotypes were detected by the marker p2-VvAGL11.The chi-square test showed that the allele 171 bp was significantly correlated with the nuclear-free pheno-type.The 158 bp was significantly correlated with the nuclear phenotype.The genotype 158/171 was significantly correlated with the seedless phenotype,and the genotype 158/158 was significantly corre-lated with the nuclear phenotype.The accuracy of marker identification and seedless detection rate were 67.43%and 77.22%,respectively.A total of 14 isotopic point and 30 genotypes were detected by the marker p3-VvAGL11.The chi-square test showed that the allele 195 bp was significantly correlated with the nuclear-free phenotype and 185 bp was significantly correlated with the nucleated phenotype.The genotype 185/195 was significantly associated with the nuclear-free phenotype.The genotype 185/185 was significantly correlated with the nuclear phenotype,and the accuracy and nuclear-free detection rate of the marker were 71.94%and 90.72%,respectively.A total of 24 isotopic point and 75 genotypes were detected by the marker 5U_VviAGL11.The chi-square test indicated that the allele 315 bp was significantly correlated with the nuclear-free phenotype and 305 bp was significantly associated with nu-cleated phenotype.The genotype 307/315 was significantly correlated with the nuclear-free phenotype.The accuracy and nuclear-free detection rate of the marker were 68.47%and 90.80%,respectively.A to-tal of 8 isotopic point were detected in the marker VMC7F2,and the allele 197 bp was significantly cor-related with the seedless phenotype by chi-square test.199 bp was significantly correlated with one phe-notype.The genotype 197/199 was significantly associated with the nuclear-free phenotype.The geno-type 199/199 was significantly correlated with the nuclear phenotype,and the accuracy and non-nuclear detection rate of the marker were 67.99%and 79.10%,respectively.A total of 9 isotopic point and 21 genotypes were detected by the marker VVSD10.The chi-square test showed that the allele 105 bp was significantly correlated with the nuclear-free phenotype,and the genotype 105/105 was significantly correlated with the nuclear-free phenotype.The identification accuracy and nuclear-free detection rate of the marker were 61.60%and 63.03%,respectively.