堅守舌尖上的安全底線

關(guān)鍵詞：上海市 食品安全 工作舉措

2023年上海市食品安全工作面臨的形勢和挑戰(zhàn)

Challenges and complexities surrounding food safety in Shanghai in 2023

2023年，上海市食品安全狀況繼續(xù)保持有序可控、穩(wěn)中向好的態(tài)勢，在各方努力下，全年未報告發(fā)生集體性食物中毒事故以及其他重大食品安全事件，加上2022年，上海市已連續(xù)兩年保持集體性食物中毒事件的“零報告”，這是自2006年以來的首次。同時，上海市主要食品的食品安全總體監(jiān)測合格率為99.2%，繼續(xù)保持較高水平。

Throughout 2023， Shanghai’s food safety stayed on a steady， manageable trajectory， demonstrating consistent progress. Thanks to the concerted efforts of all stakeholders， the city saw zero reports of widespread food poisoning incidents or other major food safety crises the entire year. Coupled with 2022， this marks two straight years of a spotless record on mass food poisoning incidents for Shanghai - a milestone not seen since 2006. Meanwhile， the overall pass rate for foodsafety inspections on Shanghai’s staple food items held strong at 99.2%.

但我們深切感到，保障食品安全是一場持久戰(zhàn)，社會高度關(guān)注，群眾充滿期待，監(jiān)管成效與百姓的期盼還有差距，主動發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決問題的能力還需要進一步提高。

That said， we’re acutely aware that safeguarding food safety is an unending battle. Public attention is laser-focused， expectations are sky-high， and a gap persists between our regulatory performance and what the people anticipate. We still have strides to make in proactively identifying and tackling food safety issues.

盡管每年的食品安全狀況不盡相同，但從根本上講，上海市食品安全監(jiān)管始終面臨兩大挑戰(zhàn)。

Irrespective of the year-to-year fluctuations in food safety conditions， Shanghai’s food safety oversight fundamentally grapples with two perennial challenges.

首先，上海市食品消費對外依存度較高。近年來，上海市地產(chǎn)主要食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)量總體呈縮減態(tài)勢，目前食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品總消費量的80 % 要靠外省（市）供應(yīng)才能滿足，部分肉類、乳品、水產(chǎn)品、水果等食品比較依賴進口。

First off， Shanghai heavily relies on external foodsources. Lately， the overall supply of Shanghai’shomegrown key edible agricultural goods has beenon a downswing. As it stands， a whopping 80 % oftotal edible agricultural product consumption hingeson supplies from other provinces and cities to meetdemand. Certain meat， dairy， seafood， fruit， and otherfood categories are fairly reliant on imports.

這種食品供給結(jié)構(gòu)需要龐大的食品流通產(chǎn)業(yè)支撐，在繁榮食品經(jīng)濟的同時，會帶來諸如相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈過長、環(huán)節(jié)過多、食品“身世”模糊等負面影響，對傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)管模式構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)。

This heavy reliance necessitates a vast food distributionnetwork. While giving the food economy a boost，it also brings about negative effects， such as lengthysupply chains， numerous intermediaries， and ambiguousfood origins， posing challenges to traditional regulatoryapproaches.

其次，本地食品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營業(yè)態(tài)的產(chǎn)業(yè)化、規(guī)模化、集約化程度不高，上海市目前仍有69.31 % 的食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)年產(chǎn)值低于2000 萬元，公共餐飲單位有69.9 % 為小型飯店。部分市場主體法律意識不強、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營過程管理不完善、技術(shù)研發(fā)投入不足、供應(yīng)鏈不穩(wěn)定、國際競爭力不足，2022 年，多家知名食品企業(yè)、一些插上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)“翅膀”的食品新業(yè)態(tài)，還有受到消費者追捧的“網(wǎng)紅”經(jīng)營者都曾有負面輿情，危害整個食品行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展和人民群眾的消費信心。

Secondly， the industrialization， scale， and intensificationof local food production and operations are lagging.At present， 69.31 % of Shanghai’s food productionenterprises generate less than 20 million RMB in annualoutput value， and small eateries comprise 69.9 % of dining establishments. Certain market players lack legalawareness， their production and operational managementis subpar. They’re underinvesting in technologicalRamp;D， their supply chains are shaky， and their globalcompetitiveness is feeble. Over the past year， a handfulof big-name food companies， some trendy internet-based food ventures， and popular internet celebrityoperators all faced negative publicity， dealing blowsto the food industry’s healthy growth as a whole anderoding consumer confidence.

