十七年的薪火相傳

孔子學(xué)院是在中外方大學(xué)友好協(xié)商的基礎(chǔ)上共建、共享、共贏的非營利國際中文教學(xué)機構(gòu)，同時也是中外方工作人員雙向奔赴和共同努力的結(jié)晶。本文僅以馬德里孔子學(xué)院成立以來諸位外方院長的視角書寫該孔院的發(fā)展歷程，并以此向所有孔院中外方院長致敬！

Confucius Institutes are not-for-profit international organizations dedicated to the teaching of Chineselanguage and culture. They are established through friendly consultation and the exchange of mutual benefitsbetween Chinese and local host universities， with teams from both sides collaborating. This article recountsthe development of the Confucius Institute in Madrid from the perspective of the four local directors since itsestablishment， paying tribute to all Chinese and local directors of Confucius Institutes.

初創(chuàng)期，2008—2012 年

皮拉爾 · 羅德里格斯 · 馬林時任馬德里自治大學(xué)國際關(guān)系副校長

Start-up period： 2008—2012

Pilar Rodríguez Marín Vice-Rector for Internationalization， UAM

2005年，時任中國國家主席胡錦濤訪問西班牙期間，原孔子學(xué)院總部、馬德里自治大學(xué)和亞洲之家簽署了合作協(xié)議，共建西班牙第一所孔子學(xué)院——馬德里孔子學(xué)院。2007年11月26日，馬德里孔子學(xué)院正式揭牌，2008 年初開始在當(dāng)時的馬德里亞洲之家所在地米拉弗洛雷斯宮開講授課。

In 2005， during the visit to Spain of the thenChinese President Hu Jintao， the Confucius Institutein Madrid was established as the country’s firstConfucius Institute. This was made possible by anagreement signed between the Confucius InstituteHeadquarters （Hanban）， the Autonomous Universityof Madrid （UAM）， and Casa Asia. The official inaugurationtook place on November 26th， 2007， withclasses starting in early 2008 at the Miraflores Palace，which was then headquarters of Casa Asia in Madrid.

自此一直到2009年，我親歷了馬德里孔子學(xué)院的初創(chuàng)過程。萬事開頭難，但這個過程充滿了夢想、激情，而且我們還收獲了友誼。當(dāng)然，這就不能不提及一些親密和重要的朋友：當(dāng)時的校長安赫爾 · 加比隆多、馬德里亞洲之家主任費爾南多 · 德拉赫和中國駐西班牙使館教育參贊王志偉。我很榮幸能結(jié)交到他們這樣的朋友，也非常自豪能繼續(xù)稱他們?yōu)槲业呐笥选?/p>

Until 2009， I was fortunate to witness firsthandthe early days of the Confucius Institute in Madrid.As with all important endeavors， the early dayswere challenging， although they were also full ofenthusiasm， passion， and friendship. There werenaturally some key figures involved， including ángelGabilondo， then UAM Rector， Fernando Delage，Director of Casa Asia in Madrid， and Wang Zhiwei，Educational Counselor at the Chinese Embassy. I washonored to make their acquaintance and remain veryproud to continue to call them my friends.

我在這個過程中學(xué)到了很多很多。比如，我理解了“?！弊值暮x。

I learned a great deal during this process， includingthe deeper meaning of the Chinese character福meaning “fortune.”

發(fā)展期，2012—2018 年

伊莎貝爾 · 塞韋拉

馬德里自治大學(xué)東亞研究中心教師北京塞萬提斯學(xué)院院長

Development period： 2012—2018

Isabel Cervera

East Asian Studies Center， UAM Director of the Cervantes Institute in Beijing

當(dāng)我接到管理馬德里孔子學(xué)院的工作安排時，我難以想象后來發(fā)生的一切，也無法想象有機會與這么多同事、朋友分享這一切。事實上，作為西班牙第一家孔子學(xué)院，馬德里孔子學(xué)院是馬德里自治大學(xué)國際化計劃的一部分。

When I was ent rustedwith leading a new phase of theConfucius Institute in Madrid，I could not have imaginedeverything which would unfold，nor the journey I was about toshare with so many colleaguesand f r i e nds . Indeed， theConfucius Institute in Madrid，as the first in Spain， was part ofthe UAM’s internationalizationprogram.