【Conclusion】Among the SCAR type markers,SCF27-2000 had the highest accuracy and true positive rate,and the performance was the best.And,GSLP1-569 was more suitable for the hybrid offspring of Thompson seedless series.Among the SSR markers,p 1-VvAGL11 had good accuracy and seedless detection rate,and the 1 negative and 1 positive were low,showing the best performance,while p3-VvAGL11 and 5U_VviAGL11 had higher seedless detection rate,and 5U_VviAGL11 contained more genetic information.
Keywords:Grape;Seedless;Molecular marker;Accuracy;Verify
葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)是葡萄科葡萄屬植物,被廣泛應(yīng)用于鮮食、釀酒、制汁、制干等[1]。無核葡萄因其食用方便,口感佳,而深受消費(fèi)者喜愛,因此無核已成為國內(nèi)外葡萄育種工作的重要目標(biāo)之一[2-3]。
葡萄童期較長,無核表型僅能在成年結(jié)果植株中進(jìn)行篩選,造成無核葡萄新品種選育進(jìn)程緩慢[4]。DNA標(biāo)記技術(shù)的發(fā)展,為植物育種提供了新的方向,通過標(biāo)記輔助選擇(Marker assisted-selec-tion,MAS)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對目標(biāo)性狀在幼苗期的鑒定,縮短育種周期[5]。因此,篩選準(zhǔn)確高效的葡萄無核分子標(biāo)記對育種工作有重要意義。目前國內(nèi)外基于葡萄無核主要位點(diǎn)SDI(Seed Development Inhibi-tor,種子發(fā)育抑制)開發(fā)了一系列無核分子標(biāo)記[6-7],主要包括序列特征擴(kuò)增區(qū)(Sequence Characterized Amplified Region,SCAR)和簡單重復(fù)序列(Simple Sequence Repeats,SSR)兩種標(biāo)記[8-10]。MEJíA等[11]通過集群分離分析法(Bulk Segregant Analysis,BSA),利用紅寶石無核×蘇丹娜的雜交群體開發(fā)了SCAR標(biāo)記SCF27-2000,該標(biāo)記可以結(jié)合無核相關(guān)基因擴(kuò)增出2.0 kb的特異性片段。GSLP1-569是王躍進(jìn)等[12]采用自動(dòng)熒光DNA序列分析儀對葡萄無核基因的RAPD標(biāo)記UBC-269450進(jìn)行測序后,按照該序列人工合成的寡聚核苷酸,利用該標(biāo)記可以對攜帶無核基因或表達(dá)無核性狀的葡萄DNA擴(kuò)增出約590bp的特殊片段。馬亞茹等[13]通過紅地球×森田尼無核及F1雜交群體開發(fā)了SSR標(biāo)記VvSD10,可以在111bp等位點(diǎn)對葡萄無核性狀進(jìn)行鑒定?,F(xiàn)有的葡萄無核分子標(biāo)記準(zhǔn)確率多在特定雜交群體中進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,驗(yàn)證效率與親本關(guān)聯(lián)度較高,但在自然群體中的鑒定效率尚不明確,不能滿足葡萄無核育種需求[14]。
筆者在本試驗(yàn)中在國內(nèi)外研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對已報(bào)道的3個(gè)SCAR標(biāo)記和6個(gè)SSR標(biāo)記進(jìn)行通用性驗(yàn)證,以期從中篩選出適用于自然群體的葡萄無核分子標(biāo)記,為加快無核葡萄新品種選育進(jìn)程提供技術(shù)參考。
1材料和方法
1.1材料
試驗(yàn)于2022—2023年在中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院鄭州果樹研究所進(jìn)行。試驗(yàn)共208份種質(zhì),包含無核種質(zhì)88份和有核種質(zhì)120份(表1),試驗(yàn)所用材料均保存于國家葡萄種質(zhì)資源圃(鄭州)。
1.2 DNA提取
取葡萄健康幼嫩葉片,液氮研磨,采用CTAB植物基因組DNA快速提取試劑盒(北京艾德萊生物科技有限公司)提取葉片基因組DNA。利用Nano-Drop 1000 spectrophotometer(Themo Scientific)紫外分光光度計(jì)檢測DNA濃度和純度,然后將DNA濃度稀釋到工作液質(zhì)量濃度(約20 ng·μL-1),保存于-20℃,用于后續(xù)試驗(yàn)。
1.3無核分子標(biāo)記選擇及PCR擴(kuò)增條件
選用9個(gè)已報(bào)道的與葡萄無核表型相關(guān)的分子標(biāo)記(表2),引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成,含F(xiàn)AM熒光探針的SSR引物由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司合成。