上海市應(yīng)對食品消費對外依存度較高帶來的挑戰(zhàn)的措施

Measures for tackling challenges posed byhigh reliance on external food sources

受資源、環(huán)境等客觀條件影響，上海市食品消費對外依存度高的狀況短期內(nèi)難有顯著改變，但由此導(dǎo)致的食品產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈過長、風險隱患增加等問題，可以通過加強全程監(jiān)管、推進治理體系和能力的現(xiàn)代化等方式來解決。

Due to inherent challenges such as limited resourcesand environmental constraints， it’s not likely to significantlyreduce Shanghai’s heavy reliance on externalfood sources in the short term. However， the issuesstemming from this situation， such as long food supplychains and heightened risks， can be mitigated by reinforcingend-to-end supervision and advancing themodernization of governance systems and capacities.

全程監(jiān)管方面，上海市各級市場監(jiān)管部門持續(xù)加強監(jiān)督抽檢和評價性抽檢，2023 年開展食品監(jiān)督抽檢125950 批次、評價性抽檢13761 批次、“你點我檢”專項抽檢1.4 萬批次、食品相關(guān)產(chǎn)品監(jiān)督抽查1337 批次、食品相關(guān)產(chǎn)品風險監(jiān)測431 批次，還在全國率先建立重點監(jiān)管食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品動態(tài)管理機制，實施科學、精準、動態(tài)治理，豇豆、生姜、鳊魚、黃鱔、鯽魚等5 種食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品被列入2023 年“重點清單”，并開展專項治理。

In terms of comprehensive oversight， Shanghai’s market supervision departments at all levels have continuously ramped up supervisory and evaluation sampling. Last year alone， they conducted 125，950 instances of food supervisory sampling， 13，761 batches of evaluation sampling， 14，000 targeted inspections under the “On-demand Inspection” initiative， 1，337 batches of supervision and inspection of food-related products， and 431 batches of risk monitoring of food-related products. Shanghai has also pioneered a dynamic management mechanism for key agricultural products， implementing scientific， precise， and dynamic governance. Notably， five essential agricultural products， namely yard long beans， ginger， bream， swamp eel， and crucian carp， were prioritized for intensive oversight in 2023.

未雨綢繆，上海市2023年繼續(xù)加強食品安全風險監(jiān)測和評估。上海市衛(wèi)生健康委會同相關(guān)部門完成32284件食品、832652項次污染物及有害因素監(jiān)測，完成食源性疾病病例監(jiān)測11464例。上海市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委組織實施農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)測，完成地產(chǎn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品定量檢測32221批次，總體合格率99.5%。

With an eye to the future， Shanghai continued to bolster food safety risk monitoring and assessment in 2023. The Shanghai Municipal Health Commission， in collaboration with relevant agencies， completed the monitoring of 32，284 food items， 832，652 pollutants and harmful factors， and 11，464 foodborne disease cases. The Shanghai Municipal Agriculture and Rural Committee conducted rigorous quality and safetymonitoring of locally produced agricultural goods， completing quantitative inspection of 32，221 batches of locally produced agricultural products， with an overall pass rate of 99.5%.

治理體系和能力的現(xiàn)代化方面，上海市持續(xù)推進數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型和智慧監(jiān)管，不斷優(yōu)化上海市食品安全信息追溯應(yīng)用平臺，將依法實施食品安全信息追溯管理的食品品種的追溯信息覆蓋率和上傳率保持在100%；探索試點“區(qū)塊鏈+特殊食品追溯”、特殊食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)關(guān)鍵點遠程非現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管；利用大數(shù)據(jù)對2萬余家入網(wǎng)餐飲服務(wù)經(jīng)營者開展食品安全風險監(jiān)測和分析；推進視頻檢查和人工智能識別不規(guī)范行為等智慧監(jiān)管方式。

As part of efforts to build modernized governance systems and capabilities， Shanghai has steadily pursued digital transformation and intelligent supervision. The city has been continuously improving the Shanghai Food Safety Information Traceability Application Platform. For all food products required to have their information traced， the platform ensures 100% coverage and upload rate of the necessary traceability information. The city is also exploring the pilot application of “blockchain + special food traceability” and remote monitoring of key production sites. Big data is being leveraged to carry out food safety risk monitoring and analysis of more than 20，000 catering service operators connected to the network. Furthermore， Shanghai is promoting intelligent supervision methods， such as video inspections and AI-driven identification of irregular behaviors， to enhance oversight efficiency.