在我擔(dān)任外方院長期間，孔院團隊接受了各種挑戰(zhàn)。這些挑戰(zhàn)促進了孔院的發(fā)展，并提高了它在這座城市文化活動方面的知名度。我們優(yōu)先考慮在各類公共活動中展示中國傳統(tǒng)文化元素與最新、最前衛(wèi)的文化產(chǎn)品。因此，我們參加了多個電影節(jié)和文學(xué)節(jié)活動，在這些活動中，我們邀請到了西班牙漢學(xué)家和中國專家擔(dān)任主講。

During my tenure as the local director，the team faced various challenges whichcontributed to its growth and visibilitywithin Madrid’s cultural scene. We prioritizedthe Institute’s presence at various cityevents， offering cultural programs whichblended traditional Chinese culture withcontemporary and avant-garde elements.We took part in film and literature festivals，inviting Spanish sinologists and Chinese experts topresent engaging content.

鑒于孔院與大學(xué)的聯(lián)系，我們努力推動馬德里自治大學(xué)和上海外國語大學(xué)師生間的互相交流，加強雙方的聯(lián)盟，并借助大學(xué)場地宣傳孔院的課程與活動，不斷尋找新的學(xué)員。

Due to the Institute’s affiliation with UAMand its cooperation with Shanghai InternationalStudies University （SISU）， efforts were made tostrengthen ties between the two universities throughexchanges of professors and students. We also usedUAM’s premises to promote the Institute’s educationaland cultural offerings to attract new students.

談及場地，就不得不說院址的變遷。我們先是從馬德里亞洲之家所在地——米拉弗洛雷斯宮——搬到馬德里自治大學(xué)拉科拉拉文化中心，最后搬到馬德里市中心的貝阿特里茲 · 加林多中學(xué)，也就是現(xiàn)在的孔院所在地，這一切都要歸功于馬德里自治大學(xué)校方團隊的辛勤工作，以及原孔子學(xué)院總部和上海外國語大學(xué)的大力支持。

Talking about the space also means explainingour relocations， from the Miraflores Palace， whichwas Casa Asia’s headquarters in Madrid， to LaCorrala， owned by UAM， and finally to IES BeatrizGalindo， the Institute’s current location in one ofthe city’s central areas. All of this was made possiblethanks to the hard work of the UAM team with thesupport of Hanban and SISU.

那些年，我們在每年的孔子學(xué)院日舉辦開放日活動，并與中國和當(dāng)?shù)貦C構(gòu)開展合作，展示自己的特色。我們曾多次舉辦漢語水平考試（HSK）和中小學(xué)生漢語考試（YCT），這些考試說明了當(dāng)?shù)厝藢χ形膶W(xué)習(xí)及官方認證的興趣?？忌粌H有來自馬德里的，還有來自西班牙其他地區(qū)的。隨著時間的推移，多個孔院在西班牙各地相繼成立，并逐漸形成了一個孔院網(wǎng)絡(luò)，至今我對西班牙多所孔院的聯(lián)合會議、合辦活動以及共同面對的挑戰(zhàn)仍記憶猶新。

During those years， we would celebrate ConfuciusInstitute Day annually with an open house event，collaborating with Chinese and local partners toshowcase our activities. We also held multiple HSK andYCT examinations， highlighting the public interest inlearning and certifying Chinese from Madrid and allover Spain. New Confucius Institutes have graduallybeen established across Spain， creating a network; Ihave fond memories of the meetings， collaborativeactivities， and shared challenges of this process.

2016年，我們啟動了“馬德里孔子學(xué)院朋友會”項目，旨在增強學(xué)員的忠實度，并與當(dāng)?shù)厣碳医⒒セ莺献麝P(guān)系。我們還利用社交媒體加大了該項目的宣傳力度。作為東道主，我們多次接待了馬德里孔子學(xué)院理事會成員、中國大使館官員以及來訪馬德里的中國機構(gòu)代表團。當(dāng)然我們也迎來了許多西班牙語學(xué)者與漢學(xué)家，由此增進了相互之間的了解。其中最受媒體關(guān)注并產(chǎn)生重要影響的，是敬愛的董燕生教授、陸經(jīng)生教授以及上海外國語大學(xué)團隊的來訪和他們的講座。

In 2016， we launched the “Friends of theConfucius Institute in Madrid” program， designed tobuild loyalty among our students， also establishing mutually beneficial collaborations with localbusinesses. We developed a digital presence on socialmedia channels to support the program. As hosts，we welcomed the council members of the ConfuciusInstitute in Madrid， Chinese Embassy officials， andrepresentatives from Chinese institutions visitingMadrid on various occasions， as well as Hispanicscholars and sinologists， thus expanding our mutualknowledge. Among the most high-profile events，both in terms of media coverage and their impact，were the visits and lectures by esteemed professorssuch as Dong Yansheng and Lu Jingsheng， along withthe SISU teaching team.