PCR反應(yīng)體系如下:SCAR標(biāo)記PCR反應(yīng)體系25μL:2×Taq Master Mix 15μL,正、反向引物各1μL(20μmol·L-1),DNA模板(20 ng·μL-1)2μL,ddH2O 6μL。反應(yīng)程序?yàn)椋?5℃預(yù)變性3 min;95℃變性10 s,適宜Tm值退火10 s,72℃延伸1 min,35個(gè)循環(huán);72℃延伸5 min,擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物4℃保存。SSR標(biāo)記PCR反應(yīng)體系30μL:1×TSE101金牌Mix 27μL,正、反向引物各1μL,DNA模板1μL。反應(yīng)程序?yàn)椋?8℃預(yù)變性3 min;98℃變性10 s,適宜Tm值退火10 s,72℃延伸5min,37個(gè)循環(huán),擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物4℃保存。
1.4 PCR產(chǎn)物檢測
SCAR標(biāo)記的PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物采用1.5%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳25~30 min(恒壓150 V),使用UV凝膠成像儀拍照記錄。SSR標(biāo)記的PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物通過瓊脂糖凝膠電泳(2μL樣品+6μL溴酚藍(lán)),300 V電壓下12 min,獲取鑒定膠圖,通過膠圖確定模板濃度,加無菌水稀釋后采用熒光毛細(xì)管電泳(ABI 3730 XL遺傳分析儀)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
1.5數(shù)據(jù)處理
參考馬亞茹等[13]、Baldi等[18]和Vihinen[19]的方法分別計(jì)算真陽性(True Positive,TP)、真陰性(True Negative,TN)、假陽性(False Positive,F(xiàn)P)、假陰性(False Negative,F(xiàn)N)、準(zhǔn)確率(Accuracy)和無核檢測率(Nuclear-free Detection Rate,NDR)。
準(zhǔn)確率=(TP+TN)/(TP+FP+TN+FN)×100%,無核檢測率=TP/(TP+FP)×100%。并利用SPSS軟件對樣本表型與不同的SSR標(biāo)記的等位點(diǎn)及基因型之間進(jìn)行卡方(χ2)獨(dú)立性檢驗(yàn)(p<0.05),用于評估表型和試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)程度。
2結(jié)果與分析
2.1 SCAR標(biāo)記驗(yàn)證及不同標(biāo)記間準(zhǔn)確率比較
在208個(gè)葡萄種質(zhì)中驗(yàn)證SCAR類型無核標(biāo)記的通用性。結(jié)果如表3所示,標(biāo)記GSLP1-569在葡萄種質(zhì)間的鑒定準(zhǔn)確率和無核檢測率分別是57.12%和90.51%。檢測到的16個(gè)種質(zhì)包含14個(gè)無核種質(zhì)和2個(gè)有核種質(zhì),其中11個(gè)無核種質(zhì)是無核白及其衍生后代,可見GSLP1-569適合針對無核白及其后代的檢測。標(biāo)記SCC8-1080分別在53個(gè)無核種質(zhì)和19個(gè)有核種質(zhì)中擴(kuò)增出1080bp的特異性條帶,經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)在208個(gè)葡萄種質(zhì)間的鑒定準(zhǔn)確率和無核檢測率分別是72.20%和79.18%;標(biāo)記SCF27-2000分別在87個(gè)無核種質(zhì)和55個(gè)有核種質(zhì)中擴(kuò)增出2000bp的特異性條帶,在208個(gè)種質(zhì)間的鑒定準(zhǔn)確率和無核檢測率分別是75.38%和67.82%。3個(gè)SCAR類型標(biāo)記中SCF27-2000的準(zhǔn)確率和真陽性最高;標(biāo)記GSLP1-569有較高的無核檢測率、假陰性和真陰性。鑒定結(jié)果表明,在針對自然群體的檢測中SCF27-2000綜合表現(xiàn)最優(yōu),適用于無核葡萄新品種的SCAR分子輔助選擇。
2.2 SSR標(biāo)記檢測標(biāo)記位點(diǎn)及基因型分析
對6個(gè)SSR無核標(biāo)記的通用性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明:6個(gè)標(biāo)記分別檢測到3~24個(gè)不等的標(biāo)記位點(diǎn),這些位點(diǎn)大小為101~321 bp,標(biāo)記p2-VvAGL11檢測到的位點(diǎn)最少,5U_VviAGL11檢測到的位點(diǎn)最多。每個(gè)標(biāo)記表現(xiàn)最好的標(biāo)記位點(diǎn)如表4所示,經(jīng)卡方檢驗(yàn)與種子有無均呈極顯著相關(guān),檢測出這些位點(diǎn)的種質(zhì)中無核種質(zhì)占41.4%~89.4%,p1-VvAGL11的250 bp占比最高,同時(shí)在41.7%的三倍體種質(zhì)中檢測到該位點(diǎn)。這些位點(diǎn)在56.1%~88.1%的無核葡萄種質(zhì)中檢測到,5U_VviAGL11的315 bp占比最高,在三倍體種質(zhì)中未檢測到該位點(diǎn)。