上海市在落實食品安全主體責任方面開展的工作

Actions undertaken to make main actors fulfil primary responsibilities for food safety

這需要施展“組合拳”，首先是堅持“四個最嚴”。2023年，上海市相關(guān)監(jiān)管部門開展食品安全風險隱患排查整治、集中用餐單位食品安全問題專項治理、“打擊侵害‘一老一小’重點人群合法權(quán)益集中執(zhí)法行動”等專項整治行動，累計檢查食品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營企業(yè)493483戶次；加強餐廚廢棄油脂收運處置利用，依法查處違法違規(guī)收集運輸處置餐廚垃圾及廢棄油脂案件1993 起；制定《關(guān)于進一步規(guī)范設(shè)攤經(jīng)營活動的指導(dǎo)意見（試行）》，依法查處違法違規(guī)占道經(jīng)營食品類案件15364 起。

It’s been a concerted effort， starting with strictadherence to the “harshest standards， regulation，penalties， and accountability”. Last year， Shanghai’sregulatory bodies launched targeted initiatives， includingrisk assessments， rectification of safety issues indining facilities， and “crackdowns on infringementsagainst vulnerable groups like the elderly and children.”A total of 493，483 inspections were conductedon food-related businesses， emphasizing the propercollection and disposal of waste cooking oil. Additionally，1，993 cases of illegal collection， transportation，disposal of cooking waste were addressed. Policyinstruments， such as the “Guiding Opinions on FurtherStandardizing Stall Operations （Trial）” were introduced;over 15，000 cases of unlawful roadside food operationswere investigated and penalized in accordance with thelaw.

全鏈條打擊食品安全違法犯罪，上海市市場監(jiān)管局、上海市公安局、上海市檢察院于2023 年聯(lián)合開展打擊保健食品領(lǐng)域違法犯罪專項行動。上海市食藥安辦、市市場監(jiān)管局會同上海市檢察院聯(lián)合開展上海市食品安全犯罪現(xiàn)狀與對策課題研究。上海市場監(jiān)管部門還組織開展食品生產(chǎn)、餐飲服務(wù)、特殊食品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者食品安全風險與信用等級評定，依法將5 個市場主體或個人列入嚴重違法失信名單。

To combat food safety crimes along the entire supplychain， the Shanghai Municipal Administration forMarket Regulation， Public Security Bureau， and Procuratoratejointly launched a campaign against offensesin the health food sector. The Office of ShanghaiMunicipal Food and Drug Safety Commission， ShanghaiMunicipal Administration for Market Regulation，and Procuratorate also jointly conducted a researchproject to understand and counter food safety crimes inShanghai. Additionally， Shanghai’s market supervisionauthorities organized the evaluation of food safety risksand credit ratings of food producers， catering services，and specialty food producers and operators. Stringentactions were taken against entities found violatingregulations， with five entities or individuals facing legalconsequences for serious breaches.

在堅持“四個最嚴”的同時，上海市多措并舉，督促引導(dǎo)和鼓勵生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者主動落實食品安全主體責任。

Meanwhile， Shanghai has also implemented a varietyof measures to urge， guide， and encourage producersand operators to fulfill their primary responsibilities forfood safety.

2023 年，上海市食藥安辦、上海市市場監(jiān)管局全力落實國務(wù)院食安委和市場監(jiān)管總局關(guān)于進一步壓緊壓實食品安全“兩個責任”的工作要求，實現(xiàn)了包保主體全覆蓋、包保督導(dǎo)全覆蓋、包保主體依規(guī)配備食品安全管理人員全覆蓋、逐級督查全覆蓋、宣傳培訓(xùn)全覆蓋，圓滿完成了“2022 年打基礎(chǔ)、2023 年全覆蓋、2024 年見成效”工作任務(wù)，全市2 萬多名包保干部為保證市民“舌尖上的安全”做出了貢獻。上海市食品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營主體配備食品安全總監(jiān)12343 名、食品安全員411170 名，依法落實食品安全“日管控、周排查、月調(diào)度”工作機制，防范食品安全。

In 2023， as part of a three-year food safety improvementcampaign （2022—2024）， the Office of ShanghaiMunicipal Food and Drug Safety Commission andShanghai Municipal Administration for Market Regulationdiligently executed directives from the State CouncilFood Safety Committee and the National MarketSupervision Administration to further strengthen thedual responsibility system， which involves both theregulator and food operators， for ensuring food safety. Food operators， supervision bodies， and food safety management personnel at all levels were sensitized of the requirements for ensuring safety through different kinds of communication and training activities. More than 20，000 officials at different levels of government for food safety were mobilized to ensure substantial improvements in 2024. With 12，343 food safety supervisors and 411，170 personnel deployed across production and operation entities， a rigorous control mechanism was implemented 24/7 to avert safety incidents.