在所有文化活動中，我印象最深刻的是“朝圣之路 · 圣跡——從敦煌到伊比利亞半島”展覽。這場活動實現(xiàn)了我們所有的設(shè)想。一方面，展覽內(nèi)容突出了中西兩國在歷史進程中的文化對話；另一方面，它也是與北京塞萬提斯學(xué)院、敦煌研究院和馬德里中國文化中心等兩國機構(gòu)合作的成果。此外，我們在北京塞萬提斯學(xué)院、敦煌博物館以及在西班牙本土的巴塞羅那、萊昂、馬德里和巴倫西亞的4 所孔子學(xué)院都舉辦過展覽

Among all these activities， I would like tohighlight the exhibition "Cartography of theRoads： Dunhuang and the Spanish Romanesquein the Iberian Peninsula." This event fulfilled allour expectations. On the one hand， the exhibitionshowcased the cultural dialogue between China andSpain during their historical progress; on the otherhand， it demonstrated the results of the collaboration between the two countries' institutions. Additionally，exhibitions were held at the Cervantes Institutein Beijing， the Dunhuang Academy， and at localConfucius Institutes in Barcelona， León， Madrid， andValencia in Spain.

這些年孔院工作的順利進行得益于馬德里孔子學(xué)院團隊以及馬德里自治大學(xué)、上海外國語大學(xué)和原孔子學(xué)院總部的無條件支持，我將永遠心懷感激。同時，我也為與我的中國同事、兩任中方院長陳芷和倪茂華順利合作而感到驕傲。

These years of smooth progress were made possibleby the efforts of the entire team of the ConfuciusInstitute in Madrid and the unwavering support ofthe UAM， SISU， and Hanban， for which I will alwaysbe grateful. I am also proud of the work completedwith my Chinese colleagues， including the two formerChinese directors Chen Zhi and Ni Maohua.

鞏固期，2018—2023 年

格拉迪斯 · 涅托（孫歌迪）馬德里自治大學(xué)東亞研究中心教師

Consolidation period： 2018—2023

Gladys Nieto East Asian Studies Center， UAM

我在2018—2023年間擔(dān)任馬德里孔子學(xué)院外方院長。我和上海外國語大學(xué)的同事分擔(dān)工作，每次回憶起來，我都滿懷尊敬，她們是倪茂華、陳旦娜和章艷老師。雖然我之前有大學(xué)管理經(jīng)驗，但馬德里孔子學(xué)院的工作對我來說仍是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。這是一個中西兩國多個機構(gòu)共建的項目，為此我們組織了一個工作方式多樣的團隊，這讓我受益匪淺。作為孔院大家庭中的一員，我有一個深刻的體會，那就是每個孔院都有其特定的條件，這些條件受其所處環(huán)境的限制，也制約著孔院的發(fā)展。西班牙其他省的孔院，可能是當(dāng)?shù)匚ㄒ惶峁┲形慕虒W(xué)的機構(gòu)。而馬德里孔子學(xué)院位于馬德里市中心，遠離大學(xué)校區(qū)，大學(xué)可輸入的生源較少，面臨著較強的競爭壓力。因此，在我任職期間，我們在確定工作方向時考慮到了這些特殊性。一方面，我們希望將孔院定位為馬德里唯一的官方優(yōu)質(zhì)中文教學(xué)機構(gòu)，從而與語言學(xué)校區(qū)分開來，另一方面，我們希望拉近孔院與馬德里自治大學(xué)校園和大學(xué)社區(qū)的距離。我們在這方面采取了一些措施，有一些創(chuàng)新的做法，對此我們深感自豪。

I served as Local Director of the ConfuciusInstitute in Madrid from 2018 to 2023， sharingresponsibilities with my colleagues from SISU，specifically： Ni Maohua， Chen Danna， and ZhangYan， whom I remember with great affection. Despitemy experience of university administration， theConfucius Institute in Madrid presented a significantchallenge; this was a project with multiple partners inChina and Spain， and we formed a diverse workingteam， representing an important learning experiencefor me. Being part of this Confucius Institute familydemonstrated to me that each Institute operatesunder specific conditions which shape or constrainits development. While the Confucius Institutes inother provinces of Spain may be the only institutionsoffering Chinese language education in their area，the Confucius Institute in Madrid， located in the citycenter and far from any university campus， had fewerpotential students from universities and faced moreintense competition. Therefore， during my term， weused these conditions to guide our work. In onerespect， our aim was to establish the Institute as theonly official， high-quality institution for Chineselanguage education in Madrid， setting us apart fromother language centers. Equally， we sought to bringit closer to the UAM campus and the universitycommunity; we took some innovative steps towardsthe achievement of these goals， which we areproud of.