6個(gè)標(biāo)記分別檢測到5~75種數(shù)量不等的基因型,標(biāo)記p2-VvAGL11檢測到的基因型數(shù)量最少,5U_VviAGL11檢測到的數(shù)量最多。每個(gè)標(biāo)記表現(xiàn)最好的基因型如表5所示,經(jīng)卡方檢驗(yàn)與葡萄種子有無極顯著相關(guān)。檢測到這6種基因型的種質(zhì)中,71%~93.3%的種質(zhì)為無核表型,標(biāo)記5U_VviA-GL11檢測到的種質(zhì)中無核種質(zhì)占比最高;無核種質(zhì)中24.4%~86.7%的種質(zhì)檢測出這6種基因型,其中p1-VvAGL11檢測到的250/250在無核種質(zhì)中占比最高;有核種質(zhì)中僅有1.7%~24.2%檢測到這6種基因型;5U_VviAGL11檢測到的307/315在有核種質(zhì)中占比最低。
2.3 SSR標(biāo)記驗(yàn)證及不同標(biāo)記間準(zhǔn)確率比較
對6個(gè)SSR類型無核標(biāo)記進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果(表6)顯示p1-VvAGL11準(zhǔn)確率最高,達(dá)到88.47%,無核檢測率為87.74%。p3-VvAGL11和5U_VviAGL11的無核檢測率較高,分別為90.72%和90.80%,同時(shí)二者的真陰性也最高,分別為95.00%和95.83%。p1-VvAGL11真陽性最高,為89.44%;6個(gè)標(biāo)記假陽性均表現(xiàn)良好,最高是VVSD10,為32.92%,最低是p3-VvAGL11,僅為5.00%。整體上p1-VvAGL11綜合表現(xiàn)最優(yōu),適用于無核葡萄新品種的SSR分子輔助選擇。
3討論
葡萄基因型高度雜合,童期長,導(dǎo)致育種進(jìn)程相對緩慢[20]。通常對果實(shí)無核表型的篩選,只能等植株成年之后才能進(jìn)行。而利用準(zhǔn)確率高的分子標(biāo)記進(jìn)行輔助選擇育種,可以有效縮短育種年限,提高育種效率,推動(dòng)無核葡萄育種的進(jìn)程[21]。
國內(nèi)外對開發(fā)葡萄無核分子標(biāo)記進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,屈田田等[22]通過不同葡萄雜交組合實(shí)生后代對GSLP1-569進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明其在檢測無核白的后代時(shí)有著更高的準(zhǔn)確性。在本研究中,GSLP1-569檢測出的14個(gè)無核品種中有11個(gè)品種與無核白有遺傳關(guān)聯(lián),證實(shí)GSLP1-569較為適合檢測無核白及其衍生后代。朱瑜等[23]利用該標(biāo)記對木納格的胚挽救后代進(jìn)行鑒定,成功獲得了21個(gè)無核株系。SCC8-1080是Lahogue等[15]運(yùn)用BSA技術(shù)開發(fā)出的離無核位點(diǎn)更近的SCAR標(biāo)記,也是目前應(yīng)用較多的標(biāo)記之一[22]。Ryan等[24]通過對火焰無核及其F1組成的雜交群體進(jìn)行檢測,證實(shí)SCC8-1080能準(zhǔn)確鑒定F1中無核表型的植株,宣旭嫻[25]研究表明該標(biāo)記在無核群體中對殘核和三倍體中的無核分型正確率分別是52.94%和50.00%,在自然群體中其無核分型正確率和無核檢測率分別是73.08%和43.18%。在本研究中,該標(biāo)記的準(zhǔn)確率和無核檢測率分別是72.20%和79.18%,這種差異可能是試驗(yàn)材料選擇差異造成的。SCF27-2000是Mejía等[11]利用RAPD標(biāo)記技術(shù)通過對隨機(jī)引物篩選之后進(jìn)行測序分析轉(zhuǎn)化而成的SCAR標(biāo)記,宣旭嫻[25]的研究結(jié)果表明,該標(biāo)記在無核群體中對殘核、軟核和三倍體品種無核分型正確率分別是94.12%、100%和66.67%,在自然群體中的無核分型正確率是92.31%,無核檢測率為42.11%。Akkurt等[26]利用Alphonse Lavallee與無核白的372株F1雜交后代對SCF27-2000進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明該標(biāo)記更適用對親本均為無核的雜交后代進(jìn)行鑒定。王勇等[27]利用SCF27-2000在14份葡萄種質(zhì)資源和火州黑玉3個(gè)雜交組合共116株胚挽救后代中檢測到84株攜帶目的基因片段,其中81株與田間鑒定結(jié)果吻合,正確率96.4%,并認(rèn)為該標(biāo)記是一個(gè)顯性或主效基因標(biāo)記,可以用來進(jìn)行葡萄雜交后代無核單株的早期篩選。