良好的食品安全環(huán)境，始終離不開全社會的支持。2023年，上海市共有15605家食品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位參保食品安全責任保險，其中，高風險食品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營企業(yè)投保實現(xiàn)100%全覆蓋，保費為1092.5萬元。目前，上海市餐飲外賣食安封簽可見率已超過50%，大部分成本由經(jīng)營者主動承擔。

Building a robust food safety ecosystem requires societal collaboration. In 2023， 15，605 food-related businesses in Shanghai participated in food safety liability insurance， achieving full coverage， especially for high-risk ones. The premium amounted to RMB 10.925 million. Notably， takeaway catering businesses in the city achieved over 50% visibility in food safety seals， with operators covering most of the incurred costs.

2023年，上海市市場監(jiān)管投訴舉報系統(tǒng)共受理登記食品類投訴舉報271296件，經(jīng)核實，食品安全監(jiān)管部門落實食品安全有獎舉報451件，發(fā)放獎勵金12.98萬元。

Furthermore， the Shanghai Market Supervision Complaint and Reporting System handled over 270，000 food-related complaints and reports in 2023. Following verification， regulatory bodies acted on 451 safety tips， offering rewards totaling RMB 129，800.

2024年上海市食品安全工作的目標

Goals for Shanghai’s food safety work in 2024

2024年是全面貫徹落實黨的二十大精神和全面推進落實《上海市貫徹〈中共中央、國務(wù)院關(guān)于深化改革加強食品安全工作的意見〉的實施方案》的關(guān)鍵年。上海市立足食品安全新形勢、新任務(wù)，推進建設(shè)國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先、國際一流的食品安全示范城市。

2024 marks a pivotal year for Shanghai as we fully embrace the directives of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and advance the comprehensive implementation of the \"Implementation Plan for Shanghai's Adherence to the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Deepening Reform and Strengthening Food Safety Work.\" Positioned at the forefront of evolving food safety challenges， Shanghai is committed to establishing itself as a national leader and a global exemplar in food safety practices.

2024年，上海市主要食品總體監(jiān)測合格率要保持在99%以上，食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和食品抽檢量達到10批次/千人，集體性食物中毒事故年報告發(fā)生率少于4例/10萬人，市民食品安全基本知識知曉度評分達到91分以上，市民食品安全狀況總體滿意度評分達到91分以上，努力使上海市成為食品最安全、消費最放心、市民最滿意的食品安全城市之一。

This year， Shanghai aims to sustain a main food product qualification rate exceeding 99%， with edible agricultural and food sampling reaching 10 batches per 1，000 individuals. Collective food poisoning incidents are targeted to remain below 4 cases per 100，000 people， while public awareness of basic food safety is expected to score 91 points or higher. Concurrently， we aim for a public satisfaction rating of 91 or above，endeavoring to make Shanghai synonymous with safety， trustworthiness， and satisfaction in food consumption.

2024年，上海市加強食品安全全程監(jiān)管，嚴控農(nóng)獸藥殘留超標，嚴查食品摻假造假，整治濫用食品添加劑和非法添加，開展集中用餐單位食品安全治理，加強預(yù)制菜、直播帶貨、生鮮電商等新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式的食品安全監(jiān)管；深入開展民生領(lǐng)域案件查辦“鐵拳”行動、“昆侖2024”行動、進口食品“國門守護”行動等專項行動，嚴懲食品安全違法犯罪行為。

Our approach will prioritize comprehensive food safety supervision， with rigorous controls on veterinary drug and pesticide use， crackdowns on counterfeit and substandard products， and rectification of additive abuse and unauthorized additives. We will enhance oversight in centralized dining facilities and emerging sectors such as prefabricated dishes， live-streamed marketing， and e-commerce for perishable foods.Special initiatives including the “Iron Fist” operation for livelihood-related cases， “Kunlun 2024” operation， and “Gatekeeping of Imported Food” operation will be pursued to root out safety violations and crimes.

同時，堅持創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，在中國（上海）自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)（含臨港新片區(qū)）探索食品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營許可和監(jiān)管新機制，推進數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型和智慧監(jiān)管，提升食品安全監(jiān)管工作信息化水平，堅持社會共治，強化信用聯(lián)合懲戒。

Simultaneously， embracing innovation， Shanghai will pioneer novel licensing and supervision mechanisms within the China （Shanghai） Free Trade Zone， including the Lingang New Area. We will drive digital transformation and intelligent supervision to elevate the information technology landscape of food safety oversight. Emphasizing social co-governance， we will strengthen collaborative efforts and enforce joint credit penalties， ensuring accountability across the board.