在我的任期內(nèi)，我們不得不面對幾項變革，例如中文教師遴選模式的改變，新模式更注重對教師進行教學(xué)培訓(xùn)，以提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量。2020年，孔院轉(zhuǎn)隸后，中國國際中文教育基金會、上海外國語大學(xué)和馬德里自治大學(xué)簽署了新的協(xié)議，亞洲之家沒有繼續(xù)參與其中。此外，我們還與馬德里大區(qū)政府續(xù)簽了馬德里孔子學(xué)院使用貝阿特里茲 · 加林多中學(xué)設(shè)施的租用協(xié)議，與漢考國際簽訂了新協(xié)議，并開始為馬德里自治大學(xué)亞非研究專業(yè)的學(xué)生以及大學(xué)的其他學(xué)生授課。但我們也經(jīng)歷了新冠大流行、引入在線課程及文化活動，以及之后回歸線下課堂等突發(fā)情況。雖然那段時間很艱難，但我們克服了各種困難，甚至將困難轉(zhuǎn)化為成就。2018年和2019年，馬德里孔子學(xué)院仍入選原孔子學(xué)院總部全球文化試點項目，該項目匯集了來自世界各地的幾十個孔子學(xué)院。在這個平臺上，我們舉辦了幾次展覽，包括“走向未來：馬德里 · 北京音樂潮”“中國兒童繪本展”等。我們還與尤赫尼奧 · 特里亞斯市立圖書館合作，創(chuàng)辦了一個名為“閱讀中國”的讀書會，取得了巨大成功。讀書會在民眾中廣為流傳，并通過譯者、作家和當(dāng)?shù)孛癖娭g的交流和了解，促進了中國文學(xué)的傳播。

During my term， we underwent several transformations，including adapting to Hanban’s new facultyselection model which focused on enhancing thetraining of teachers of Chinese as a foreign languagein order to improve the quality of education. Followingthe changes of Hanban in2020， we signed a new agreementwith the Chinese InternationalEducation Foundation， SISUand UAM， albeit without the involvementof Casa Asia. We alsorenewed our agreement with theGovernment of the Communityof Madrid for the use of spaceat IES Beatriz Galindo， signed anew contract with Chinesetest，and began offering classes atUAM for students majoringin Asian and African Studies，and for the broader universitycommunity. We navigated the COVID-19 pandemic， incorporating online classesand cultural activities， and subsequently returningto in-person classes. In both 2018 and 2019 wewere chosen for Hanban’s Cultural Pilot Program，which brought together several Confucius Institutesfrom around the world. Via this platform，we hosted several exhibitions， including “TheFuture is Here： Musical Frenzy from Madrid toBeijing” and “Children’s Illustrated Books fromChina.” We also launched a reading club， “ReadingChina，” in collaboration with the EugenioTrías Municipal Library， which has been a greatsuccess， promoting the dissemination of Chineseliterature through the exchange and sharing ofknowledge among translators， writers， and localaudiences.

加強孔院與周邊文化機構(gòu)的聯(lián)系也是我任期的職責(zé)之一，特別是在與馬德里啟明之家文化中心的合作中，我利用自己對西班牙華人社區(qū)的研究成果，助力舉辦了一次華裔導(dǎo)演電影展。如果要定義我任職期間的馬德里孔子學(xué)院，我認為這是一段鞏固期。

My tenure was also marked by deepeningcontacts with local cultural institutions， particularlywith La Casa Encendida， where I contributed myresearch on the Chinese community in Spain tothe organization of a film series featuring ethnicChinese directors. Reflecting on my time at theConfucius Institute in Madrid， this was a period ofconsolidation.