p1-VvAGL11、p2-VvAGL11和p3-VvAGL11是Mejía等[8]將遺傳圖譜和物理圖譜與歐亞種葡萄的公共基因組序列進(jìn)行整合,對無核葡萄雜交后代進(jìn)行QTL分析之后篩選出的三個(gè)SSR類型標(biāo)記,并證實(shí)離轉(zhuǎn)錄起始點(diǎn)越近的標(biāo)記越適合用于基因的輔助選擇。安棟梁[28]在自然群體中的驗(yàn)證表明,p3-VvA-GL11驗(yàn)證結(jié)果最優(yōu),無核品種擴(kuò)增結(jié)果中雜合基因型ab的解釋率為58.86%,在有核品種擴(kuò)增結(jié)果中純合基因型BB解釋率達(dá)到66.67%,可以有效區(qū)分種子狀況。在針對p3-VvAGL11的研究中Ocarez等[17和陳豆豆等[20]分別認(rèn)為與194bp和187bp標(biāo)記位點(diǎn)極顯著相關(guān),而筆者在本研究結(jié)果中表明,195 bp位點(diǎn)與無核表型相關(guān)性最顯著。在進(jìn)行相關(guān)驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)時(shí),儀器或試驗(yàn)操作會(huì)造成擴(kuò)增片段長度出現(xiàn)偏差[29],因此使用該類型標(biāo)記時(shí),應(yīng)加入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品進(jìn)行校對,從而減小試驗(yàn)誤差。在本研究中,p1-VvA-GL11、p2-VvAGL11和p3-VvAGL11在自然群體中鑒定準(zhǔn)確率分別是88.47%、67.43%和71.94%,無核檢測率分別是87.74%、77.22%和90.72%,相比之下p1-VvAGL11表現(xiàn)出更高的準(zhǔn)確性,而p3-VvAGL11則表現(xiàn)出更高的無核檢測率。5U_VviAGL11是Ocarez等[17]根據(jù)p3-VvAGL11等位點(diǎn)的分子多樣性重新設(shè)計(jì)的位于VvAGL11啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域的SSR標(biāo)記,含有更豐富的遺傳信息。前人驗(yàn)證表明其等位點(diǎn)306 bp與無核表型極顯著相關(guān),270 bp和298 bp與無核相關(guān)[20],在本研究中,5U_VviAGL11在自然群體中鑒定準(zhǔn)確率和無核檢測率分別是68.47%和90.8%。VMC7F2是Cabezas等[16]利用QTL定位到與葡萄無核性狀有關(guān)基因后經(jīng)篩選設(shè)計(jì)的SSR標(biāo)記,其198bp等位點(diǎn)與無核表型顯著相關(guān)。Akkurt等[26]使用SCC8-1080、SCF27-2000和VMC7f2在Al-phonse Lavallee與無核白的372株F1雜交后代中進(jìn)行檢測,分別檢測到40、80和174個(gè)無核株系,并選用了在3個(gè)標(biāo)記中均表現(xiàn)無核特征的20個(gè)子代進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果顯示VMC7f2與無核性狀關(guān)聯(lián)最緊密。
除筆者在本研究中所用的SCAR和SSR類型標(biāo)記外,單核苷酸多態(tài)性(Simple Nucleotide Polymor-phisms,SNP)技術(shù)逐漸成為研究熱點(diǎn)[30],Ocarez等[17]用20K SNP芯片對573個(gè)無核單株進(jìn)行基因分型和精細(xì)化QTL定位分析,并根據(jù)p3_VvAGL11等位基因的分子多樣性重新設(shè)計(jì)了該標(biāo)記,得到了SNP標(biāo)記E7_VviAGL11。隨著高通量自動(dòng)化檢測方法的更新?lián)Q代,基因芯片、高通量檢測技術(shù)等SNP檢測技術(shù)也逐漸普及,能夠更快速、成本更低且更準(zhǔn)確地檢測出已知的SNP位點(diǎn),為無核葡萄育種提供參考。對于育種工作者而言,高效、準(zhǔn)確的無核鑒定標(biāo)記可加快田間育種進(jìn)度,降低育種成本,促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。本研究試驗(yàn)材料中,出現(xiàn)個(gè)別名稱中有“無核”的品種,在田間調(diào)查時(shí)出現(xiàn)種子充分發(fā)育情況,這可能是命名問題或者引種記錄錯(cuò)誤所致,種子狀況以田間調(diào)查結(jié)果為準(zhǔn)。
4結(jié)論
通過由88份無核種質(zhì)和120份有核種質(zhì)組成的葡萄自然群體對3個(gè)SCAR無核標(biāo)記和6個(gè)SSR無核標(biāo)記進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明SCAR類型標(biāo)記中SCF27-2000準(zhǔn)確率和真陽性最高,表現(xiàn)最優(yōu),GSLP1-569更適用于無核白系列的雜交后代;SSR標(biāo)記中p1-VvAGL11有著較高的準(zhǔn)確率和無核檢測率,且假陰性和假陽性較低,表現(xiàn)最優(yōu)。
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