轉(zhuǎn)型期，2023 至今

安德烈亞斯 · 亞努什（楊德）馬德里自治大學(xué)東亞研究中心教師

Transition period： 2023—present

Andreas Janousch East Asian Studies Center， UAM

2023年2月，在同事上海外國語大學(xué)章艷老師的支持下，我開始擔(dān)任馬德里孔子學(xué)院的外方院長。馬德里孔子學(xué)院迎來了它的第15個生日，盡管經(jīng)歷了轉(zhuǎn)隸和疫情，它的運營狀況仍然較好。由于引入在線教學(xué)，中文課程的注冊人數(shù)幾乎沒有下降。如果起初這種創(chuàng)新只是因受環(huán)境所迫引入的，那么現(xiàn)在，這種線上課程已經(jīng)成為我們課程系統(tǒng)的支柱，有利于我們擴大馬德里以外的線上學(xué)習(xí)者數(shù)量。

In February 2023， I became Local Director ofthe Confucius Institute in Madrid with the invaluablesupport of my SISU colleague， Professor Zhang Yan.We had just celebrated the Institute’s 15th anniversaryand were in excellent shape， despite the challengesposed by the dissolution of Hanban and the COVID-19 pandemic. Enrollment in Chinese language classeshad barely declined， as a result of the introductionof online teaching. Initially a necessity due to thecircumstances of those years， online classes have nowbecome a cornerstone of our offerings， enabling us toreach students beyond Madrid.

在線課程的優(yōu)勢讓我們意識到數(shù)字媒體的重要性，我們?nèi)ツ甑墓ぷ髦攸c之一就是上線一個新的官網(wǎng)并加強社交媒體的宣傳力度，推出一個更現(xiàn)代、更將馬德里孔子學(xué)院打造成一個面向年輕受眾的有吸引力的品牌。此外，我們還在網(wǎng)站上添加了一些新功能，以完善中文教學(xué)，促進各種文化活動的宣傳。

The benefits of online teaching and learninghave highlighted the importance of digital media;one focus of our work over the past year has beenthe creation of a new website and our increasedsocial media presence. Developing a website witha contemporary and appealing design has helpedus to establish an attractive brand for a youngeraudience; we have included website features whichenhance Chinese language teaching and promote ournumerous cultural activities.亮眼的網(wǎng)站，

為了加強馬德里孔子學(xué)院在西班牙社會以及其他西班牙語國家的影響力，我們大力發(fā)展了虛擬孔子學(xué)院平臺，同時，學(xué)院總部的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也進行了翻新。馬德里孔子學(xué)院的總部并不大，但地理位置得天獨厚。自 2023年9月陸愷甜老師作為中方院長加盟以來，馬德里孔子學(xué)院正成為一個日益壯大的機構(gòu)合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)的核心。通過與各類機構(gòu)合作，我們克服了空間上的限制：在馬德里自治大學(xué)開展中文教學(xué)，通過與馬德里市政府簽署協(xié)議，借助馬德里市立圖書館的龐大網(wǎng)絡(luò)，幾乎在西班牙首都的每個區(qū)都組織了工作坊及其他文化活動。

As we raise the Institute’s virtualpresence to increase its prominencein Spanish society and the broaderSpanish-speaking community， we are alsorenovating its facilities; the Institute maynot be large， but its location is ideal. SinceProfessor Lu Kaitian joined us as ChineseDirector in September 2023， the Institutehas become the hub of a growing network of institutions with which we are collaboratingto overcome spatial limitations. We aredeveloping Chinese language teaching at UAMand， through an agreement with the MadridCity Council， are organizing workshops andcultural activities in most districts of thecapital， benefiting from the city’s extensivemunicipal library network.

今年，我們參加了馬德里的多項大型文化盛事，如馬德里書展和赫塔菲偵探小說節(jié)，并有幸邀請到了阿乙、陳春成、雙雪濤等知名中國作家前來參加。值得一提的是，我們的一名學(xué)生還獲得“漢語橋”中文比賽西班牙賽區(qū)一等獎，并將作為西班牙所有孔子學(xué)院的代表前往中國參加全球總決賽。

This year’s milestones include our participationin major cultural events in the Madrid region， includingthe Madrid Book Fair and the Getafe NegroFestival. We have also had the honor of hosting theChinese authors A Yi， Chen Chuncheng， and ShuangXuetao. Notably， one of our students won the firstprize in the “Chinese Bridge” Chinese proficiencycompetition in Spain and will travel to China thisautumn to participate in the final competition as therepresentative of all the Confucius Institutes in Spain.

就在這樣一任一任中外方院長的接力下，我們的孔子學(xué)院正在茁壯成長。

Through the successive leadership of bothits Chinese and local directors， the ConfuciusInstitute in Madrid is growing ever stronger.